雨课堂学堂在线学堂云《20世纪西方文学理论（华北电力）》单元测试考核答案

第1题Inthelatenineteenthcentury,literarycriticismwasmainlyconcernedwith________.Asocio-politicalissuesBliteraryissuesCphilosophicalissues第2题Greatcriticsofthenineteenthcenturywerebasically________,whodidmostlyimpressionisticcriticism.AjournalistsBwritersCprofessors第3题RussianFormalismappearedasareactionagainst________.ASymbolismandAcmeismBSymbolismandFuturismCAcmeismandFuturism第4题RussianFormalismisrathercloselylinkedto________,sharingthesameinterestforthephonicstructureoftheverseandthesameoppositiontoSymbolismandRealism.ACubismBFuturismCImagism第5题TheFormalistsadvocatea________attitudetowardsliterature.AphilosophicalBliteraryCscientific第6题AccordingtoRomanJakobson,“Theobjectofthescienceofliteratureisnotliterature,but________.”AsocietyBliterarinessCauthors第7题________isthekeyconceptofRussianFormalism,whichmeans“makingstrange.”ADefamiliarizationBFamiliarizationCAlienation第8题Theconceptof________,whichistheinevitableprocessbywhichanyartisticobjectbecomeshabitual,banalandlosesitspowerasanartisticobject,isthelogicalcorollaryofdefamiliarization.AautomatizationBcompositionCforegrounding第9题Thesiuzhetisthedefamiliarizingnarrativeversionofthe________.AcontentBformCfabula第10题RussianFormalismdemystifiesthefigureofthe________tothepointofconsideringhim/hersecondarytotheworkofliterature.AauthorBreaderCcritic第1题PsychoanalyticcriticismoriginatedintheworkofAustrianpsychoanalyst________whosetheoriesaredirectlyandindirectlyconcernedwiththenatureoftheunconsciousmind.ASigmundFreudBCarlJungCAlfredAdler第2题CarlJung’semphasisisonwhathecalls________.AcollectiveunconsciousBindividualunconsciousCherdmentality第3题________treatstheunconsciousasalanguage.AErnestJonesBNorthropFryeCJacquesLacan第4题ThroughouthiscareerFreuddevelopedthreemodelsofthehumanpsyche:thedynamicmodel,theeconomicmodel,andthe________model.ApoliticalBtopographicCcultural第5题Freud’stripartitemodeldividesthepsycheintothreeparts:theid,theego,andthe________.AovermanBsuperegoCoversoul第6题InTheInterpretationofDreams,Freudassertsthatthe________expressesitssuppressedwishesanddesires.AunconsciousBsubconsciousCconscious第7题AccordingtoJung,thehumanpsycheconsistsofthreeparts:the________conscious,thepersonalunconscious,andthecollectiveunconscious.ApersonalBimpersonalCcollective第8题________arepatternsofimagesofrepeatedhumanexperiencessuchasbirth,death,rebirth,thefourseasons,andmotherhood,tonameafew,thatexpressthemselvesinourstories,dreams,religionsandfantasies.AArchetypesBStereotypesCMonotypes第9题LikeFreud,Lacandevisesatripartitemodelofthehumanpsyche,whichconsistsofthreeparts,orwhatLacancallsorders:TheImaginary,theSymbolic,andthe________.ASubstantialBSurrealCReal第10题AttheheartofLacan’stheoryandhisunderstandingofthehumanpsycheislackand________.Wehavelongingsforlove,forphysicalpleasure,andforcountlessobjects,butnothingcanfulfillourdesiretoreturntotheImaginaryOrderandbeatonewithourmother.AwholenessBfragmentationCunityexercises第1题Structuralismcanbebrieflysummarizedasatheoryofliteraturethatfocusesonthecodesandconventionsthatundergirdalldiscourseandonthesystemof________asafunctioningtotality.AvaluesBthoughtsClanguage第2题StructuralismwasbasedonthetheoriesestablishedbyFerdinandde________,aSwissprofessorandlinguistofthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcentury.ASaussureBFoucaultCDerrida第3题TheauthorofCourseinGeneralLinguisticsstudiedlanguageinthe________way.AanachronicBdiachronicCsynchronic第4题Saussureusedtheword“________”torefertothestructureofthelanguagethatismasteredandsharedbyallitsspeakers.AlangueBparoleCutterance第5题Saussureusedtheword“________”torefertotheindividual’sactualspeechutterancesandwriting.AlangueBparoleCdiscourse第6题Saussurearguedthatawordisalinguisticsignconsistingoftwoinseparableparts:signifierand________.AsignifiedBreferenceCsymbol第7题Becauseanindividualworkcanexpressonlythevaluesandbeliefsofthesystemofwhichitisapart,structuralistsemphasizethesystem()whereby________relatetoeachother,nottheexaminationofanisolatedtext().AauthorsBtextsCideas第8题BorrowingandfurtherdevelopingSaussure’swork,________declaresthatalllanguageisitsownself-enclosedsystembasedonbinaryoppositions.ALevi-StraussBBarthesCFoucault第9题Bythemid-1970s,________becamethevoiceofstructuralisminAmerica.AJonathanCullerBGerardGenetteCTzvetanTordorov第10题TheauthorofStructuralistPoetics(1975)shiftsthefocusofstructuralismfromthetexttothe________.AhistoryBreaderCauthorexercises第1题Deconstructionisananti-traditionaltrendofthoughtoverwhelminglyassociatedwiththeideasof________,theFrenchphilosopher.AJean-PaulSartreBMichelFoucaultCJacquesDerrida第2题DerridasubvertedthemetaphysicaltraditionoftheWest,thesocalled“________”,andannouncedthedeathofstructuralismatitsclimax,initiatinganewcriticalmovementintheUnitedStates.AhomocentrismBlogocentrismCeurocentrism第3题________isanumbrellaterm,referringtoawiderangeofthoughtsincludingthedeconstructionofJacquesDerrida,thelatecriticismofRolandBarthes,theNewHistoricismofMichelFoucault,thepsychoanalyticrevisionismofJacquesLacan,andpsychologicaltheoriesofJuliaKristeva,GillesDeleuzeandFelixGuattari,amongothers.APoststructuralismBPostmodernismCStructuralism第4题TheprecursorsofDerridaincludeGermanphilosophers________

