【英语】高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)解析版汇编

【英语】高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)解析版汇编一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AgainstthesuppositionthatforestfiresinAlaska,CanadaandSiberiawarmtheclimate,scientistshavediscoveredthatcoolingmayoccurinareaswhereburnttreesallowmoresnowtomirrormoresunlightintospace.

Thisfindingsuggeststhattakingstepstopreventnorthernforesttolimitthereleaseofgreenhousegasesmaywarmtheclimateinnorthernregions.Usuallylargefiresdestroyedforestsintheseareasoverthepastdecade.Scientistspredictthatwithclimatewarming,firesmayoccurmorefrequentlyovernextseveralcenturiesasaresultofalongerfireseason.Sunlighttakeninbytheearthtendstocausewarming,whileheatmirroredbackintospacetendstocausecooling.

Thisisthefirststudytoanalyzeallaspectsofhownorthernfiresinfluenceclimate.Earlierstudiesbyotherscientistshavesuggestedthatfireinnorthernregionsspeedupclimatewarmingbecausegreenhousegasesfromburningtreesandplantsarereleasedintotheatmosphereandthustrapheat.

Scientistsfoundthatrightafterthefire,largeamountsofgreenhousegasesenteredtheatmosphereandcausedwarming.Ozone(臭氧)levelsincreased,andashfromthefirefellonfar-offseaice,darkeningthesurfaceandcausingmoreradiationfromthesuntobetakenin.Thefollowingspring,however,thelandwithintheareaofthefirewasbrighterthanbeforethefire,becausefewertreescoveredtheground.Snowonthegroundmirroredmoresunlightbackintospace,leadingtocooling.

"Weneedtofindoutallpossiblewaystoreducethegrowthofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere."Scientiststrackedthechangeinamountofradiationenteringandleavingtheclimatesystemasaresultofthefire,andfoundameasurementcloselyrelatedtotheglobalairtemperature.Typically,fireinnorthernregionsoccursinthesameareaevery80to150years.Scientists,however,foundthatwhenfireoccursmorefrequently,moreradiationislostfromtheearthandcoolingresults.Specifically,theydeterminedwhenfirereturns20yearsearlierthanpredicated,0.5wattspersquaremeterofareaburnedaresoakedupbytheearthfromgreenhousegases,but0.9wattspersquaremeterwillbesentbackintospace.Theneteffectiscooling.Wattsareusedtomeasuretherateatwhichenergyisgainedorlostfromtheearth.（1）Accordingtothenewfindings,takingstepstopreventnorthernforestfiresmay________.A.

resultinawarmingclimate

B.

causetheforestfirestooccurmorefrequentlyC.

leadtoalongerfireseason

D.

protecttheforestsandtheenvironmentthere（2）ThefollowingarealltheimmediateeffectsafteraforestfireEXCEPT________.A.

largeamountsofgreenhousegasesentertheatmosphereB.

thelevelsofozonewhichisatypeofoxygenincreaseC.

snowonthegroundmirrorsmoresunlightbackintospaceD.

ashesfromthefirefallontheicesurfaceandtakeinmoreradiationfromthesun（3）Earlierstudiesaboutnorthernforestfires________.A.

analyzeallaspectsofhownorthernfiresinfluenceclimateB.

indicatethatforestfireswillpollutetheatmosphereC.

suggestthatpeopleshouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheenvironmentD.

suggestthatthefireswillspeedupclimatewarming（4）Theunderlinedphrase"soakup"inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans________.A.

released

B.

absorbed

C.

created

D.

distributed（5）FromthepassagewecandrawaconclusionthatforestfiresinAlaska,CanadaandSiberiamay________.A.

warmtheclimateasthesuppositiongoesB.

allowmoresnowtoreflectmoresunlightintospaceandthuscooltheclimateC.

destroylargeareasofforestsandpollutethefar-offseaiceD.

