UnitThinkingoutoftheboxReading课件-高中英语译林版(00)选修第三册()-1

高中英语译林版(2020)选修第三册课件Unit2ThinkingoutoftheboxReading19Thoughtexperiments:thelaboratoryofthemind思想实验：头脑中的实验室制作者：桂东一中李宇平◆内容分析

【What】本板块的语篇话题是“思想实验”，通过一篇网站文章介绍了思想实验的定义、历史、不同类型以及它对人类认知和发展的意义。文章首先以爱因斯坦的一项知名的思想实验为例引出话题，然后介绍了思想实验的定义；接着结合历史上著名的几项思想实验，阐述了这一概念的发展过程以及重要性。【Why】本文通过解析“思想实验”这一看似新颖实则历史悠久的概念，旨在帮助我们探究其背后的意义，理解思想实验如何促进了人类社会的进步和发展，鼓励我们打破思维观念的局限性，养成积极思考、主动创新的意识。【How】本文的语篇类型为说明文，文章结构清晰，逻辑严密。第一段以爱因斯坦的一项思想实验引出话题，点明思想实验能够成为科学理论产生的重要影响因素；第二段阐述了什么是思想实验，以及为什么要进行思想实验；第三段介绍了思想实验在不同历史阶段的发展和运用；第四段和第五段指出了思想实验的类型和重要作用；最后一段总结全文，号召读者大胆进行自己的思想实验。结构层面，前两段以问句开头引发思考和阅读兴趣，后四段以主题句开头，统领每段的中心思想；词汇层面，作者运用大量与主题相关的语境词汇，如thought,thinking,theory,hypotheticalsituations等，帮助学生理解思想实验的特点和意义；修辞层面，作者运用一些富有哲理的表达，如Asweexploretheworldingreaterdepth,wemayreachapoint...和stretchourmindsbyconfrontingandconsideringdifficultquestions...等来增强文章的说理性；逻辑层面，作者合理运用衔接词，如使用putsimply进行解释，使用instead,thus等来连接要点，从而使行文逻辑顺畅，过渡自然。◆ 教学目标

Bytheendofthissection,wewillbeableto:

1.identifythedefinition,functionandsignificanceofthoughtexperiments;2.analysethewritingtechniquesofthewebsitearticle;3.useexamplestointroduceaninvention;4.recognizetheimportanceofthoughtexperimentsandadoptnewwaysofthinking.Curiousbynature,humansexploretheworldwithvariousexperiments.Thewebsitearticlebelowisaboutauniquetypeofexperimentknownasthoughtexperiments.Beforeyoureadthearticle,thinkaboutthefollowingquestions:

nature天性；本性；性格1)Whatdoweneedtodoinordertoconductanexperiment?

Thereareseveralgeneralstepsneededtoconductanexperiment:makingobservations,formulatingahypothesis,designingandconductinganexperimenttotestthehypothesis,evaluatingtheresultsoftheexperiment,acceptingorrejectingthehypothesis.Ifnecessary,designadifferentexperimenttotestanewhypothesis.formulate/ˈfɔːmjʊˌleɪt/制订,规划,构想,准备;确切表达,认真阐述2)Lookatthetitleandthepictures.Whatkindofexperimentdoyouthinkthoughtexperimentsare?

Thetitlestates“Thoughtexperiments:thelaboratoryofthemind”,whichmakesmethinkthattheseexperimentstakeplaceinsideourmindsinsteadofbeingdoneinreallife.Thepicturesoftheheadsshowtheprocessoftheseexperimentsandsuggestthatapossibleanswercanbefoundinthisway.Whatwouldweobserveifwetravelledatthespeedoflight?ThisisaquestionAlbertEinsteinaskedhimselfattheageof16.Imagininghimselfpursuingabeamoflight,hereasonedthatheshouldobservesuchabeamoflightasanelectromagneticfieldatrest.如果我们以光速行进，会观察到什么？这是阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦在16岁时问他自己的一个问题。他想象自己追着一束光，并推理出，他应该会观察到这束光成为了一个静止的电磁场。travel(以某速度、朝某方向或在某距离内)行进,转送,传播走得快,快速行进AlbertEinstein/ˌælbətˈaɪnstaɪn/阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦rea·son

v.推理,推论,推断;思考,理解atrest(术语)静止,不动;安息,长眠Thisintuitivethinkinglaterplayedanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofhisspecialtheoryofrelativity,asEinsteinacknowledgedinhis1949AutobiographicalNotes.ItcametobeknownasoneofEinstein’smostfamousthoughtexperiments.正如爱因斯坦在他1949年的《自述》中所承认的那样，这个直觉性的想法之后在他的狭义相对论的发展中发挥了重要作用。这后来成为了爱因斯坦最著名的思想实验之一。rela·tiv·ity

/ˌreləˈtɪvəti/[U]相对论autobiographical/ˌɔːtəˌbaɪəˈɡræfɪkəl/自传性的AutobiographicalNotes《自述》(阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的作品)So,whatarethoughtexperiments?Putsimply,theyareexperimentscarriedoutinthelaboratoryofthemind;inotherwords,theytakeplaceintheimagination.Wesetupsomehypotheticalsituation,carryoutanoperation,seewhathappens,anddrawaconclusionfromouranalysis.那么，什么是思想实验呢？简单地说，它们是在头脑中的实验室里进行的实验。换句话说，思想实验发生在想象中。我们提出某种假设情况，进行一场实验，看看会发生什么，然后从我们的分析中得出结论。put说,表达toputitanotherway换个说法setsthup建起,设立,设置operation(数学)运算Asweexploretheworldingreaterdepth,wemayreachapointwhereitisimpossibletorunanexperimentalscenariointherealworldduetophysical,ethicalorfinanciallimitations.当我们更深入地探索世界时，可能会遇到这样一种情况，即由于物理、伦理或财务上的限制而无法在现实世界中运行一个实验场景。indepth:inadetailedandthoroughway全面,深入,详细point时刻,关头,瞬间,阶段run（使）运转,运行,操作scen·ario/səˈnɑːriəʊ/(艺术或文学作品中的)场景;设想,方案,预测eth·ic·al/ˈeθɪkl/(有关)道德的,伦理的;合乎道德的Insuchcircumstances,wemoveintotheareaofthoughtexperiments,whichfunctionasavaluablemeanstotestthelimitsofourknowledgeandadvanceourunderstandingoftheworld.

在这种情况下，我们就进入思想实验的领域。作为一种有价值的手段，思想实验可以检验我们知识的极限，增进我们对世界的理解。in/underthecircumstances在这种情况下；既然如此functionassb/sth起…作用；具有…功能advance促进；推动,=furtherWhiletheterm“thoughtexperiment”originatedinthe19thcentury,theuseofthoughtexperimentscanbetracedmuchfurtherback,whenancientphilosophersusedthemtoexploredifficultquestions.About2,500yearsago,ChinesephilosopherZhuangzirecordedoneoftheearliestthoughtexperiments:ifyoucutalongstickinhalfandthencuttheremainingpartintwoeachfollowingday,youwillneverfinishcuttingit.虽然“思想实验”一词起源于19世纪，但其应用可以追溯到更早的时候，那时的古代哲学家们用思想实验来探索难题。大约2500年前，中国哲学家庄子记录了最早的思想实验之一：一尺之捶，日取其半，万世不竭。cutsth(in/intosth)用刀等将某物）切成，割成Withthebirthofmodernscience,thoughtexperimentsbecameanimportanttoolforscientists,especiallyinphysics.Todaythoughtexperimentsareregularlyusedintheareasofphilosophy,economicsandthesciences.