(1844-1900)andMartinHeidegger(1889-1976),whoquestionedthelong-heldWesterntraditionalconceptssuchas“knowledge”,“truth”and“identity.”AFriedrichNietzscheBImmanuelKantCEdmundHusserl第5题Asamethodofliterarycriticism,deconstructionwasassociatedwiththeworksofthe________,AYaleSchoolBOxfordSchoolCHarvardSchoolDHillisMiller,HaroldBloom,andGeoffreyHartman.第6题Astheleadingfigureofdeconstruction,Derridafirstdeconstructsthe________inFerdinanddeSaussure’sstructuralismandgoesontodeconstructthelogocentrismintheWesternmetaphysicalwayofthought.Awriting-centrismBethnocentrismCphonocentrism第7题ForDerrida,________istheendlessdisplacementofmeaningwhichbothgovernslanguageandplacesitforeverbeyondthereachofastable,self-authenticatingknowledge.AwritingBspeechCdiscourse第8题Derridasubvertsthehierarchyinvolvedinbinaryoppositionsofmetaphysicsinorderto________.AreversethehierarchyBestablishanothercenterCdissolvetheexistenceofacenter第9题Fordeconstruction,languagerefersneithertothingsintheworldnorconceptsofthings,butonlytotheplayof________ofwhichlanguageitselfconsists.Therefore,meaningcannotbedetermined,norcanlanguagebetrustedtorepresentthereality.AsignifiedsBreferentsCsignifiers第10题DerridacoinedtheworddifferancefromtheFrenchverbdifférerwhichmaintainsthesenseofdifferingand________toreferto‘aconfigurationofspatialandtemporaldifferencetogether.’AdistinctionBdeferringCdeferenceexercises第1题Against

thebackgroundofWomen’sRightsandWomen’sSuffrage

movements,the

first-wavefeminism

ofthe19thandearly20thcenturies,focusedon

women’s____,especiallytherighttovote.AlegalrightsBhumanrightsCfamilyrights第2题Influenced