helptogainmoreenergyratherthanreleasemoreenergy【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）B（5）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了阿拉斯加、加拿大和西伯利亚的森林大火使气候变暖，科学家们已经发现，在燃烧的树木允许更多的雪将更多的阳光反射到太空的地区可能会发生冷却。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Thisfindingsuggeststhattakingstepstopreventnorthernforestfirestolimitthereleaseofgreenhousegasesmaywarmtheclimateinnorthernregions”这样的措施最终导致了北部地区的气候变暖。故选A。（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Thefollowingspring,however,thelandwithintheareaofthefirewasbrighterthanbeforethefire,becausefewertreescoveredtheground.Snowonthegroundmirroredmoresunlightbackintospace,leadingtocooling.”可知地上的雪反射阳光这是大火的间接的影响，是在第二年春天的时候发生的事情，并不是immediateeffects。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Earlierstudiesbyotherscientistshavesuggestedthatfireinnorthernregionsspeedupclimatewarmingbecausegreenhousegasesfromburningtreesandplantsarereleasedintotheatmosphereandthustrapheat.”可知早期关于北方森林火灾的研究建议大火将加速气候变暖，故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的““0.5wattspersquaremeterofareaburnedaresoakedupbytheearthfromgreenhousegases,but0.9wattspersquaremeterwillbesentbackintospace.”可知该词与sendback该词相反的意思，故应该指吸收，因为sendback指反射。故选B。（5）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“scientistshavediscoveredthatcoolingmayoccurinareaswhereburnttreesallowmoresnowtomirrormoresunlightintospace.”可知从这个研究中得到的结论是B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AfteramorninghikeintheSaneumHealingForest,46-year-oldfirefighterKangByoung-wookhasteamadefromthebarkofanelmtree,practicesyoga(瑜伽),andmakesapicturewithdriedflowers.Heisoneof40firefighterstakingpartinathree-dayprogram,theaimofwhichistooffer"foresthealing"(森林治愈);thefirefightersallhaveposttraumaticstressdisorder(创伤后应激障碍).

SaneumisoneofthreeofficialhealingforestsinSouthKorea.Soontherewillbe34more.SouthKoreans-manyofwhomsufferfromworkstress,digitaladdiction,andgreatacademicpressurehaveacceptedthemedicalizationofnaturewithgreatenthusiasm.

Thereisincreasingevidencethatbeingoutsideinapleasantnaturalenvironmentisgoodforus.Buthowmanyofusgettoenjoynatureregularly?Fewerandfewer,itseems.AccordingtoLisaNisbet,apsychologyprofessoratCanadasTrentUniversity,evidenceforthebenefitsofnatureispouringinatatimewhenwearemostdisconnectedfromit.

"Wedon'tthinkofbeingoutdoorsasawaytoincreasehappiness,"saysNisbet."Wethinkotherthingswill,likeshoppingorTV."ButSouthKoreaisstartingtochallengethisopinion.

SowhataresomeofthebenefitsofnaturethatNisbetrefersto?Beingsurroundedbynaturehasoneobviouseffect:Itcalmsusandreducesourstresslevels.Thishasbeenshowntolowerbloodpressureandheartrates.

AnotherexperimentconductedbypsychologistStephenKaplanfoundthatpeoplewhotooka50-minutewalkinaparkhadbetterattentionandshort-termmemorythanthosewhotookawalkalongacitystreet.

Perhapswhat'smoresurprisingisthatnaturemayalsomakeusmorecreative.DavidStrayer,apsychologistattheUniversityofUtah,showedasmuchwithagroupofparticipants,whoperformed50percentbetteroncreativeproblem-solvingtasksafterthreedaysofwildernessbackpacking.

