2025年川大考古英语面试题库及答案

2025年川大考古英语面试题库及答案

一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分）1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredaprimarysourceinarchaeologicalresearch?A.PotteryshardsB.WrittendocumentsC.OralhistoriesD.Modernreconstructions2.Theprocessofstratigraphyinarchaeologyisbestdescribedas:A.ThestudyofancientartB.ThelayeringofculturaldepositsinasiteC.ThedatingofartifactsusingradiocarbonD.Theanalysisofancienttraderoutes3.Whatdoestheterm"chronology"refertoinarchaeology?A.ThestudyofancientcoinsB.ThesequenceofeventsinprehistoryC.TheclassificationofarchaeologicalsitesD.Theanalysisofancienthumanremains4.Whichofthefollowingisamethodusedforrelativedatinginarchaeology?A.DendrochronologyB.ThermoluminescenceC.Carbon-14datingD.Stratigraphy5.Theterm"kitchenmidden"ismostcloselyassociatedwith:A.AncientGreekpotteryB.NorseburialpracticesC.PrehistoricgarbagedisposalsitesD.Romanmilitarycamps6.Whatistheprimarypurposeofasitesurveyinarchaeology?A.ToexcavatetheentiresiteB.TolocateandrecordpotentialarchaeologicalsitesC.TorestoreancientbuildingsD.Tosellartifactsontheblackmarket7.Thestudyofancienthumanremainsisknownas:A.PaleontologyB.ArchaeologyC.AnthropologyD.Geology8.Whichofthefollowingisatypeofartifact?A.RockpaintingB.SoilsampleC.TreeringD.Animalbone9.Theterm"culturalresourcemanagement"refersto:A.ThepreservationofhistoricalbuildingsB.ThestudyofancientculturesC.ThemanagementofarchaeologicalsitesandartifactsD.Theexcavationofnewsites10.Whatisthemaindifferencebetweenarchaeologyandpaleontology?A.Archaeologystudieshuman-madeobjects,whilepaleontologystudiesfossilsB.Archaeologystudiesthepast,whilepaleontologystudiesthepresentC.Archaeologyismoreexpensive,whilepaleontologyislessexpensiveD.ArchaeologyisonlydoneinEurope,whilepaleontologyisdoneworldwide二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Theprocessof_______involvesthesystematicrecoveryofartifactsfromasite.2._______isamethodusedtodeterminetheageoforganicmaterials.3.Thestudyofancienttoolsisknownas_______.4._______isthesciencethatdealswiththestudyofancienthumanremains.5.Thetermforthelayeringofculturaldepositsis_______.6._______isthepracticeofrecordingandprotectingarchaeologicalsites.7.Theanalysisofancienttraderoutesisknownas_______.8._______isthestudyofancientartandarchitecture.9.Thetermforthesequenceofeventsinprehistoryis_______.10._______istheprocessofidentifyingandevaluatingpotentialarchaeologicalsites.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Archaeologyisprimarilyconcernedwiththestudyofwrittenrecords.2.Stratigraphyisamethodusedforabsolutedatinginarchaeology.3.Oralhistoriesareconsideredprimarysourcesinarchaeologicalresearch.4.Dendrochronologyisamethodusedforrelativedatinginarchaeology.5.Akitchenmiddenisatypeofprehistoricgarbagedisposalsite.6.Sitesurveysareunnecessaryifasitehasalreadybeenexcavated.7.Anthropologyiscloselyrelatedtoarchaeology.8.Artifactsarenaturalobjectsfoundatarchaeologicalsites.9.Culturalresourcemanagementisfocusedontheexcavationofnewsites.10.Archaeologyandpaleontologyarecompletelyunrelatedfields.四、简答题（总共4题，每题5分）1.Describetheprocessofstratigraphyinarchaeologicalresearchanditsimportance.2.Explainthedifferencebetweenrelativedatingandabsolutedatinginarchaeology.3.Discusstheroleoforalhistoriesinarchaeologicalresearchandtheirlimitations.4.Describetheimportanceofsitesurveysinarchaeologicalresearchandthemethodsused.五、讨论题（总共4题，每题5分）1.Discusstheethicalconsiderationsinvolvedinculturalresourcemanagementandthebalancebetweenpreservationandresearch.2.Explainhowthestudyofancienthumanremainscontributestoourunderstandingofprehistoricsocieties.3.Discussthechallengesandbenefitsofusingoralhistoriesinarchaeologicalresearch.4.Analyzetheimpactofmoderntechnologyonthefieldofarchaeologyanditspotentialfuturedevelopments.答案和解析一、单项选择题答案1.D2.B3.B4.D5.C6.B7.C8.D9.C10.A二、填空题答案1.Excavation2.Radiocarbondating3.Lithicanalysis4.Anthropology5.Stratigraphy6.Culturalresourcemanagement7.Archaeologicalgeography8.Arthistory9.Chronology10.Sitesurvey三、判断题答案1.F2.F3.T4.T5.T6.F7.T8.F9.F10.F四、简答题答案1.Stratigraphyistheprocessofstudyingthelayeringofculturaldepositsinasite.Itisimportantbecauseithelpsarchaeologistsunderstandthesequenceofeventsandhumanactivitiesthatoccurredatasiteovertime.Byanalyzingthelayers,archaeologistscandeterminetherelativeageofartifactsandstructures,whichiscrucialforinterpretingthesite'shistory.2.Relativedatingdeterminesthesequenceofeventsinprehistorywithoutprovidingaspecificage.Itreliesonmethodssuchasstratigraphy,wheretheprincipleofsuperpositionisusedtoestablishtheorderoflayers.Absolutedating,ontheotherhand,providesaspecificageordaterangeforartifactsorsites.Methodslikeradiocarbondatingordendrochronologyareusedtodeterminetheabsoluteage.3.Oralhistoriesplayasignificantroleinarchaeologicalresearchastheyprovideinsightsintothelivesandtraditionsofindigenouscommunities.Theycansupplementarchaeologicalfindingsandofferadifferentperspectiveonthepast.However,oralhistorieshavelimitations,suchasthepotentialformemoryerrorsorbiases,andtheymaynotalwaysbeaccurateorverifiable.4.Sitesurveysarecrucialinarchaeologicalresearchastheyhelpidentifyandlocatepotentialarchaeologicalsites.Theyinvolvesystematicexplorationandrecordingofthelandscape,includingthedetectionofartifacts,structures,orothersignsofhumanactivity.Methodsusedinsitesurveysincludewalkingsurveys,remotesensingtechniques,andground-penetratingradar.五、讨论题答案1.Culturalresourcemanagementinvolvesthepreservationandprotectionofarchaeologicalsitesandartifacts.Ethicalconsiderationsincludebalancingpreservationwithresearchneeds,ensuringtheinvolvementoflocalcommunities,andpreventinglootingorillegaltradeofartifacts.Thechallengeliesinfindingasustainableapproachthatallowsforboththeprotectionofculturalheritageandtheadvancementofarchaeologicalknowledge.2.Thestudyofancienthumanremainscontributessignificantlytoourunderstandingofprehistoricsocieties.Byanalyzingbonesandteeth,archaeologistscandeterminediet,health,age,andevengeneticrelationships.Thisinformationhelpsreconstructthelifestyle,socialstructures,andadaptationsofpastpopulations,providinginsightsintotheirdailylivesandculturalpractices.3.Oralhistoriesoffervaluableinsightsintothepastbutcomewithchallenges.Theyrelyonhumanmemory,whichcanbesubjectiveandpronetoerrors.Oraltraditionsmayalsobeinfluencedbyculturalbiasesorpoliticalagendas.How