Throughouthistory,thoughtexperimentshavecontributedtothedevelopmentofscientifictheories.Withlogicalreasoning,thoughtexperimentsarecapableofputtingforwardanewtheoryandsupportingordisprovinganexistingtheory.ex·ist·ing

/ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ/现存的；现行的dis·provevt.反驳;证明…是错误（或虚假）的AclassicexampleofthisisGalileoGalilei’sthoughtexperimentwithtwofallingballs.InGalileo’sday,Aristotle’sbeliefthataheavierballshouldfallfasterthanalighteronewaswellaccepted.Doubtful,Galileoaskedwhatwouldhappenifthetwoballsweretiedtogether.

这方面的一个经典例子是伽利略•伽利雷关于两个下落球体的思想实验。在伽利略的时代，人们普遍接受亚里士多德的观点，即一个较重的球应该比一个较轻的球下落得更快。伽利略对此持怀疑态度，他问道，如果把两个球绑在一起，会发生什么？GalileoGalilei/ˌɡæləˈleɪəʊɡæləˈleɪ/伽利略·伽利雷day时期；时代Aristotle/ˈærɪˌstɒtəl/亚里士多德Hethenfiguredouttwocontradictoryoutcomes:becausethetwoballsfellatdifferentspeeds,thelighterballwouldslowdownthefalloftheheavierone;butifthetwoballswereconsideredasawhole,togethertheyweighedmoreandshouldfallfasterthaneachindividualball.Usingthepowerofthemind,GalileowasabletoexposetheparadoxandproveAristotlewrong.接着他想出了两种互相矛盾的结果：因为两个球下落的速度不同，较轻的球会减慢较重的球的下落速度；但如果把这两个球作为一个整体来考虑，它们加在一起的重量更大，应该比每个单独的球下落得更快。伽利略运用思想的力量揭露了这一悖论，证明了亚里士多德是错误的。asawholes作为一个整体,总体上expose揭露；揭穿

However,thoughtexperimentsarenotalwaysaboutprovingsomethingrightorwrongwithadefiniteanswer.Instead,bymakingabstract,complexideasmoreconcreteandaccessible,thoughtexperimentscanstimulatedebateandleadtoamorethoroughunderstandingofthetopicinquestion.然而，思想实验并非总是要用一个明确的答案来证明某件事是对还是错。相反，通过使抽象、复杂的概念变得更加具体和易于理解，思想实验能够引发辩论，让人们对所讨论的问题有更透彻的理解。definite/ˈdɛfɪnɪt/明确的,肯定的,确定的,不会改变的ac·cess·ible/əkˈsesəbl/容易理解的,易懂的inquestion讨论(或议论)中的;有疑问,不确定AfamousexampleistheShipofTheseus,whichwasfirstwrittendownbytheancientGreekphilosopherandbiographerPlutarchinthe1stcentury.Hementionedthatformanycenturies,thepeopleofAthenskepttheoldshipoftheancientGreekheroTheseus.这种思想实验的一个著名例子是“忒修斯之船”，最早由古希腊哲学家和传记作家普鲁塔克在公元1世纪所记录。他提到，几个世纪以来，雅典人一直保存着古希腊英雄忒修斯的旧船。theShipofTheseus/ˈθiːsiəs/忒修斯之船(普鲁塔克记录的思想实验)biog·raph·er

/baɪˈɒɡrəfə(r)/传记作家Plutarch/ˈpluːtɑːk/普鲁塔克(古罗马时代希腊哲学家、传记作家)Overtheyears,alltheoriginalwoodenpartsoftheshipweredamagedandreplacedbythelocalpeople.PlutarchquestionedwhetherthisshipwasstillTheseus’soldship,orwhetheritwasanentirelynewone.Manycenturieslater,theEnglishphilosopherThomasHobbestookthethoughtexperimentonestepfurther:whatifsomeonecollectedalltheoriginalpartsandrebuiltanothership?WhichoftheshipswouldthenbetheshipofTheseus?