Infact,wemayneverknowexactlywhatnaturedoestothebrain.Somethingmysteriouswillalwaysremain,andmaybethat'sasitshouldbe.（1）WhatisKangByoung-wookdoing?A.Gettinglostinnature.B.Buildinguphisstrength.C.Tryingtocontrolaforestfire.D.Helpingfirefightersunderstress.（2）WhatdoesLisaNisbetthinkofbeingoutdoors?A.Itisoverlookedbypeople.B.Ithasnothingtodowithhappiness.C.SouthKoreansshowgreatinterestinit.D.Weneedmoreevidenceforitsbenefits.（3）WhatbenefitofnaturedidStephenKaplanfind?A.Itaffectspeople'sfeelings.B.Itlowerstherisksofdiseases.C.Ithelpsimprovementalperformance.D.Itdoesmoregoodthanphysicalexercise.（4）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.YourlifeinforestsB.YourbrainonnatureC.ThefutureofforesthealingD.Thebenefitsofastress-freelife【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由韩国患创伤后应激障碍的消防员接受森林治愈谈起，介绍了大自然对我们身心健康的益处。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“KangByoung-wookhasteamadefromthebarkofanelmtree,practicesyoga(瑜伽),andmakesapicturewithdriedflowers.”可知，KangByoung-wook正在接受森林治愈：品茶、做瑜伽、做手工。他完全沉浸在大自然之中。故选A。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Buthowmanyofusgettoenjoynatureregularly?Fewerandfewer和evidenceforthebenefitsofnatureispouringinatatimewhenwearemostdisconnectedfromit”以及第四段中LisaNisbet所说的话可知，他认为现代人忽视了大自然的重要性，户外活动少了。故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“hadbetterattentionandshort-termmemory”可知，StephenKaplan的研究发现亲近大自然可以提高注意力和短期记忆力，也就是说提高了大脑的工作效率。故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。本文主要介绍了森林治愈和大自然对于人类健康尤其是大脑工作效率和减缓压力方面的益处，故B项作标题最符合文章的主旨。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．犇犇阅读理解

IfplastichadbeeninventedwhenthePilgrimssailedfromPlymouth,England,toNorthAmerica-andtheirMayflowerhadbeenstockedwithbottledwaterandplastic-wrappedsnacks,theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.Atlanticwavesandsunlightwouldhavewornallthatplasticintotinybits.Andthosebitsmightstillbefloatingaroundtheworld'soceanstoday,waitingtobeeatenbysomefishoroyster,andfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.

Becauseplasticwasn'tinventeduntilthelate19thcentury,anditsproductiononlyreallytookoffaround1950,wehaveamere9.2billiontonsofthestufftodealwith.Ofthat,morethan6.9billiontonshavebecomewaste.Andofthatwaste,asurprising6.3billiontonsnevermadeittoarecyclingbin-thefigurethatshockedthescientistswhopublishedthenumbersin2017.

Nooneknowshowmuchunrecycledplasticwasteendsupintheocean,theearth'slastsink.In2015,JennaJambeckaUniversityofGeorgiaengineeringprofessor,caughteveryone'sattentionwitharoughestimatebetween5.3millionand14milliontonsofplasticwasteeachyearjustcomefromcoastalregions.

Meanwhile,oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarine(海洋的）animalseveryyear.Nearly700species,includingendangeredones,areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.Marinespeciesofallsizes,fromzooplanktontowhales,noweatmicroplas-tics,thebitssmallerthanone-fifthofaninchacross.

"Thisisn'taproblemwherewedon'tknowwhatthesolutionis,"saysTedSiegler,aVermontresourceeconomistwhohasspentmorethan25yearsworkingwithdevelopingnationsongarbage."Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodealwithit.Weknowhowtorecycle."It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems,hesays,ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.（1）WhydoestheauthormentionthePilgrimsinparagraph1?A.

Toproveplasticwasdifficulttoinvent.B.

Tointroducewhatmarineanimalslikeeating.C.

TotellthePilgrimscontributedalottothemarineprotection.D.

Toshowplasticwastehasalastingeffectontheocean.（2）What'sthemaintroublemarineanimalsfaceaccordingtothetext?A.

Lackingprotection.

B.

Beingstuckbyplastics.C.

Beingcaughtbyhumans.

D.

Treatingplasticsasfood.（3）WhatdoesTedSieglerwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A.

Somepeopledon'tknowthesolutionofplasticswaste.B.

Plasticswillturntheoceanintoasoupofplastic.C.

It'stimetotakemeasurestodealwithplasticwaste.D.