by___,second-wavefeminismofthe1960sand1970sprovoked

extensivetheoreticaldiscussionabouteveryareaofwomen’s

experienceincludingpolitics,work,the

family,

and

sexuality,

whichmarkstherealbeginningoffeministcriticism.APoliticalRightsMovementBCivilRightsMovementCFamilyRightsMovement第3题Oneoftheimportantprecursorsofthefirst-wavefeminismoffeministcriticismis___,theBritishwriterandcritic,whowasfamousforhercreativewritingcharacteristicofstreamofconsciousnesstechnique.AMaryEagletonBJudithShakespeareCVirginiaWoolf第4题VirginiaWoolfrecognizesthegenderidentityas___constructed:inthepatriarchalsociety,womenareregardedasintellectuallyinferiortomen.AsociallyBpoliticallyCeconomically第5题Woolfalsoexpressestheconceptof___inanartist’smind.“Ifoneisaman,stillthewomanpartofthebrainmusthaveeffect;andawomanalsomusthaveintercoursewiththemaninher.”AhomosexualityBheterosexualityCandrogyny第6题Thegoalofthefeministstrugglemustpreciselybetodeconstructthedeath-dealingbinaryoppositionsof____.AMasculinityandfemininityBFamilyandsocietyCPoliticsandeconomics第7题DeBeauvoir’s___(1949)marksthetransitionfromthe“first-wavefeminism”tothe“second-wavefeminism,”amuchmoreradicalcriticalmode.ATheSecondSexBTotheLighthouseCARoomofOne’sOwn第8题Whilesharingwiththefirst-wavefeministstheconcernwiththematerialdisadvantagesofwomen,sheturnsherattentiontothegreatdifferencesbetweenthetwosexesandlaunchesanattackonmen’s___againstwomeninbiological,psychologicalandeconomicterms.AcriticismBdiscriminationCaffection第9题Beauvoirargues:“Womanisdefinedanddifferentiatedwithreferencetomanandnothewithreferencetoher;sheistheincidental,theinessentialasopposedtotheessential.Heisthesubject,heistheAbsolute—sheis___”.AtheOtherBtheOneCtheObject第10题InherSexualPolitics(1969),withwide-ranginganalysiscoveringhistory,literature,psychoanalysis,sociologyandmanyotherareas,KateMillettgivesapowerfulcritiqueofpatriarchalculturebyilluminatingitsmechanismshecallsas_____.AthehomosexualpoliticsBtheheterosexualpoliticsCthesexualpolitics.exercises第1题“Amodeofanalysisthatseeshistoryasaformofwriting,discourse,orlanguage.Thisnewhistoricismabandonsanynotionofhistoryasanimitationofeventsintheworldorareflectionofexternalreality.Instead,itregardshistoryas____withgapsorrupturesbetweenepistemes--modesofthoughtandwaysofknowingthatcharacterizeagivenhistoricalmoment.”AanimitationofactionsBaspeciesofnarrativeCaspeciesofmovements第2题NewCriticismconsiderstheliterarytextas_____withanexistenceofitsown,independentofandnotnecessarilyrelatedtoitsauthor,itsreaders,thehistoricaltimeitdepicts,orthehistoricalperiodinwhichitwaswritten.Therefore,atextisanorganicwholeinwhichallpartsfittogetherandsupportoneoverarchingtheme.AnarrativewaysBhistoricaleventsCanartifactorobject第3题HoldingadifferentopinionfromtheNewCritics,Greenblattandhiscolleaguesrefusedtoregardaliterarytextasan___realmnotrelatedwithotherformsofculturalproduction.AautonomousaestheticBautonomousCAesthetic第4题Duetothebroaderconcernswithculture,history,literature,andmanyotherfactorsthatcontributetothedeterminationofatext’smeaning,Greenblattandhisfollowersprefertousetheterm____todescribetheirapproachtotextualanalysisthandoesNewHistoricism.A“culturalpoetics”B“mirror”C“historicpoetics”第5题Differentfrommanypasthistorians,Foucaultdoesnotsee_____ofhistoryfromthebeginningtotheend.Nordoesheconsiderhistoryasnecessarily