多年来，船上所有的原始木制部件都已受损并被当地人替换了。普鲁塔克质疑这艘船是否仍是忒修斯的旧船，还是一艘全新的船。许多世纪之后，英国哲学家托马斯•霍布斯将这项思想实验进一步延伸：如果有人收集了所有原始部件，重建成另一艘船呢？那么哪条船才是忒修斯的船呢？Eventoday,theShipofTheseusstillsparksintensedebateandcontinuestoraisemanyquestionsaboutthenatureofidentity.仍然引发着激烈的争论，并继续提出许多与身份的本质相关的问题。Withhypotheticalsituations,thoughtexperimentsallowustoexploretheoutcomeofagivenhypothesiswhichhasreal-lifesignificance.Theyalsohelpusstretchourmindsbyconfrontingandconsideringdifficultquestions.在假设的情况下，思想实验使我们能够探索具有现实意义的某一给定假设的结果。它们也帮助我们通过面对并思考难题来拓展思维。stretch使竭尽所能,使全力以赴,使发挥出全部本领confront处理,解决(问题或困境);面对,对抗Whynotaskourown“Whatif...”questions?Byadoptingnewandinnovativewaysofthinking,wemayarriveatsurprisingconclusions.为什么不提出我们自己的“如果……将会怎样”的问题呢？通过运用全新且创新性的思维方式，我们也许会得出意想不到的结论。A.UnderstandingthetextPage18A1. Readthewebsitearticleandcompletethechartbelowwiththemainideaofeachparagraph.Thoughtexperimentsaredefinedasexperimentscarriedoutintheimagination.Thoughtexperimentshavealonghistoryandareusedinmanyareas.Thoughtexperimentscanstimulatedebateandleadtoamorethoroughunderstandingofthetopicinquestion.Participatinginthoughtexperimentscanhelpusstretchourminds.

A2.Readthewebsitearticleagaincarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.

1.Whyisitsometimesimpossibletocarryoutexperimentsintherealworld?

2.Inwhatareasarethoughtexperimentsregularlyusedtoday?Duetophysical,ethicalorfinanciallimitations.

Theyareregularlyusedintheareasofphilosophy,economicsandthesciences.3.WhatwastheparadoxexposedbyGalileo?Ifaheavierballandalighteroneweretiedtogetherandfelltotheground,thefalloftheheavierballshouldbesloweddownbythelighterone;however,thetwoballs,whenconsideredasawhole,shouldfallfasterthaneachindividualball.4.WhatquestionsdidThomasHobbesputforwardabouttheshipofTheseus?A3. Inpairs,discussthefollowingquestions.1.Howdoyouthinkthoughtexperimentsaredifferentfromandsimilartoreal‑lifeexperiments?Whatifsomeonecollectedalltheoriginalpartsandrebuiltanothership?WhichoftheshipswouldthenbetheshipofTheseus?Thoughtexperimentsdifferfromreal-lifeexperimentsinthattheyareperformedintheimagination,whilereal-lifeexperimentsaredoneinthephysicalenvironment.Thoughtexperimentscantesttheoriesoutsideoftheboundariessetbythephysicalworld,whereasreal-lifeexperimentsarelimitedbythephysical,ethicalorfinancialfactorsoftheworld.Whenconducted,real-lifeexperimentsareinfluencedbyvariousfactorsinanenvironment,unlikethoughtexperimentsthatareusuallysetinanidealenvironment.

However,thetwotypesofexperimentsharesimilarities.Inbothtypesofexperiment,wesetupasituation,observewhathappens,andthendrawaconclusion.Moreover,bothmustfollowtheacceptedscientificprinciplesofanexperiment,thatis,theymustbesupportedbyindependentlyconfirmedfactualobservationsandtakeplaceinthecontextofwell-developedbackgroundtheory.此外，这两种实验都必须遵循公认的实验科学原则，即必须有经独立证实的事实性观察作为支撑，并且要处于完善的背景理论的框架内进行。accepted/əkˈsɛptɪd/公认的confirmed坚定的，根深蒂固的；已被证实的well-developed精心制作的;发展良好的

2.Theauthorgivesexamplesofsomefamousthoughtexperiments.Whichofthemisthemostimpressivetoyou?Why?