Peopleshouldavoidusingplasticstoprotecttheocean.（4）Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.

Abiologytextbook.

B.

Atravelbrochure.C.

Anenvironmentalreport.

D.

Alifestylemagazine.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋以及海洋生物带来的危害。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.

”他们的塑料废物很可能在四百年后仍会存在，可知作者提到thePilgrims是为了说明塑料废物对海洋有持久的影响，故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.”一些明显受到伤害，被塑料制成的废弃物品卡住了。可能有更多的人受到无形的伤害。可知选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems,hesays,ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.”他说最好在海洋变成塑料汤之前建立一个必要的机构和制度的问题，可推知选C。（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本题介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋以及海洋生物带来的危害。是一篇环境保护类阅读，因此选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4．犇犇阅读理解

Scientistshavefoundwhattheybelievearepiecesofameteor(流星)thatfelltotheearthlastyear.TheobjectswerediscoveredoffthecoastoftheUnitedStatesinthePacificOcean.

ThecrewoftheNautilus,aprivateresearchship,recoveredtherockparticles(颗粒).TheNautilusisoperatedbytheOceanExplorationTrust.Thegroupsaysitsaimatpresentistoexamineareasoftheoceanthathaveneverbeenexploredbefore.

ThesearchwaslaunchedafterUSgovernmentweatherstationsobservedalargemeteoriteexplodingsomemonthsago.Theexplosionlituptheskyandsenttherockparticlestotheearth.ThemeteoritefallwasthelargestrecordedovertheUnitedStatesinatleast20years.TheteamincludesscientistsfromNASA,theOlympicCoastNationalMarineSanctuaryandtheUniversityofWashington.Thescientistsexaminedwhattheybelieveweretwosmallmeteoritefragments.Furthertestingisneededbeforetheycanconfirmthatthematerialcamefromtheexplosion.

TheNautilusisequippedwithtworemotelyoperatedvehicles(ROVs),calledHerculesandArgus.Theseroboticsubmarineshelpresearchersfindandcollectmaterialsfromtheseafloor.Thefactthattheparticleslandedintheocean,insteadofonland,meanslargerpiecesmayhavesurvivedandcanbestudied.Forthisreason,scientistsdecidedtolaunchthefirstintentionalsearchformeteoritesfromtheocean.Untilthelatestresearch,scientistshadonlyaccidentallydiscoveredasmallnumberofmeteoritesfromdrillingoperations.

Theobjectsrecoveredfromthebottomofthesealikelycamefromtherecentexplosionfortwomainreasons.First,meteoriteparticlesarebasicallymadeofglassymaterialsthatdonottendtolastlonginseawater.Secondly,theycamefromwhatlookedlikeasmallholeontheseafloor.Someevidenceshowsthattheycamefromsomethingthatfell.（1）WhatisthecurrentgoalofthecrewoftheOceanExplorationTrust?A.

Torecovertherockparticles.

B.

Toobservemovementsoftheuniverse.C.

Tostudyunexploredplacesoftheocean.

D.

Toexaminecreaturesoftheexploredocean.（2）Whatmainlycausedthestartofthesearchinthesea?A.

Ahugemeteorshower.

B.

Businessvalueofmeteors.C.

Plentyofnaturalresources.

D.

Thebrainstormofresearchers.（3）Whydothescientistsprefertosearchformeteorsintheocean?A.

Theycanfindmeteorsmoreeasily.

B.

Theymayfindbiggerrockparticles.C.

Theyliketoexplorestrangeseaareas.

D.

Theyhavebettersubmarineequipment.（4）Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A.

Offercluesforthesearch.

B.

Givereasonstosupportaguess.C.

Stresstheimportanceoftheevent.

D.

