2025年河北专升本试题及答案

2025年河北专升本试题及答案一、英语（一）阅读理解（每小题2分，共40分）Passage1Inrecentyears,theconceptof"slowcities"hasgainedtractionworldwide.Unlikefast-pacedmetropolises,slowcitiesaimtopreservelocalculture,promotesustainabledevelopment,andenhancequalityoflife.Theyrestrictlargechainstores,encouragelocalbusinesses,andprioritizepedestrian-friendlyinfrastructure.AsurveyinItaly,wheretheslowcitymovementoriginated,foundthatresidentsinthesecitiesreporthigherlevelsofhappinessandcommunityinvolvement.1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.ThedevelopmentofglobalmetropolisesB.ThecharacteristicsandbenefitsofslowcitiesC.ThehistoryofItalianurbanplanningD.Thenegativeeffectsofchainstores2.Accordingtothepassage,slowcitiesdifferfrommetropolisesmainlyin______.A.populationsizeB.economicoutputC.paceoflifeanddevelopmentphilosophyD.transportationnetworksPassage2Artificialintelligence(AI)istransformingeducation.AdaptivelearningsystemsuseAItoanalyzestudents'performancedata,identifyweaknesses,andtailorlessonplans.Forexample,amathtutoringappmightprovideextrapracticeonfractionsifastudentstruggleswiththem.EducatorsnotethatwhileAIcanpersonalizelearning,itcannotreplaceteachers.Humaninteractionremainscrucialforemotionalsupportandcriticalthinkingdevelopment.3.Whatisthefunctionofadaptivelearningsystemsmentionedinthepassage?A.ToreducethenumberofteachersB.ToprovidepersonalizededucationbasedonperformanceC.ToreplacetraditionaltextbooksD.Toimproveschoolinfrastructure4.WhatdoeducatorsemphasizeaboutAIineducation?A.ItwillsoonreplacehumanteachersB.ItismoreeffectivethantraditionalmethodsC.HumaninteractionisstillessentialD.Itcanonlybeusedinmathtutoring（二）完形填空（每小题1分，共20分）WhenIwasachild,mygrandmotherusedtotellmestoriesabouttheoldvillage.Shedescribedaplace__5__greenhillssurroundedthefarmlands,andasmallriver__6__throughthecenter."WehadnoTVsorsmartphones,"shesaid,"butwe__7__happinessinsimplethings:asharedmeal,awalkunderthestars,__8__achatwithneighbors."AsIgrewolder,I__9__visitedthevillage.Theriverwasnowpolluted,andmanyhouseswere__10__.Onlyafeweldersremained,theireyes__11__withmemories.Oneday,Imetanoldmansittingonastone."Youngpeopleallleftforthecity,"hesighed."They__12__betteropportunities,buttheydon’tknow__13__they’velost."5.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what6.A.flowedB.flowsC.flowingD.toflow7.A.foundB.findC.havefoundD.hadfound8.A.justB.evenC.yetD.still9.A.eventuallyB.suddenlyC.immediatelyD.recently10.A.paintedB.abandonedC.repairedD.decorated11.A.fillingB.filledC.tofillD.beingfilled12.A.seekB.soughtC.areseekingD.willseek13.A.howB.whyC.whatD.when（三）翻译（每小题5分，共10分）14.传统文化的保护需要全社会的共同努力，不仅要依靠政府的政策支持，更要激发年轻人的参与热情。15.Therapiddevelopmentofrenewableenergyhasnotonlyreducedcarbonemissionsbutalsocreatednewjobopportunitiesinsectorslikesolarandwindpower.