Tome,Galileo’sthoughtexperimentismostimpressive.NotonlydoesitdisproveAristotle’sbeliefthataheavierballshouldfallfasterthanalighterone,butitalsoencouragesustoquestiontheso-called“accepted”truthswhenwedisagreewiththem.Galileo’slogicalreasoningprovidestwoscenariosthatAristotledidnotthinkabout.Bydoingthis,Galileo’sthoughtexperimentshowsusthepowerofthemindandthatwemustnotbeafraidtouseit,evenifitmeansprovingawell-acceptedtheorywrong.3.Whatmightbethedisadvantagesofthoughtexperiments?Supportyouropinionwithreasons.

Thoughtexperiments,especiallyinphysics,donottakeintoconsiderationanyphysicalfactorsfoundintheenvironmentthatmayinfluencetheoutcomeoftheexperiment.Thismeansthatwhatisbeingmentallyobservedmaynotberealisticorapplicabletotherealworld.思想实验，尤其是在物理学领域中的此类实验，并不会考虑实验所处环境中存在的任何可能影响实验结果的物理因素。这意味着在头脑中所观察到的情况可能并不符合实际情况，也不适用于现实世界。ap·plic·able(tosb/sth)

/əˈplɪkəbl/适用；合适Also,thoughtexperimentscanunintentionallyreachincorrectconclusionswhenincorrectassumptionsaremadeorrelevantonesomitted,evenbycapablescientistsorphilosophers.此外，思维实验若在假设设定上出现错误，或者遗漏了关键的假设条件，即便是由经验丰富的科学家或哲学家来进行，也可能无意中得出错误的结论。unintentionally无意地；非故意地；非存心地in·cor·rect

不准确的,不正确的,不真实的;(说话或举止)不合规矩的,不当的,不端的as·sump·tion假定,假设;(责任的)承担,担任,(权力的)获得omit

sth/sb(fromsth)/əˈmɪt/(-tt-)删除,忽略,漏掉,遗漏cap·able能力强的；足以胜任的B.BuildingyourlanguagePage19B1.ThepassagebelowisaboutathoughtexperimentcreatedbyIsaacNewton.Completethepassagewiththecorrectformsofthewordsandphrasesintheboxbelow.meansdepththoroughbecapableofoutcomeaccessiblecarryoutfigureoutIsaacNewton/ˌaɪzəkˈnjuːtən/艾萨克·牛顿（英国物理学家、数学家）depth渊博；深刻；洞察力Wehaveallheardaboutgravity.Weknowthatgravitymakesapplesfalltothegroundandstopsusfromflyingoffintospace.Buthaveyoueverwondered,whenlookingattheMoon,whyitdoesnotcomecrashingdowntotheEarth?Well,thisisaquestionthatalsopuzzledIsaacNewton.Tofindtheanswer,he(1)__________athoughtexperimentwhichisnowknownasNewton’sCannon.carrysth.out履行,实施,执行,落实;完成(任务)Newton’sCannon牛顿大炮(艾萨克·牛顿设计的思想实验)carriedout

Inhisbookpublishedin1687,Newtonimaginedshootingacannonballhorizontallyfromthetopofaveryhighmountain,wheretherewasnoairandconsequentlynoairresistance.Withouttheforceofgravity,thecannonballwouldgoinastraightline.However,astheforceofgravitypullseverythingearthwards,thecannonballwouldtravelinacurveandfinallyreachtheground.