Describetheprocessofthesearch.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家们发现了他们认为是去年坠落地球的流星碎片。这些物体是在美国太平洋沿岸发现的。一场巨大的流星雨导致了在海中搜索的开始。科学家更喜欢在海洋中寻找流星是因为他们可能会发现更大的岩石颗粒。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Thegroupsaysitsaimatpresentistoexamineareasoftheoceanthathaveneverbeenexploredbefore.”可知，theOceanExplorationTrust的船员目前的目标是研究海洋中未被探索的地方。故选C。（2）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Scientistshavefoundwhattheybelievearepiecesofameteor(流星)thatfelltotheearthlastyear.”可知，一场巨大的流星雨导致了在海中搜索的开始。故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Thefactthattheparticleslandedintheocean,insteadofonland,meanslargerpiecesmayhavesurvivedandcanbestudied.”可知，科学家更喜欢在海洋中寻找流星是因为他们可能会发现更大的岩石颗粒。故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Theobjectsrecoveredfromthebottomofthesealikelycamefromtherecentexplosionfortwomainreasons.”可知，作者在最后一段是想给出支持猜测的理由。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。5．阅读理解

DarrellBlatchley,amarinebiologistandenvironmentalistbasedinthePhilippinecityofDavao,receivedacallfromthePhilippines,BureauofFisheriesandAquaticResources(渔业与水产资源局)earlyFridaymorningreportingadeathofayoungwhale.

Whenthenecropsy(尸检)wasperformed,BlatchleytoldNPR,hewasnotpreparedfortheamountofplastictheyfoundinthewhale'sstomach."Itwasfullofplasticnothingbutnonstopplastic."hesaid"Itwasfilledtothepointthatitsstomachwasashardasabaseball."Thatmeansthatthisanimalhasbeensufferingnotfordaysorweeksbutformonthsorevenayearormore,"Blatchleyadded.

BlatchleyisthefounderandowneroftheD'BoneCollectorMuseum,anaturalhistorymuseuminDavao.Inthecomingdays,themuseumwilldisplayalltheitemsfoundinthewhale'ssystem.BlatchleyandhisteamworkwiththeBureauofFisheriesandAquaticResourcesandotherorganizationstoassistinrescueandrecoveryofmarineanimals.

"Withinthelast10years,wehaverecovered61whalesanddolphinsjustwithintheDavaoGulf,"hesaid."Ofthem,57havediedduetomanwhethertheytookplasticorfishingnetsorotherwaste,orgottencaughtinpollution—andfourwerepregnant."

BlatchleysaidhehopedthatthelatestincidentwouldlaunchtheissueofplasticpollutioninthePhilippinesandacrosstheglobe."Ifwekeepgoingthisway,itwillbemoreuncommontoseeananimaldieofnaturalcausesthanitistoseeananimaldieofplastic,"hesaid.（1）Whatcanheinferredfromthesecondparagraph?A.

Thewhalewasstarvedtodeath.B.

Blatchleywasshockedatwhathefound.C.

Thedeadwhalemusthaveswallowedabaseball.D.

Blatchleydidn'tmakepreparationsforthenecropsy.（2）WhatwillbeshownintheD'BoneCollectorMuseum?A.

Wastecollectedfromtheocean.

B.

Thewholesystemofthewhale.C.

Thingsfoundinthewhale'sbody.

D.

Manydifferenttoolsofwhaling.（3）WhatdoesBlatchleythinkofplasticpollutioninthePhilippines?A.

Uncommon.

B.

Worrying.

C.

Inspiring.

D.

Mild.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.

AWhaleFoundDeadofPlastic

B.

StandUpforProtectingWhalesC.

PlasticThreateningOurExistence

D.

NaturalDeathorMercilessMurder【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一只鲸鱼因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，这引发了人们对海洋塑料污染的担忧。（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“hewasnotpreparedfortheamountofplastictheyfoundinthewhale'sstomach”可知，布拉奇利在鲸鱼的胃里发现了大量的塑料，他对此毫无准备，这是他意想不到的，由此可知，布拉奇利对他的发现感到震惊，故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Inthecomingdays,themuseumwilldisplayalltheitemsfoundinthewhale'ssystem.”可知，在鲸鱼体内发现的东西将在这座自然博物馆中展出，故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Ifwekeepgoingthisway,itwillbemoreuncommontoseeananimaldieofnaturalcausesthanitistoseeananimaldieofplastic,”可知，布拉奇利说如果我们继续这样下去，动物因吃塑料死亡的情况比自然死亡更为常见，由此可知，他对菲律宾的塑料污染很担忧，故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了一只鲸鱼因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，这引发了人们对塑料污染的担忧，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

NASAhasanewjoblisting,andit'snojoke.TheUSspaceagencyislookingfora"joker"tojointheirplannedmissiontoMars.