（四）写作（20分）假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom计划来河北旅游，询问你关于河北特色文化的推荐。请写一封邮件，介绍一项河北非物质文化遗产（如武强木版年画、吴桥杂技等），包括其历史、特点及推荐理由。二、数学（数一）（一）选择题（每小题3分，共30分）1.函数f(x)=√(x-1)+ln(2-x)的定义域是（）A.[1,2)B.(1,2]C.(1,2)D.[1,2]2.极限lim(x→0)(tanxsinx)/x³=（）A.0B.1/2C.1D.23.设y=e^(-x)cosx，则y''=（）A.2e^(-x)sinxB.-2e^(-x)sinxC.e^(-x)(sinxcosx)D.e^(-x)(cosx+sinx)（二）填空题（每小题4分，共20分）4.曲线y=x³-3x²+1的拐点坐标为______。5.定积分∫₀^πsin²xdx=______。（三）计算题（每小题8分，共40分）6.求微分方程y''3y'+2y=e^x的通解。7.计算二重积分∬_Dxydσ，其中D由y=x²，y=√x围成。（四）证明题（10分）8.证明：当x>0时，ln(1+x)>xx²/2。三、政治（一）选择题（每小题2分，共40分）1.马克思主义的根本观点是（）A.实践观点B.矛盾观点C.群众观点D.发展观点2.中国式现代化的本质要求不包括（）A.坚持中国共产党领导B.实现全体人民同步富裕C.促进人与自然和谐共生D.推动构建人类命运共同体（二）简答题（每小题8分，共40分）3.简述新时代十年的伟大变革及其重大意义。4.如何理解“绿水青山就是金山银山”的生态文明思想？（三）论述题（每小题15分，共30分）5.结合实际，论述青年在全面建设社会主义现代化国家中的责任与使命。四、计算机专业基础（数据结构）（一）选择题（每小题3分，共30分）1.一个栈的输入序列为1,2,3,4,5，则不可能的输出序列是（）A.5,4,3,2,1B.3,2,5,4,1C.2,3,1,4,5D.1,5,4,3,22.对于长度为n的有序链表，查找一个元素的时间复杂度为（）A.O(1)B.O(n)C.O(logn)D.O(n²)（二）填空题（每小题4分，共20分）3.完全二叉树有100个节点，其叶子节点数为______。4.快速排序的平均时间复杂度为______。（三）简答题（每小题10分，共30分）5.简述二叉树的前序、中序、后序遍历的区别，并举例说明。（四）程序设计题（每小题15分，共30分）6.编写C语言函数，实现单链表的逆置（要求不使用额外空间）。答案一、英语（一）阅读理解1.B2.C3.B4.C（二）完形填空5.B6.A7.A8.B9.D10.B11.B12.B13.C（三）翻译14.Theprotectionoftraditionalculturerequiresthejointeffortsofthewholesociety.Itnotonlyreliesongovernmentpolicysupportbutalsoneedstostimulatetheenthusiasmofyoungpeopletoparticipate.15.可再生能源的快速发展不仅降低了碳排放，还在太阳能、风能等领域创造了新的就业机会。（四）写作（范文）DearTom,I’mthrilledtohearyou’replanningatriptoHebei!Amongitsrichculturalheritages,IstronglyrecommendWuqiaoAcrobatics,anationalintangibleculturalheritage.Datingbackover2,000years,Wuqiao(acountyinHebei)isknownasthe"HometownofAcrobatics."Whatmakesituniqueisitscombinationofstrength,flexibility,andartistry.Performancesincludeplatespinning,tightropewalking,andeven"acrobaticswithanimals,"showcasingbothskillandcreativity.Irecommenditbecauseit’snotjustaperformancebutalivinghistory.ManyfamiliesinWuqiaohavepasseddownacrobaticskillsforgenerations,makingitasymboloflocalculture.You’llnotonlyenjoytheamazingshowsbutalsofeelthepassionoftheperformers.Lookingforwardtoyourvisit!Bestwishes,LiHua二、数学（数一）（一）选择题1.A2.B3.A（二）填空题4.(1,-1)5.π/2（三）计算题6.齐次方程通解：y=C₁e^x+C₂e^(2x)；特解设为y=Axe^x，代入得A=-1，故通解y=C₁e^x+C₂e^(2x)xe^x。7.积分区域D：0≤x≤1，x²≤y≤√x；∫₀¹x(∫_{x²}^√xydy)dx=∫₀¹x[((√x)²(x²)²)/2]dx=1/2∫₀¹(x²x⁵)dx=1/2(1/31/6)=1/12。（四）证明题8.令f(x)=ln(1+x)-x+x²/2，f(0)=0；f’(x)=1/(1+x)-1+x=x²/(1+x)>0（x>0），故f(x)在x>0时单调递增，f(x)>f(0)=0，即ln(1+x)>x-x²/2。三、政治（一）选择题1.A2.B（二）简答题3.新时代十年的伟大变革包括：经济实力跃上新台阶、脱贫攻坚战全面胜利、全面深化改革取得重大突破、生态文明建设成效显著等。意义：推动我国迈上全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程，为实现中华民族伟大复兴提供了更为完善的制度保证、更为坚实的物质基础、更为主动的精神力量。4.该思想揭示了生态环境保护与经济发展的辩证统一关系：良好生态环境是最普惠的民生福祉；保护生态环境就是保护生产力，改善生态环境就是发展生产力；要坚持绿色发展，实现经济社会可持续发展。（三）论述题5.青年是社会最活跃