河北省沧州市名校联考2024-2025学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题（含答案）

第第页河北省沧州市名校联考2024-2025学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题一、ALookingforthebestaquariums(水族馆)intheworld?FromJapantoAmerica,andfromEuropetoAustralia,theworldisfilledwithuniqueandimpressiveaquariumsthatdisplaythousandsofbeautifulandamazingseaanimals.DubaiAquarium&UnderwaterZoo,UnitedArabEmiratesNotonlyisithometotheworld'slargestcollectionofsandsharks,buttheDubaiAquarium&UnderwaterZoohousestheworld'slargestsuspended(悬挂的)aquarium.Enjoythisexperienceviabehindthescenesaccessorthroughaglass-bottomboat.Ripley'sAquariumofCanada,CanadaEnjoythescenicwondersofover16,000exotic(奇异的)seaandfreshwateranimalsatRipley'sAquariumofCanada.Openedin2013,itisoneofthreeaquariumsownedbythefamousRipley'sEntertainmentcompanyandhasmorethan10galleriesshowcasingwildlifefromaroundtheworld.OsakaAquariumKaiyukan,JapanOpenedin1990,OsakaAquariumKaiyukanoffersarichcollectionofwildlifenativetotheRingofFireareaofthePacificOceanshowcasingunderwateramong27tanksand16mainexhibits.ItsNewInteractiveAreaalsoallowsvisitorsanup-closeinterfacewiththeanimals,creatinganunforgettableexperience.ChimelongOceanKingdom,ChinaLookingforacombinedaquariumandthemeparkexperience?Openedin2014,theChimelongOceanKingdomhasitallwithadynamicmixofamusementrides,animalshows,andtheworld'slargestoceanarium.ChimelongOceanKingdomishometoavastvarietyofseaanimals,suchasrarewhalesharks,polarbears,etc.1．Whichaquariumholdstherecordfortheworld'slargesthangingtank?A．DubaiAquarium&UnderwaterZoo. B．Ripley'sAquariumofCanada.C．OsakaAquariumKaiyukan. D．ChimelongOceanKingdom.2．WhatcanvisitorsdoinOsakaAquariumKaiyukan?A．Enjoyamusementrides.B．Haveacloseinteractionwiththeanimals.C．See16,000exoticseaandfreshwateranimals.D．Watchtheworld'slargestcollectionofsandsharks.3．Whatdothefouraquariumshaveincommon?A．TheyarelocatedinAsia.B．Theywereopenedinthe20thcentury.C．Theyhavealargecollectionofseaanimals.D．Theyletvisitorsinteractcloselywiththeanimals.二、BEightengineeringenthusiastsfromtheNetherlandshavebuilttheworld'slongestbicycle.Measuringanincredible55.16metres,it'saroundthesamelengthastwobluewhales.Thepreviousrecordwassetin2020byBernieRyan(Australia),whosebikemeasured47.5metres.Theteamwasledby39-year-oldIvanSchalk,who'sbeenplanningthissincehewasachild.Hesaid,"I'vebeenthinkingabouttheideaforyears.IoncereceivedaGuinnessWorldRecordsbookinwhichIcameacrossthisrecord."Thisrecordhasbeenbrokennumeroustimesoverthepast60years.Itwasfirstsetin1965byabicyclebuiltinCologne,Germany,measuring8metres.Withahistoryofbuildingdecorationsonfloats,Ivanstartedthisprojectin2018tofillhissparetime.Needinghelptobuildthegiantbicycle,hesoughtoutteammembersatthelocalcarnivalinhishomevillageofPrinsenBeek."Prinsenbeekisknownforitsvolunteersandforhavingmanypeoplewhocandoskilledjobs,"Ivansaid."YoucanhangoutinfrontoftheTV,butwe'renotlikethathereinPrinsenbeek.Wehavethetechnicalknowledgeandwanttoapplythisknowledgetothemaximum."Buildingthebicyclewasalongprocess.Thefrontandbackpartswereproducedin-house,whilethecenterpiecewaspurchasedfromacompanythatproduceslongsteelstructures.Forthepurposesofthisrecord,abicycleisdefinedasapedaled(踏板的)vehiclewithtwowheels,onebehindtheother,steered(驾驶)withhandlebarsattachedtothefrontwheel.Yearsofcalculationsandconstructionfinallyledtotheofficialrecordtry,wheretwooftheteam—oneupfrontsteeringandanotheratthebackpedaling-rodethebicycleovera100-metredistancetoachievetheGuinnessWorldRecordstitle.Theyalsoachievedanotherrecordforthelongesttandem(多人的)bicyclebyaddingmorepedalsandcompletingthedistancewithmultipleriders.4．