在1687年出版的著作中，牛顿设想从一座非常高的山顶水平发射一枚炮弹，那里没有空气，因此也就没有空气阻力。由于没有重力的作用，炮弹会沿直线飞行。然而，由于重力会将一切物体向地球引力方向拉去，炮弹会呈曲线飞行并最终落到地面。horizontally/ˌhɒrɪˈzɒntəli/水平地；地平地Whenthecannonballwasfiredathigherspeed,itwouldtravelfartherandfartherbeforeithittheground.ThenNewton(2)__________thatattherightspeed,thecannonballwouldfollowexactlythecurveoftheEarth’ssurface,neverfallingtotheground.The(3)________wasthatthecannonballsuccessfullywentintoorbitaroundtheEarth.当炮弹以更高的速度发射时，它会飞得越来越远，直到最终触地。随后牛顿得出结论：在适当的发射速度下，炮弹会沿着地球表面的曲线飞行，永远不会掉到地面。结果就是炮弹成功地进入了绕地轨道。hit到达（某地）figuredoutoutcomeThespeedrequiredforthecannonballtoorbittheEarthis7.9kilometrespersecond.InNewton’sday,therewassimplyno(4)______tofireacannonballatthatspeed.However,Newtonconstructedthisbrilliantthoughtexperimentwithaclevercombinationofhisimaginationandknowledgeofphysics,whichcontributedtoamore(5)_________understandingofgravityasauniversalforce.炮弹绕地球运行所需的速度为每秒7.9公里。在牛顿的时代，根本没有任何办法能将炮弹发射到那样的速度。然而，牛顿凭借其丰富的想象力和物理学知识巧妙地构建了这一精妙的思维实验，这有助于人们更深入地理解引力这一普遍存在的力。meansthoroughNewton’sCannonalsobecamethefirstandmost(6)_________explanationfororbitalmotion.Itwasnotuntilcenturieslater,whenspacerocketswereinvented,thatwe(7)______________testingNewton’sideainreallife.ThankstoNewton’s(8)______ofthinking,manysatellites,routinelyusedforcommunicationandnavigation,orbittheEarth.JustliketheMoon,younowknowwhytheydon’tfallonyourhead!牛顿的“大炮模型”也成为了解释轨道运动的首个且最为通俗易懂的理论。直到数百年后，当太空火箭被发明出来时，我们才得以在实际生活中验证牛顿的这一观点。多亏了牛顿深刻的思考，许多用于通信和导航的卫星围绕地球运行。就像月球一样，现在你明白了为什么它们不会掉到你的头上了吧！routinely/ruːˈtiːnlɪ/例行公事地，常规地；惯常地，毫不意外地accessiblewerecapableofdepthB2.Thewebsitearticleusesanexampletointroducethetopicofthoughtexperiments,whichmakestheintroductionmoreappealingandaccessibletothereader.Findtheexampleinthearticleandwriteasimilarintroductiontoanarticleaboutinventions.Usetheinformationbelowabouttheinnovationofpapertohelpyou.Theexampletointroducethetopicinthewebsitearticle:

