研究生考试教育部考试中心英语试卷

研究生考试教育部考试中心英语试卷考试时长：120分钟满分：100分班级：__________姓名：__________学号：__________得分：__________试卷名称：研究生入学考试英语试卷考核对象：报考研究生英语科目的考生题型分值分布：-判断题（共10题，每题2分，计20分）-单选题（共10题，每题2分，计20分）-多选题（共10题，每题2分，计20分）-案例分析（共3题，每题6分，计18分）-论述题（共2题，每题11分，计22分）总分：100分---一、判断题（共10题，每题2分，计20分）请判断下列表述的正误。1.Theword"ubiquitous"iscommonlyusedtodescribesomethingthatiswidespreadandeasilyaccessible.2.Thepassivevoiceshouldalwaysbeavoidedinacademicwritingtoenhanceclarity.3.Theterm"cognitivedissonance"wasfirstcoinedbypsychologistLeonFestingerinthe1950s.4.Inthesentence"Sheisreadingabook,"theverb"isreading"isinthepresentcontinuoustense.5.Thesubjunctivemoodisfrequentlyusedinformallegaldocumentstoexpresshypotheticalsituations.6.Thenovel1984byGeorgeOrwellissetinadystopiansocietyruledbyatotalitariangovernment.7.Theterm"paradigmshift"isoftenassociatedwiththescientificrevolutionandtheadoptionoftheheliocentricmodel.8.Theword"myriad"istypicallyusedtodenotealargebutunspecifiednumberofthings.9.Thephrase"aHerculeantask"isanidiomthatmeanssomethingextremelydifficulttoaccomplish.10.Theterm"zeitgeist"referstothedefiningspiritofaparticularperiodinhistory.---二、单选题（共10题，每题2分，计20分）请从每题的四个选项中选择最符合题意的答案。1.Whichofthefollowingwordsisanantonymfor"frivolous"?A.SereneB.MundaneC.ImbuedD.Trivial2.Thesentence"Thecommitteehasbeenmeetingsinceyesterday"isanexampleof:A.PresentperfectcontinuoustenseB.PastperfecttenseC.PresentperfecttenseD.Futureperfecttense3.Inthecontextofacademicwriting,whichofthefollowingisconsideredastrongthesisstatement?A."Climatechangeisaproblem."B."Manyfactorscontributetoclimatechange,andhumanactivitiesareamongthemostsignificantcontributors."C."Somepeoplethinkclimatechangeisreal,whileothersdonot."D."Climatechangeaffectstheenvironment."4.Theword"myopic"ismostsimilarinmeaningto:A.VisionaryB.ShortsightedC.PragmaticD.Idealistic5.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofthepassivevoice?A."Thestudentsweregiventheassignmentbytheteacher."B."Theteacherassignedthestudentstheassignment."C."Theassignmentwasgiventothestudentsbytheteacher."D."Thestudentshavegiventheassignmenttotheteacher."6.ThenovelToKillaMockingbirdbyHarperLeeprimarilyexploresthemesof:A.SpaceexplorationandaliencontactB.RacialinjusticeandmoralgrowthC.ThedeclineoftheAmericanSouthinthe1930sD.Theriseoftechnologyinthe21stcentury7.Theterm"epistemology"referstothestudyof:A.ThenatureofrealityB.ThenatureofknowledgeC.ThehistoryofphilosophyD.Themethodsofscientificinquiry8.Thephrase"theballisinyourcourt"means:A.ThesituationisbeyondyourcontrolB.ItisyourresponsibilitytotakeactionC.TheballisphysicallyinyourpossessionD.Youshouldwaitforsomeoneelsetomakeadecision9.Theword"serendipity"ismostcloselyrelatedto:A.CarelessnessB.LuckC.DeliberationD.Calculation10.Theterm"zeitgeist"ismostoftenusedtodescribe:A.AspecifichistoricaleventB.TheculturalmoodofaparticulareraC.AphilosophicaltheoryD.Ascientificdiscovery---三、多选题（共10题，每题2分，计20分）请从每题的五个选项中选择所有符合题意的答案。