WhatinspiredIvanSchalktostarttheprojectofbuildingtheworld'slongestbicycle?A．Adreamsincehischildhoodafterreadingabook.B．Theneedforanewmeansoftransportation.C．Anassignmentgivenbyhisengineeringclass.D．Achallengeinitiatedbyanotherengineer.5．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethepeopleofPrinsenBeek?A．Lazyandunproductive.B．Selfishanduncooperative.C．Well-trainedandnoble-minded.D．Technically-skilledandcommunity-minded.6．WhatcanweknowaboutthebicyclebuiltbyIvanSchalk'steam?A．Itmeasures47.5metres. B．Itwasentirelyhandmade.C．Ittooklittletimetocomplete. D．Itcanberiddenbytwopersons.7．Wheremightthistextbetakenfrom?A．Anewsreport. B．Atravelmagazine.C．Ascientificjournal. D．Asciencefiction.三、CYoumayhaveboughtadrinkrecentlyandnoticedsomethingodd:theonceremovablecapisnowtethered(拴住)tothebottlebyasmallpieceofplastic.InJuly,theEUmadeanewpolicy,requiringthatallsingle-usebottleshavecapsthatremainattached.Thisisoneofseveralpoliciesdesignedtolimittheamountofplasticlitter—particularlythecapsfromsingle-useplasticbottleswhicharefarmorelikelytofindtheirwayintotheenvironmentandbringabigrisktowildlife.ProducershaveincludedthetetheronbottlessoldacrosstheEuropeanmarket,includingintheUK.Itistimeeveryonegotonboard.Inmyopinion,thistinyadjustmentisthefirsteffectiveanti-litteringpolicythatcontemporarypoliticshascomeupwith.Thedesignofaproductaffectshowreadilyitbecomeslitter,andthisisespeciallytrueforbottlecaps.Tetheredcapsarenoteasilyremovedfromplasticbottles—theyaredifficulttothrowawayevenifsomeonewantsto.Plasticbottlecapsarenowamongthetoptenlitteritemsfoundinriversandtheocean.IntheUK,2023beachsurveyslistedbottlecapsasthethirdmostcommontypeoflitter,whileontheDutchNorthSeacoastline,surveysrecordedupto128bottlecapsforeachkilometerofbeachin2016.Itisworthnotingthatrecyclinghasneverbeenarealisticsolutiontotheoverproductionofplastic.Legislation(立法)couldsolvesomeoftheissuescomingfromtetheredlids(附着瓶盖).TheUKaimstoestablishanationalbottlereturnsystem,andwillneednewsystemsforhandlingmixed-materialrecyclinganyway(notonlybottlesandlids,butcoffeecups,tetrapacksandstraws,amongotheritems).Elsewhere,legislationcouldsoonfineproducersthatfailtoaddresstheenvironmentalconsequencesofthepackagingtheyhavemade.Tryingtosolvelitteringbyaskingthepublictostopisnotworking.Tetheredbottlecapsarearefreshingideathatputstheonusonthosepumpingoutmillionsoflitter-ableitemsinthefirstplace.Thismeansthatthedutytoreducelitterfallsonthecompaniesthatproducetheseitems,ratherthanjustonindividualstocleanupafterthem.8．WhatisthepurposeoftheEUpolicyrequiringtetheredcapsonsingle-usebottles?A．Toreduceplasticlitter.B．Toincreaserecyclingrates.C．Tostandardizebottledesign.D．Topromotetheuseofreusablebottles.9．Howdoestheauthordevelophisargumentinparagraph3?A．Bylistingfigures. B．Bymakingacomparison.C．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect. D．Byfollowingtheorderoftime.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"onus"inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Stress. B．Responsibility.C．Punishment. D．Initiative.11．Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?A．