Whatwouldweobserveifwetravelledatthespeedoflight?ThisisaquestionAlbertEinsteinaskedhimselfattheageof16.Imagininghimselfpursuingabeamoflight,hereasonedthatheshouldobservesuchabeamoflightasanelectromagneticfieldatrest.Thisintuitivethinkinglaterplayedanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofhisspecialtheoryofrelativity,asEinsteinacknowledgedinhis1949AutobiographicalNotes.ItcametobeknownasoneofEinstein’smostfamousthoughtexperiments.InventorCaiLun(theEasternHanDynasty)Process•Lettingsheetsofwetfibrefloatinthewater•Slowlydrainingthemoistureuntilthepaperwasbonedrydrain/dreɪn/使沥干;沥干mois·ture/ˈmɔɪstʃə(r)/潮气,水汽,水分bonedry完全干燥SignificanceLeadingtoarapidincreaseinpaperproductionTheinventionofpaperintheformwerecognizetodaywasthebrainchildofCaiLun,wholivedduringtheEasternHanDynasty.Thistypeofpaper,calledCaiLunPaper,wasinventedbyusingmaterialsthatwerecheapandeasilyavailable,whichreducedthecostofpaperproduction.CaiLunhadtheideaoflettingsheetsofwetfibrefloatinthewaterforawhile.我们如今所熟知的纸张形式的发明，是由生活在东汉时期的蔡伦完成的。这种被称为“蔡伦纸”的纸张，是通过使用价格低廉且容易获取的材料而发明的，这降低了纸张的生产成本。蔡伦的构想是让湿纤维片在水中漂浮一段时间。brain·child(个人或小群体的)主意,发明,智慧结晶Thesheetsofwetfibrewerethenpressedslowlytodrainthemoistureuntilthepaperwasbonedry.Thismethodprovedtobeasuccessfulandpopularwaytomakepaper.TheinventionofCaiLunPaperledtoarapidincreaseinpaperproduction.然后，这些湿纤维片被缓慢压平以排出水分，直到纸张完全干燥。这种方法被证明是一种成功且受欢迎的造纸方式。蔡伦纸的发明导致了纸张产量的迅速增长。WorkbookPage62ExploringlanguageA.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsofthewordsandphrasesintheboxbelow.alternativetackleoutcometakeprideindisturbingexposeinquestionbesuperiorto1.Thelatestmodel____________previousones,soitissellinglikehotcakes.beselling/goinglikehotcakes非常抢手，非常畅销issuperiorto2.Consideringthemanydrawbacksoffossilfuels,wemustlookfor__________sourcesofenergy.替代能源3.Headoptedatop-downapproachto________theproblem,whichprovedtobeeffective.4.The________ofthenegotiationwasbynomeanssurprising.这次谈判的结果实在不出所料。draw·backof/to(doing)sth缺点;不利条件;障碍top-down(计划、项目等)从总体到具体的,自上而下的,先总后分的;与高层有关的bynomeans/notbyanymeans绝不,一点也不alternativetacklingoutcome5.Myheadteacheralways_________________everybitofprogressmadebyhisstudents.6.Peoplewithmoremusclemassarelesslikelytoloseheatwhen________toseverecold.肌肉量较多的人在暴露于严寒环境中时，散热的几率会更低。7.Thereportcontainssome__________informationandsetspeoplethinkingaboutwhatcanbedonetoimprovethesituation.dis·turb·ing引起烦恼的,令人不安的,引起恐慌的set使处于某种状况；使开始takes/tookprideinexposeddisturbing8.I’mafraidwe’vebeentalkingaboutirrelevantdetails.Let’sgobacktothetopic___________.恐怕我们一直在谈论一些不相关的细节问题了。咱们还是回到正题上来吧。

C.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.Usethewordsandphrasesinthebrackets.Page63inquestion

1.一家有责任感的公司不应该仅仅追求经济上的成功，它还应该致力于对社会作出贡献。(financial)2.过去几十年里，这座城市已经变得让人认不出来了。(recognition)

Aresponsiblecompanyshouldnotaimforfinancialsuccessonly.Itshouldalsomakeacommitmenttomakingcontributionstosociety.

Thecityhaschangedbeyondrecognitionoverthepastdecades.change/alterbeyond/outofrecognition变得面目全非,沧海桑田3.考虑到这个包是手工制作的，它的价格很公道。(consideringthat...)4.那时他发明了一种新的游戏，但遗憾的是，它没有流行起来。(catchon)

Consideringthatthebagishandmade,itspriceisreasonable.

Heinventedanewgameatthattime,butunfortunatelyitdidnotcatchon.un·for·tu·nate·ly不幸地,遗憾地,可惜地,可悲地,=regrettably5.我不太喜欢悲剧，但昨晚我试着看了一下。(giveitashot)6.在关键时刻，我们应该有能力独自应对困难。(becapableof)

Idon’treallyliketragedy,butIgaveitashotlastnight.shotat(doing)sth尝试；努力Atcriticalmomentsweshouldbecapableofdealingwithdifficultiesonourown.7.当你进行体育运动时，心脏会跳得更快，以增加供血。(participatein)8.优秀的建筑师总是很抢手。(indemand)

Whenyouparticipateinsport,thehearthastobeatquickertoincreasebloodsupply.

Goodarchitectsarealwaysindemand.in(great)demand受欢迎的,需求大D.Fillintheblankswithproperwordsorthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebrackets.TheDujiangyanIrrigationSystemislocatedontheMinjiangRiver,inthewestern