1.Whichofthefollowingarecommonfeaturesofacademicessays?A.ClearthesisstatementB.CrediblesourcesC.PersonalanecdotesD.LogicalorganizationE.Creativestorytelling2.Thepassivevoiceisoftenusedinacademicwritingtoemphasize:A.ThesubjectperformingtheactionB.TheobjectoftheactionC.TheprocessratherthantheactorD.Theauthor'sauthorityE.Thetimeoftheaction3.ThenovelTheGreatGatsbybyF.ScottFitzgeraldexploresthemessuchas:A.TheAmericanDreamB.SocialstratificationC.TheRoaringTwentiesD.ThedeclineoftraditionalvaluesE.Theimportanceoffamilybonds4.Theword"ubiquitous"ismostcommonlyassociatedwith:A.TechnologyB.NatureC.HumanbehaviorD.SocialtrendsE.Historicalevents5.Thesubjunctivemoodisusedinsentenceslike:A."IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepttheoffer."B."Hesuggestedthatsheshouldleaveearly."C."Itisimportantthatwearriveontime."D."Sheishappythathecalledher."E."Ifitwerenotforyourhelp,Iwouldnothavesucceeded."6.Theterm"cognitivedissonance"ismostrelevantto:A.PsychologyB.MarketingC.PhilosophyD.EducationE.Sociology7.Thephrase"aHerculeantask"isoftenusedtodescribe:A.AtaskthatrequiresimmensestrengthB.AtaskthatisextremelydifficultC.AtaskthatisenjoyableD.AtaskthatiseasilyaccomplishableE.Ataskthatisirrelevanttothesituation8.Theword"zeitgeist"ismostcommonlyusedtodescribe:A.ThespiritofthetimesB.AspecifichistoricalperiodC.AculturaltrendD.AphilosophicalideaE.Ascientifictheory9.Thefollowingareexamplesofstrongthesisstatements:A."Thisessaywilldiscussthecausesofclimatechange."B."Climatechangeiscausedbyhumanactivities,industrialization,andnaturalfactors,anditposessignificantthreatstotheenvironment."C."Manypeoplebelieveclimatechangeisamyth."D."Climatechangeisaseriousissuethatrequiresimmediateattention."E."Thisessaywillnotdiscussclimatechange."10.Theword"myriad"ismostcommonlyusedtodescribe:A.AlargenumberofthingsB.AsmallnumberofthingsC.AnunspecifiedquantityD.AspecificcountE.Arareoccurrence---四、案例分析（共3题，每题6分，计18分）请根据以下案例进行分析。1.CaseStudy1:Aresearcheriswritingapaperontheimpactofsocialmediaonmentalhealth.Thefollowingsentenceappearsintheintroduction:"Theproliferationofsocialmediaplatformshasledtoamyriadofpsychologicaleffectsonindividuals,someofwhicharebeneficial,whileothersaredetrimental."Analysis:-Isthesentencegrammaticallycorrect?-Whatcouldbeimprovedintermsofclarityandconciseness?-Howmightthesentenceberephrasedtoenhanceitsacademictone?2.CaseStudy2:Astudentiswritinganessayontheroleoftechnologyineducation.Thefollowingsentenceappearsinthebody:"Ifstudentsweretousetechnologymoreeffectively,theywouldbeabletolearnmoreefficiently."Analysis:-Istheuseofthesubjunctivemoodappropriatehere?-Whatisthemainideathestudentistryingtoconvey?-Howmightthesentenceberephrasedtoavoidgrammaticalerrorswhilemaintainingtheintendedmeaning?3.CaseStudy3:Ajournalistiswritinganarticleabouttherecentadvancementsinrenewableenergy.Thefollowingsentenceappearsintheconclusion:"Thefutureofrenewableenergyisbright,anditisinourhandstomakeadifference."Analysis:-Isthesentenceeffectiveinsummarizingthearticle'smainpoints?-Whatcouldbeimprovedintermsofspecificityandimpact?-Howmightthesentenceberephrasedtomakeitmorecompellingandinformative?