TheProblemwithPlasticBottleCapsB．TheFailureofPublicLitteringEffortsC．TheEU'sNewBottleCapPolicyD．TheImportanceofMixed-MaterialRecycling四、DThetwelvenewrestaurantsaddedtotheMichelinGuidethismonthwillbedrinkingtotheirsuccess.BeingintheguidebookofaformertirecompanythatnowreviewsrestaurantsisthefirststeptogettingaMichelinstar,whichisthemostdesiredprizeinhigh-qualitydining.YetaccordingtoaresearchrecentlypublishedintheStrategicManagementJournal,asourceofculinary(烹饪的)intelligence,restaurantsmightbebetteroffremainingstarless.DanielSandsofUniversityCollegeLondon'sschoolofmanagementtrackedthefortunesofrestaurantsthatopenedinNewYorkin2000—2014andreceivedastarredreviewintheNewYorkTimes.Hefoundthat,ofthispromisinggroup,establishmentswhichwentontogetaMichelinstarweremorelikelytoclosedownintheyearsthatfollowedthanthosewhichdidnot.Therelationshipremainedevenwhenfactorssuchaslocation,priceandtypeofcuisineweretakenintoaccount.Alltold,40%ofrestaurantsawardedMichelinstarsin2005–2014hadclosedbytheendof2019.AMichelinstarboostspublicity:thestudyfoundthatGooglesearchintensityrosebyoverathirdfornewlystarredrestaurants.Butthatfamecomesataprice.First,MrSandsargues,therestaurants'customerschange.Beinginthecenterofpublicattentionraisesdiners'expectations.Meetingguests'greaterdemandspilesonnewcosts.Second,theawardputsastar-shapedtargetontherestaurants'back.Businessestheydealwith,suchasingredientsuppliersandlandlords,usetheopportunitytochargemore.Chefsalsowanttheirpaytoshowthey'vewonanawardandmightgettakenawaybyotherbusinesses.Foodisnottheonlyindustrywhereawardsareamixedblessing.Someresearchsaysthatcompanieswithbosseswhowonawardsdon'tdoaswellastheyusedtooraswellasothercompanieswhosebossesdidn'twinawards.LikeMichelin-starredchefs,superstarCEOsdemandfatterpaypacketsandaremoreeasilydistracted(分心),spendingmoretimewritingbooks.Inpublishing,too,awardsbringdanger.Prizewinningbooksarereviewedmorestrictlythanbeforetheirsuccess,andworsethanrunners-up.12．WhatisthefirststeptowardsreceivingaMichelinstar?A．Winningafoodaward.B．Beingrecommendedbyatyre-maker.C．BeinglistedintheMichelinguidebook.D．ReceivingastarredreviewintheNewYorkTimes.13．WhatdidDanielSands'researchsuggestaboutrestaurantsthatreceivedaMichelinstar?A．Theyhadbetterfoodquality.B．Theyweremorelikelytoboom.C．Theyhadhighercustomersatisfaction.D．Theyweremorelikelytoclosedown.14．What'sthemainideaofparagraph3?A．HowtowinMioholinstar.B．Howrestaurantsboostpublicity.C．ThecostofgainingMicholinstar.D．Micholinstar'sinfluenceonrestaurants.15．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Awardsmayhavenegativeefforts.B．Foodindustriesbenefitfromawards.C．Michelin-starredchefsarethebest.D．CEOswithawardsaremoresuccessful.五、第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）Manypeoplearenevertaughtetiquette(礼节)rulesaroundgreatsorroworhowtotalkaboutdeath、whichcanleadtosomeunfortunatemistakes.Expressingcomfortintherightwayisnotaneasythingforyou.Remember,firstandforemost:Peoplewhoarefeelingsorrowneedtobeengagedwithkindnessandsympathy.16．Then,findbetteralternativesthatoffertrueconcernandsupport.Hereareafewimportantblanketguidelines.Don'tuseplatitudes(陈词滥调).Think:commonsayingslike"sendingthoughtsandprayers"or"everythingwillworkoutforthebest."17．Instead,aimforsympatheticconnectionsthataresincere,heartfeltwordsindividualizedtothatperson.Dotailoryourstatementtotherelationship.18．