teleological,developinginaforwardwaytoadefiniteend.Historycannotbeinterpretedasaseriesofcausesandeffectsunderthecontrolofsomemysteriousdestinyoranall-powerfuldeity.Aanon-lineardevelopmentB

alineardevelopmentCa

dynamic

process第6题AsFoucaultclaimsinthepreface,“Iamnotconcerned,therefore,todescribetheprogressofknowledgetowardsanobjectivityinwhichtoday’ssciencecanfinallyberecognized;whatIamattemptingtobringtolightis___,theepistemeinwhichknowledge,envisagedapartfromallcriteriahavingreferencetoitsrationalvalueoritsobjectiveforms,groundsitspositivityandtherebymanifestsahistorywhichisnotthatofitsgrowingperfection,butratherthatofitsconditionsofpossibility;inthisaccount,whatshouldappeararethoseconfigurationswithinthespaceofknowledgewhichhavegivenrisetothediverseformsofempiricalscience.Suchanenterpriseisnotsomuchahistory,inthetraditionalmeaningofthatword,asan‘archaeology’.”AtheepistemologicalfieldBthehistoricalfieldCThemethodologicalfield第7题InFoucault’sview,historyisaformof___.Eachhistoricalperiodorpeopledevelopsitsownepistemewhichhasthepowertocontrolhowthatperiodorpeopleviewsreality.AregulationBpowerCdiscipline第8题Sincenoonecanavoidbeingshapedbytheepistemesinwhichtheylive,historiansmustrealizethattheirthoughts,valuesandactionsareinfluencedandprejudicedbytheepistemesoftheirownera.Therefore,historianscanneverbetotally___abouttheirownoranyotherhistoricalperiodorpossessanobjectiveknowledgeofhistory.AobjectiveBsubjectiveCSubversive第9题Geertzbelievesthatthereis“_____,”culturebeingdefinedbyGeertzas“asetofcontrolmechanisms—plans,recipes,rules,instructions,”forthegoverningofbehavior.Eachperson,then,mustbeviewedasa“culturalartifact.”AnohumannaturedependentofcultureBallhumannatureindependentofcultureCnohumannatureindependentofculture第10题TheyalsoapplyGeertz’santhropologicalmethodologyfordescribingtheseeminglyinsignificantdetailspresentinanyculturalpractice.Geertzcallsthismethodology“___”,thatis,thecloseanalysis,or“reading,”ofaparticularsocialproductionoreventforthepurposeofrecoveringthemeaningsithasforthepeopleinvolvedinit,aswellastodiscover,withintheoverallculturalsystem,thenetworkofconnections,codes,andmodesofthinkingwithwhichtheparticularitemisimplicated,andwhichinvesttheitemwiththosemeanings.AthickwritingBthickdescriptionsCthindescriptionsexercises第1题“TheHolyTrinity”ofpostcolonialcriticsinclude____,_____,and_____.AEdwardSaid,GayatriChakravortySpivak,HomiBhabhaBEdwardSaid,GayatriChakravortySpivak,HelenTiffinCEdwardSaid,HomiBhabha,RanajitGuha第2题“Neocolonialism(inthemodernworld)referstopoliticalcontrolbyanoutsidepowerofacountrythatisintheorysovereignandindependent,esp.throughthedominationofitseconomy.”Fromthisdefinition,weknowthisis_____ofcolonialdomination.Afterthenationalliberationmovements,thecontroloftheformercoloniesbyimperialpowerscontinuedinthisnewform.AadirectwayBanindirectwayCanindependentway第3题Thetermneo-colonialismisbasicallyusedinthepoliticalanddiplomaticcircles,focusingonthecritiqueofthepolitical,economicormilitaryconflicts,whereasthetermpostcolonialism,isusedmainlyinthecirclesof______.ApoliticalcriticismBliteraryandculturalcriticismCeconomicalcriticism第4题Postcolonialstudiesemergedinthelate1970sundertheinfluenceoftheground-breakingbook