---五、论述题（共2题，每题11分，计22分）请就以下题目进行论述。1.EssayTopic1:Discusstheimportanceofunderstandingthesubjunctivemoodinacademicwriting.Provideexamplesofhowitsproperusecanenhancetheclarityandsophisticationofwrittenwork.2.EssayTopic2:Analyzetheroleofstrongthesisstatementsinshapingthestructureandargumentofanessay.Provideexamplesofeffectivethesisstatementsandexplainhowtheyguidethereaderthroughtheessay.---标准答案及解析一、判断题（共10题，每题2分，计20分）1.√2.×（Thepassivevoicecanbeusefulinacademicwritingtoemphasizetheactionorobjectratherthanthesubject.)3.√4.√5.√6.√7.√8.√9.√10.√解析：-1."Ubiquitous"meanswidespreadandeasilyaccessible,whichalignswithitscommonusage.-2.Thepassivevoiceisnotinherentlybad;itsavoidanceshoulddependoncontext,notnecessity.-3.LeonFestingerdidcointheterm"cognitivedissonance"inthe1950s.-4."Isreading"isinthepresentcontinuoustense.-5.Thesubjunctivemoodisoftenusedinformallegaldocumentstoexpresshypotheticalorcontrary-to-factsituations.-6.1984issetinadystopiansocietyruledbyatotalitariangovernment.-7.Theterm"paradigmshift"isassociatedwiththescientificrevolutionandtheheliocentricmodel.-8."Myriad"denotesalargebutunspecifiednumberofthings.-9."AHerculeantask"meanssomethingextremelydifficult.-10."Zeitgeist"referstothedefiningspiritofaparticularperiod.二、单选题（共10题，每题2分，计20分）1.B2.A3.B4.B5.C6.B7.B8.B9.B10.B解析：-1."Mundane"isanantonymfor"frivolous."-2."Thecommitteehasbeenmeetingsinceyesterday"isinthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.-3.OptionBprovidesaclear,arguablethesisstatementwithspecificpoints.-4."Myopic"meansshortsighted.-5."Theassignmentwasgiventothestudentsbytheteacher"isacorrectuseofthepassivevoice.-6.ToKillaMockingbirdprimarilyexploresthemesofracialinjusticeandmoralgrowth.-7."Epistemology"isthestudyofthenatureofknowledge.-8."Theballisinyourcourt"meansitisyourresponsibilitytotakeaction.-9."Serendipity"referstoluck.-10."Zeitgeist"ismostoftenusedtodescribetheculturalmoodofaparticularera.三、多选题（共10题，每题2分，计20分）1.A,B,D2.B,C3.A,B,C,D4.A,D5.A,B,C,E6.A,B,D,E7.A,B8.A,C9.B,D10.A,C解析：-1.Academicessaysshouldhaveaclearthesis,crediblesources,andlogicalorganization.Personalanecdotesandcreativestorytellingarelesscommon.-2.Thepassivevoiceemphasizestheobjectorprocessratherthantheactor.-3.TheGreatGatsbyexplorestheAmericanDream,socialstratification,theRoaringTwenties,andthedeclineoftraditionalvalues.-4."Ubiquitous"isoftenassociatedwithtechnologyandsocialtrends.-5.Thesubjunctivemoodisusedinhypothetical,contrary-to-fact,andformalcontexts.-6."Cognitivedissonance"isrelevanttopsychology,marketing,education,andsociology.-7."AHerculeantask"describesataskrequiringimmensestrengthordifficulty.-8."Zeitgeist"describesthespiritofthetimesandculturaltrends.-9.Strongthesisstatementsarespecific,arguable,andguidetheessay'sstructure.-10."Myriad"describesalarge,unspecifiednumberofthings.四、案例分析（共3题，每题6分，计18分）1.CaseStudy1:-GrammaticalCorrectness:Yes.-Improvements:Thesentencecouldbemoreconcise.-Rephrasing:"Theproliferationofsocialmediaplatformshaspsychologicaleffectsonindividuals,somebeneficialandothersdetrimental."2.CaseStudy