Forinstance,someonewhohaslostaparentmayneedtohearsomethingalittledifferentthansomeonewholostahighschoolfriend.Whensomeoneisexperiencingintensesorrow,youshouldn'ttryto"fix"itorexplainit.Saythisinstead:"Tellmeabouthim/her."19．It'sperfectlyfinetosaysomethinglike,"Idon'tknowwhattosayrightnow,butI'msosorryforyourloss."Empathy(共情)isapowerfulformofsupport.Youcanjustbeherewiththeminthismoment.Doapologizeifnecessary.Evenwhenyougointoitwiththebestofintentions,therearesomemistakespeopleoftenmakewhentalkingaboutsorrow.Forexample,whenyouunderstandablywanttoloveandsupportthem,butyourwordsdon'talwayscomeacrossassupportiveorcomfortingastheymeanthemtobe.Mistakesandmisunderstandingsareunavailable.20．A.Doadmityouarenervous.B.Aboveall,figureoutcommonphrasestoavoid.C.Dotellyouknowwhattheyaregoingthrough.D.Don'tclaimthatyoufullyknowwhattheyaregoingthrough.E.Thekeyistofacethem,offeranapologyanddobetternexttime.F.Thesetypesofimpersonalmessagescanmakethesuffererfeeldismissedandunheard.G.Acknowledgetherelationshipthatthesorrowfulpersonhadtothepersonwhohaspassedon.六、阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Imagineshowingupatagrocerystorelateatnight,onlytofinditcompletelyunstaffed.InTelAviv,that'sexactlywhathappened.TheincidentoccurredonaFridaynight,thestore'speakshoppinghours.Thecashierwhohadbeenassignedto21．theregistertookillandleftsuddenly,withnooneelse22．forhelp.Theowner,ShikoAltid,alsodidn'tfindoutthatthestorewasunmannedforanentirehour,untilonecustomercalledthepolice,who23．theowner,Altidhad24．panickedonhearingthatthestorewasleft25．andopen."Inapanic,Iimmediately26．thesecuritycameras,expectingtosee27．withproductsthrowneverywhereinthestore,Altidexplained,"Tomy28．,justminutesafterthecashierleft,thecustomersbegantoscan(扫描)theproductsthemselves."Altidsaidthathisregularcustomerseven29．themselvesasvolunteercashier,"Onecustomerstayedatthe30．for15minutes,checkingoutonepersonafteranotherandleavingthemoneyintheregisterwithreceipts,"Altidsaid.Theyeventriedto31．howtoworkthecreditcardmachine,andeverytimethecashdraweropened,theyquickly32．ittoavoidanymisunderstandingsortheft.Theyevengaveeachotherthecorrect33．fromtheregister.Ilatercheckedboththeregistersandthecameras,andnothingwasmissing!Itwasincredible."Icouldn'tthankthemenough.Withouttheir34．andkindness,thenightcouldhaveunfoldedintoa(n)35．,"saidAltid.21．A．man B．upgrade C．repair D．replace22．A．remembered B．praised C．prepared D．reached23．A．comforted B．contacted C．greeted D．questioned24．A．initially B．gradually C．temporarily D．consequently25．A．abandoned B．unattended C．empty D．messy26．A．adjusted B．activated C．checked D．observed27．A．violence B．quietness C．loss D．chaos28．A．delight B．surprise C．confusion D．anxiety29．A．appointed B．introduced C．elected D．identified30．A．register B．store C．shelf D．desk31．A．thinkabout B．callup C．figureout D．reflecton32．A．locked B．examined C．shut D．recorded33．A．receipt B．reward C．total D．change34．A．courage B．honesty C．optimism D．encouragement35．A．promotion B．blessing C．disaster D．escape七、第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ChineseconsumersarepursuingmorepersonalizedandflexibletraveloptionsfortheNationalDayholiday,withsignificantincreases36．(see)inbookingsforself-drivingtoursandindependenttravel.Bothtraditionalculturaltoursandautumnshortjourneysaregaining37．