2026年科目一英文题题库及答案

2026年科目一英文题题库及答案

一、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1.ThecapitalcityofFranceis______.2.Thelargestplanetinoursolarsystemis______.3.Theprocessbywhichplantsmaketheirownfoodiscalled______.4.ThemaincomponentoftheEarth'satmosphereis______.5.Thesmallestunitoflifeis______.6.Thechemicalsymbolforgoldis______.7.Thelongestriverintheworldisthe______.8.Thestudyoflivingorganismsiscalled______.9.TheforcethatpullsobjectstowardstheEarthis______.10.Theplanetknownasthe"RedPlanet"is______.二、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.TheEarthisthethirdplanetfromtheSun.()2.Waterboilsat100degreesCelsiusatsealevel.()3.TheGreatWallofChinaisvisiblefromspace.()4.Thehumanhearthasfourchambers.()5.Thespeedoflightisapproximately299,792kilometerspersecond.()6.TheAmazonRiveristhelongestriverintheworld.()7.Dinosaursbecameextinct65millionyearsago.()8.TheMoonorbitstheEarth.()9.TheelementOxygenhasthechemicalsymbolO.()10.TheSaharaDesertisthelargesthotdesertintheworld.()三、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.Whichofthefollowingisarenewableenergysource?A.CoalB.SolarC.NaturalgasD.Nuclear2.Whatistheprimaryfunctionofthekidneysinthehumanbody?A.ToproduceredbloodcellsB.ToregulatebloodpressureC.TofilterwastefromthebloodD.Tocontrolbloodsugarlevels3.Whichplanetisknownforitsstrongwindsandthickatmosphere?A.VenusB.MarsC.JupiterD.Saturn4.Whatistheprocesscalledwhenwaterchangesfromaliquidtoagas?A.FreezingB.EvaporationC.CondensationD.Sublimation5.Whichofthefollowingisamajorcauseofglobalwarming?A.VolcaniceruptionsB.ForestfiresC.GreenhousegasemissionsD.Solarflares6.Whatisthesmallestunitofmatter?A.AtomB.MoleculeC.IonD.Electron7.Whichofthefollowingisafunctionoftheliver?A.ToproduceinsulinB.TobreakdowntoxinsC.TostorebloodD.Toregulatebodytemperature8.WhatisthemaincomponentoftheEarth'scrust?A.IronB.SiliconC.OxygenD.Carbon9.Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofalivingorganism?A.AbilitytomoveB.AbilitytogrowC.AbilitytoreproduceD.Alloftheabove10.WhatisthetermforthestudyoftheEarth'sphysicalfeatures?A.OceanographyB.GeologyC.MeteorologyD.Biology四、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1.Describetheprocessofphotosynthesisinplants.2.Explaintheroleofthehumanimmunesystem.3.Discusstheimportanceofwaterinthehumanbody.4.DescribethelayersoftheEarth'satmosphere.五、讨论题（每题5分，共20分）1.Discusstheimpactofdeforestationontheenvironment.2.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofrenewableenergysources.3.Discussthecausesandeffectsofclimatechange.4.Discusstheimportanceofspaceexploration.答案和解析一、填空题答案1.Paris2.Jupiter3.Photosynthesis4.Nitrogen5.Cell6.Au7.Nile8.Biology9.Gravity10.Mars二、判断题答案1.√2.√3.×4.√5.√6.×7.√8.√9.√10.√三、选择题答案1.B2.C3.C4.B5.C6.A7.B8.B9.D10.B四、简答题答案1.Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsusesunlight,carbondioxide,andwatertoproduceglucoseandoxygen.Thisprocessoccursinthechloroplastsofplantcells,wherechlorophyllcapturessunlight.Thechemicalequationforphotosynthesisis6CO2+6H2O+lightenergy→C6H12O6+6O2.2.Thehumanimmunesystemisresponsibleforprotectingthebodyagainstpathogenssuchasbacteria,viruses,andfungi.Itconsistsofvariouscells,tissues,andorgansthatworktogethertoidentifyandeliminateharmfulsubstances.Theimmunesystemincludestheinnateimmunesystem,whichprovidesimmediatedefense,andtheadaptiveimmunesystem,whichdevelopsaspecificresponsetopathogens.3.Waterisessentialforthehumanbodyasitservesnumerousfunctions.Itisinvolvedinmaintainingbodytemperature,transportingnutrientsandoxygentocells,removingwasteproducts,lubricatingjoints,andprotectingorgansandtissues.Dehydrationcanleadtovarioushealthissues,includingfatigue,dizziness,andkidneyproblems.4.TheEarth'satmosphereisdividedintoseverallayersbasedontemperatureandcomposition.Theselayersincludethetroposphere,stratosphere,mesosphere,thermosphere,andexosphere.Thetroposphereisthelowestlayer,wheremostweatherphenomenaoccur.Thestratospherecontainstheozonelayer,whichprotectstheEarthfromharmfulultravioletradiation.Themesosphereisthecoldestlayer,andthethermosphereiswheretemperaturesincreasewithaltitude.Theexosphereistheoutermostlayer,graduallymergingwithouterspace.五、讨论题答案1.Deforestationhasseveralnegativeimpactsontheenvironment.Itleadstolossofbiodiversityasforestsarehometonumerousplantandanimalspecies.Itcontributestoclimatechangebyreducingthenumberoftreesthatabsorbcarbondioxide.Deforestationalsocausessoilerosion,astreerootshelpstabilizethesoil.Additionally,itcanleadtothedisplacementofindigenouscommunitiesandthelossofvaluableforestresources.2.Renewableenergysourceshaveseveraladvantages,includingreducinggreenhousegasemissionsanddependenceonfossilfuels.Theyaresustainableandcanbereplenishednaturally.However,renewableenergysourcesalsohavedisadvantages,suchashigherinitialcostsanddependenceonweatherconditions.Forexample,solarenergyisaffectedbycloudcover,andwindenergydependsonwindavailability.3.Climatechangeiscausedbytheincreaseingreenhousegasemissions,primarilycarbondioxide,fromhumanactivitiessuchasburningfossilfuelsanddeforestation.Theeffectsofclimatechangeincluderisingglobaltemperatures,meltingiceca