高考语法专题复习八：定语从句+课件-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

高考语法专题复习八定语从句在复合句中,修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。考点1关系代词引导的定语从句一、who/whom/whose引导的定语从句

用法示例who和whom指人;who在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whom在定语从句中作宾语,在限制性定语从句中可省略;在口语中可用who代替whom(2022新高考Ⅰ卷,应用文写作)OnbehalfofthosewhofeellikemakingprogressinEnglish,IsincerelyinviteyoutodeliveraspeechinourEnglishprogramat7:00pmonFriday.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷,应用文写作)AbetterwaymightbetohavestudentspracticewithpartnerswhohavesimilarEnglishproficiencyandlearningneeds.用法示例whose既可指人,也可指物;在从句中作定语,表示先行词的所有格,即whose前的先行词和whose之后的名词有所属关系。(口诀:whose前后名,后名属前名)InancientChinalivedanartistwhosepaintingswerealmostlifelike.Helivesinahouse,whosewindowisbroken.二、that/which/as引导的定语从句1.只用that引导定语从句的情况(1)先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代词时。IfIrunintoanything

thatmightinterestyou,I’llsendityourway.如果我遇到你可能感兴趣的东西,我会把它寄给你。(2)先行词被theonly,any,few,no,very等修饰时。Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristhe

only

thing

thatheowned.他家失火后,那辆旧轿车是他唯一的财产了。(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。Thatisthe

best

film

thathaseverbeenshownsofarinthecity.那是迄今为止在这个城市上映的最好的电影。(4)先行词既有人也有物时。Mymotherandheroldfriendstalkedofpersons

and

things

thattheyrememberedintheschool.我母亲和她的老朋友谈论了她们所记得的在学校里的人和事。2.只用which引导定语从句的情况(1)先行词为物,引导非限制性定语从句时。Hisbestmovie,whichwonseveralawards,wasaboutthelifeofGandhi.他最优秀的电影,就是荣获几项大奖的那一部,是关于甘地生平的。(2)先行词为物,关系代词充当介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词之前时。Iboughtagreatmanybooks,on

whichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.我买了很多书,这些书花光了我所有的积蓄。(3)关系词引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时。Readersattractssomanyaudiences,whichmeansthatitbecomesmoreandmorepopularinChina.《读者》吸引了那么多的读者,这意味着它在中国变得越来越受欢迎。3.which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别

引导词位置上搭配上意思上which只能放在先行词的后面无动词的限制这as位置灵活,可位于句首、句中,也可置于句末谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词,如:remember,see,hear,know,expect等正如……,正像……的那样Football,whichisaninterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.全世界都踢足球,这是一项有趣的运动。Asisreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.正如报纸上报道的那样,两国之间的谈判正在取得进展。小题快练单句语法填空①Itisanewmilestoneforthecountry’sshipbuildingindustrybecauseitmarksanendtothetime

Chinacouldn’tdesignandconstructlargecruiseshipsindependently.

②Eventually,thefamilycalledforhelpfromthepolice__________

arrivedwithasearchandrescuedognamedLuketolookforthechild.

③Thelastthreeyearshavebeenthewarmestonrecord,_________

posesexceptionalchallengesglobally.

thatwho/thatwhich④Thebluewhale,weighingmorethaneventhebiggestdinosaurs,isthelargestanimal

haseverlived.

⑤Thenightmarket,

flexibilityprovidesmoreemploymentalternativesforjob-seekers,hasbroughtjoyandfunforconsumers.

thatwhose考点2关系副词引导的定语从句先行词关系副词句法功能与“介词+关系代词”的关系表示时间的名词:time、day、year等when时间状语=at/in/on/duringwhich表示场所的名词:park、place、country、house等where地点状语=at/in/on/towhich表示理由的名词:reasonwhy原因状语=forwhichWewillalwaysrememberthemomentwhenmyclassmateLiChongcrossedthefinishline.我们将永远记得我的同学李冲越过终点线的那一刻。Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,whereweenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.我和朋友一起登上了山顶,在山顶上我们欣赏到了湖光美景。I’mwritingtoexplaintoyouthereasonwhyIwasabsentfromyourlecturelasttime.我写信是想向你解释我上次没去听你讲课的原因。【点津】(1)当先行词为point,situation,case,stage等表示抽象地点的名词时,如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句;(2)当先行词occasion意为“时机”时,用关系副词when;意为“场合”时,用关系副词where;(3)当先行词way意为“方法、方式”,且在从句中作状语时,可用that,inwhich或省略关系词三种形式。Ihavecometothe

point

whereIcan’tstandhim.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。小题快练单句语法填空①Atthattime,everyyearinspring

theTomb-SweepingDaycame,theweatherbecamewarm.

②Thatwasin2008,

someonepaid$14.3millionforalicenseplatewiththenumber“one”onit.

③Ibeganmydailytoursonthebackstreetswithlighttrafficandgraduallycycledtobusierareas

Icouldsharethestreetwithdogwalkers.

④Ihopemypostscanserveastreeholes

theycantalkabouttheireverydaylifeaswellastheirpains,sorrowsandhappiness.

⑤Wehaveenteredintoanage

dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.

whenwhenwherewherewhen考点3“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词若表示人,只能用whom;关系代词若是表示事物,只能用which。类别句法功能示例介词+关系代词(which/whom)状语Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersonto

whomshecouldturnforhelp.在黑暗的街道上,没有一个她可以求助的人。类别句法功能示例介词+whose+名词状语IexpressedmysinceregratitudetoJohn,without

whose

helpIcouldn’thavefinishedmytask.我向约翰表达了我诚挚的谢意,没有他的帮助,我不可能完成我的任务。名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词(which/whom)主语LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,three

of

whichwereEnglishnovels.上周日我从书店买了一些书,其中三本是英文小说。小题快练单句语法填空/单句写作①Thenhetookabreakinaninnandorderedseveraldishes,among________therewasfriedshrimp.

②TraditionalChineseaesthetic(美学的)conceptsarereflectedinthedrumplaying,allof

representdistinctivelocalfeatures.

③我们学校里的老师大多数都是三十多岁,他们把一切都奉献给了我们。

Theteachersofourschool,

,havedevotedthemselvestous.

④我们学校有四千多名学生,大多数都用心学习。Therearemorethan4,000studentsinourschool,

.

whichwhichmostofwhomareintheirthirtiesthemajorityofwhomputtheirheartsintotheirstudies解题思路

感悟高考单句语法填空1.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoute

broughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchoftherichnessofgardeninginEngland.

2.(2024全国甲卷)YellowstonewasthelargestUnitedStatesnationalpark—2.2millionacres—untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,

becameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.

that/whichwhich3.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)Chineseculturalelementscommemorating(纪念)TangXianzu,

isknownas“theShakespeareofAsia”,addaninternationalcharactertoStratford-upon-Avon,WilliamShakespeare’shometown.4.(2024浙江1月卷)Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities—theypricegoodsintheway

willmakethemthemostmoney.

5.(2023全国乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace

welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.

whothat/whichwhich/that6.(2023全国甲卷)Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,

RachelCarsonsaysin“A

Fable

for

Tomorrow”.

7.(2023全国甲卷)“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica_____

alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco-existencewithitssurroundin