____bythePalestinian-AmericanscholarEdwardSaid.ATheLocationofCultureBOrientalismCCultureandImperialism第5题WhatisOrientalism?ByOrientalism,Saidmeansthreeinterdependentthings:anacademicdiscipline,astyleofthoughtandacorporateinstitutionfor_____.AdealingwiththeOrientBdealingwiththeOccidentCdealingwiththewestandeast第6题AsSaidstates,“Takingthelateeighteenthcenturyasaveryroughlydefinedstartingpoint,OrientalismcanbediscussedandanalyzedasthecorporateinstitutionfordealingwiththeOrient—dealingwithitbymakingstatementsaboutit,authorizingviewsofit,describingit,byteachingit,settlingit,rulingoverit:inshort,OrientalismasaWesternstylefordominating,restructuring,andhavingauthorityovertheOrient.”(SaidOrientalism3)Fromthisdefinition,wecanseethecloselinkbetweenOrientalismand____.AdiscourseBhistoryCcolonialism第7题ThefollowingisanexampleSaidcitesfromFlaubert’sdescriptionofthespectacleoftheOrient:“Toamusethecrowd,MohammedAli’sjestertookawomaninaCairobazaaroneday,setheronthecounterofashop,andcoupledwithherpubliclywhiletheshopkeepercalmlysmokedhispipe.”(Said

Orientalism

103)OrientalismisamodeofknowingtheOrientbyconstructingitas_____.AtheinferiorotherBthesuperiorotherCtheinferiorself第8题In“____”(1988),SpivakappliesthetermtothecontextoftheThirdWorld(especiallyIndia)toreferto“subsistencefarmers,unorganizedpeasantlabor,thetribalsandcommunitiesofzeroworkersonthestreetorinthecountryside”.AACritiqueofPostcolonialReasonBInOtherWorlds:EssaysinCulturalPoliticsC“CantheSubalternSpeak?”第9题HomiK.

Bhabha’stheoryof___hasinfluencedthestudiesonnationandculturalidentityintheglobalpostcolonialcontextandputforwardtheconcretestrategiesfortheThird-worldcriticstoentertheacademicmainstreamanduttertheirownvoice.

AdialogictheoryBhybridityCPostcolony第10题Bhabha’sconceptofhybridityiscloselyrelatedtoanotherimportantconcept,“___”,

whichisalsoafunctionofhybridity.Throughit,thecolonizedhascopiedorappropriatedthecolonialculture,customsandvalues,andthroughthisprocess,thecolonizedhasbecomeasubjectof“almostthesamebutnotquite”.Thissimilarityanddifferencethreatentheauthorityofcolonialdiscourse,andatthesametimeeffectivelydeconstructsthedualitybetweenthecolonizersandthecolonized.AmimicryBimitationCcopyexercises第1题AccordingtoAmanUllahGondal,“GenderStudiesisaninterdisciplinaryfieldthatexamines___asasocialandculturalconstruction.Drawinguponacademicareassuchashistory,psychology,popularculture,literarycriticism,andanthropology,themajorcrossesandblendstheboundariesoftraditionaldisciplines.”AmaleBgenderCfemale第2题ForButler,feminist“we”isakindofillusoryconstruction_____,and“constructionitselfonlythroughtheexclusionofsomepartoftheconstituencythatitsimultaneouslyseekstorepresent.”AcompromisingtheinherentcomplexityanduncertaintyBagreeingtheinherentcomplexityanduncertaintyCdenyingtheinherentcomplexityanduncertainty第3题WithreferencetoWittigandRich’sworks,JudithButler(1990)usestheterm“___”tospecifythegridofculturalintelligibilitythroughwhichbodies,genderanddesiresarenaturalized.AheterosexualmatrixBhomosexualmatrixCsingle-sexualmatrix第4题AccordingtoJudithButler,genderisperformative,whichisanactnotabeing.______isthecoreofJudithButler’sgendertheory.A“Sexperformativity”B“Genderperformativity”C“Maleperformativity”第5题

Constativeutteranceandperformativeutterancearetwobasicspeechacts.____canmakethetrueandfalsestatementsofafact,whileperformativeutterancejustmeansthattheutterancedoessomethingorthesayingisdoingwiththeillocutionaryforce.Forexample,themarriageceremonyinJ.L.Austin’sperformativitysuggeststhat“Ipronounceyou…”putsintoeffecttherelationthatitnames.

AConstativeutteranceBPerformativeutteranceCConstructiveutteranc