AmissiontoMarsisnolaughingmatter.Onaverage,theredplanetis140millionmiles(225millionkilometers)awayfromEarth.Atriptherewouldtakearoundeightmonthsinasmallspacecraft.AndMarshasacommunicationsdelayof20minutes.Thismeansthatastronautswillhavetowait20minutesforareply,whenanemergencyhappens.

"Whenyou'relivingwithothersinaconfinedspaceforalongperiodoftime,suchasonamissiontoMars,problemsarelikelytooccur,"JeffreyJohnson,ascientistattheUniversityofFlorida,toldTheGuardian.

ThisisprobablywhyNASAwantsanastronautwithasenseofhumor."Thesearepeoplethathavetheabilitytopulleveryonetogether,"Johnsonsaid.

Instressfulsituations,perhapshumorisawaytoknowwearen'talone.Bylaughingtogether,weshareourstress.Thenwecanfocusonourjobsinsteadofjustworrying.

Thereareotherexamplesofteam"clowns".OneexampleisthejourneytotheSouthPoleledbyNorwegianexplorerRoaldAmundsen.Itwasadifficultjourneyfullofdanger.AdolfLindstrom,acookatAmundsen'steam,wasa"clown".Hemadepeoplelaughthroughthewholejourney.AmundsenlaterwrotethatLindstromwasthemostvaluablememberoftheteam.

Butifyou'rehopingthatyourfavoriteTVcomedianwillflytoMars,thatprobablywon'thappen.

"Beingfunnywon'tbeenoughtolandsomebodythejob,"Johnsonsaid."Theyalsoneedtobeanexcellentengineer."

Besides,theymustbeintopphysicalcondition.（1）WhatisNASA'snewjoblisting?A.

Afunnyengineer.

B.

Atalentedclown.

C.

Agoodcook.

D.

Apopularcomedian.（2）Whatdoes"aconfinedspace"inParagraph3referto?A.

afullspace

B.

anemptyspace

C.

anopenspace

D.

asmallspace.（3）Howdoestheauthorthinkhumorcanhelpastronauts?A.

Itcanstopthemfromfeelingbored.

B.

Itcanpromoteteamworkonamission.C.

Itcanmakethemfeellesshomesick.

D.

Itcanhelpthemknowthemselvesbetter.（4）What'stheauthor'spurposeofgivingtheexampleofthecook?A.

Totellusthatwhatexplorerseatontheirjourneyisveryimportant.B.

Toprovethatanamateurcanplayamoreimportantrolethanaprofessional.C.

Tomakethepointthathumorouspeoplecancheerpeopleupindifficultsituations.D.

TorevealthatamissiontoMarsismoredifficultthanajourneytotheSouthPole.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由美国宇航局寻找一位幽默的工程师来和宇航员一起执行航天任务介绍了幽默对宇航员的重要作用。（1）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“‘Beingfunnywon'tbeenoughtolandsomebodythejob,’Johnsonsaid.‘Theyalsoneedtobeanexcellentengineer.’”可知，美国宇航局的新工作是幽默的工程师，故选A。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“suchasonamissiontoMars,”可知，与在地球上生活的宽广空间不同，在火星任务中，你需要和其他人一起在狭小的航天器内生活很长一段时间，由此可知画线词词义为“狭小的空间、有限的空间”，故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Theseare.peoplethathavetheabilitytopulleveryonetogether,”可知，幽默的人有能力把每个人都团结在一起，也就是说幽默能够促进宇航员在任务中的团队合作，故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Instressfulsituations,perhapshumorisawaytoknowwearen'talone.Bylaughingtogether,weshareourstress.”可知，在压力大的情况下，幽默是一种减压的方式，第六段第一句话又说有很多团队小丑的例子，紧接着举厨师的例子就是为了证明这一点，即：幽默的人能使人在困难的情况下振作起来，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Orthopedicpillowsarenotjustlikeanyotherordinarypillow.Theseproductsarespeciallymadetofulfillaspecificfunction.

Peoplebuyorthopedicpillowsforseveralreasons.Sometimespeoplebuythistypeofpillowbecausetheirdoctorhasspecificallyrecommendedthemtodosoaspartofatreatmentandmanagementplanforneck,back,orboneproblems.Inrecentyears,peoplehavebecomemoreawareofthesciencebehindorthopedicpillows,whichaccountsfortheincreaseinthepopularityofthesepillows.Therehasbeenalotofavailableorthopedicpillowinformationforanyoneinterested.Thesciencebehindthesepillowshasalsoadvancedsignificantlyovertheyears,whichmeansthatorthopedicpillowsarenowmoreeffectiveandusefulthanever.

Orthopedicpillowshelpyoumaintaintherightgesture.Whiletraditionalpillowsmaybeverycomfortable,theydonotnecessarilypromotethepropergestureasyousleep,whichisprovedtobeimportantforyourhealth.Italsohelpsyouavoidwakingupwithahostofbodyachesandpains.Amongthemostcommoncausesofbackandneckpainsissleepingwithoutadequatesupport.Orthopedicpillowscanprovideyouwiththenecessarysupportthatwillkeepthesekindsofbodypainsaway.Thepillowisspecificallydesignedtoconformtothenaturalcontours(轮廓)ofyourbody,thusensuringthatyourskeletalstructureiskeptinproperalignment(直线)throughoutthenightandthatnopartofyourbodyissubjectedtotoomuchpressure,whichleadstopain.

Ofcourse,itisunderstandablethatyoumayfindanorthopedicpillowabituncomfortablethefirsttimeyouuseit,butthatistruewithanynewexperience.Thematerialsusedinmanufacturingthesepillowsareidealforthekindofsleepthatyouarelookingfor.

Justlikeanyproductinthemarket,thereisadisadvantagetoanorthopedicpillowaswell.Theyareusuallymoreexpensivethantraditionalpillows.But,ifyoutreatthepurchaseasaninvestmentonyourhealth,itmaybealoteasierforyoutopartwiththecash.（1）Whatmakesorthopedicpillowsincreasinglypopular?A.

People'sworriesaboutsleeploss.B.

Doctors'specificrecommendation.C.

Theadvancementofmedicalsciences.D.

Theirgoodeffectsondecreasingbackandneckpains.（2）Orthopedicpillowsaresuperiortotraditionalpillowsmainlyinthat________.A.

materialsusedinorthopedicpillowsaremuchmoreidealB.

orthopedicpillowspromotethepropersleepingpostureC.

orthopedicpillowsmaymakesleepersmorecomfortableD.

people'sbodypainswillbecuredbyusingorthopedicpillows（3）Whatcausesbodypainswhenoneissleepingaccordingtothepassage?A.

Properalignment.

B.

Athickquilt.

C.

Theskeletalstructure.

D.

Lackofsupport.（4）Whatdoestheauthorthinkoforthopedicpillows?A.

Theyarejustworththeprice.

B.

Theycanbearalittlepressure.C.

Theyhelpcurepeople'sdisease.

D.

Theyhaveshortcomingsinfunction.（5）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.

Theimpactsofpillowsonpeople'shealth.B.

Themarketprospectoforthopedicpillows.C.

Benefitsanddrawbacksofusingorthopedicpillows.D.

Scientificsecretsbehindorthopedicpillows.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）D（4）A（5）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了矫形枕头的功用及其优缺点。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Sometimespeoplebuythistypeofpillowbecausetheirdoctorhasspecificallyrecommendedthemtodosoaspartofatreatmentandmanagementplanforneck,back,orboneproblems.Inrecentyears,peoplehavebeco