(popular).Runningaweek,theNationalDayholidaystandsasthelastlongholidayoftheyear,38．(lead)toaconsiderableincreaseinflexibleschedulingbyconsumers.AsofSept20,bookingsofflightsandhotelsduringtheholidaybothexceeded(超过)39．(level)recordedduringthesameperiodlastyear,Tuniusaid.Theholidayisthebesttime40．(enjoy)fallfoliage(秋季彩叶).SomeofthemostpopulardomesticdestinationsincludeHuangguoshuWaterfallinGuizhouprovince,41．standsasthelargestwaterfallinAsia;LushanMountainaswellasHuangshanMountaininAnhuiprovince.Takingself-drivingtours42．(emerge)asoneofthemostpopularmodesoftravelforChineseconsumersinrecentyears.FortheNationalDayholiday,43．increasingnumberoftravelersarechoosingtotakehigh-speedtrainstotheirdestinations,andthenrentcarsforself-drivingexperiences.44．(remarkable),morefemaletravelershaveembarkedonself-drivingtours.Frombeacheswithbreathtakingviews45．vastgrasslands,womenhavebeentravelingfurther.八、第一节（满分15分）46．假定你是李华，原定和Jim等5人组团参加即将到来的校园英文短剧比赛。不幸的是，你受伤住院无法参加排练，请你给小组负责人Jim写一封信。内容包括：1.说明原因；2.推荐李明作为你的替补参加排练；3.预祝取得好成绩。注意：1.词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。参考词汇：排练rehearsalDearJim,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua九、第二节（满分25分）47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ItwasacoldNovembernight.Theairwasfresh,andtheautumnleavesmadeapatternofredandyellowonthestreets.Iwaswalkinghomefromschool,mymindlostinthoughtsofupcomingexams,whenInoticedanelderlymanstrugglingwithaheavyboxatthecornerofthestreet.Hewasoutofbreath,hisfaceflushed(红)fromtheeffort,anditwasclearheneededhelp.Iapproachedhim,myheartfilledwithsympathy."Sir,doyouneedsomeassistance?"Iasked,tryingtosoundaspoliteaspossible.Themanlookedup,hiseyesmeetingminewithamixofreliefandgratitude."Couldyoupleasehelpmecarrythisboxtomyapartment?It'sjustaroundthecorner,"hereplied,hisvoiceshakybutwarm.Inoddedand,together,weliftedtheboxandbeganourslowjourneytohishome.Aswewalked,IlearnedthathisnamewasMr.Chen,andhehadrecentlymovedintotheneighborhood.Hischildrenlivedfaraway,andhewastryingtosettleintohisnewhomealone.Theboxcontainedhismosttreasuredbelongings,booksandphotographsthatheldmemoriesofalifetime.Ourpathwasnoteasy.Theboxwasheavy,andthestreetswerewetfromrain.Weslippedonceortwice,butwemanagedtokeepourfootingandourspiritshigh.Mr.Chentoldmestoriesofhisyouth,andIsharedmydreamsforthefuture.Itwasastrangeconnection,formedinthestruggleofasinglemoment.Finally,wereachedhisapartmentbuilding,andIhelpedhimcarrytheboxupthestairs.HeinsistedthatIcomeinforacupofteaasathank-you.Overhotdrinks,Itoldhimthatallofmyfamilymembersareliteratureenthusiasts.Myuncleworksatapublishinghouse.Hesaidheloveswritingpoetry.Thenweexchangedcontactinformationwitheachother.注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。AsIleft,Mr.Chenhandedmeapileofpapers,onwhichwerepoemsfromhisyouth._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Uponhearingthisgoodnews,IcontactedMr.Chentoinquireifhewouldbewillingtopublishit._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案解析部分【答案】1．A2．B3．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了全球几个极具特色和令人印象深刻的水族馆，包括阿联酋迪拜水族馆及水下动物园（拥有世界上最大的沙虎鲨收藏和悬挂式水族馆）、加拿大里普利水族馆（展示超过16,000种奇异海淡水动物）、日本大阪海游馆（专注于太平洋环火山带地区的野生动物，提供互动体验区）以及中国长隆海洋王国（集水族馆与主题公园于一体，拥有世界上最大的海洋馆和多种珍稀海洋动物）。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．细节理解题。根据DubaiAquarium&UnderwaterZoo部分中的"Notonlyisithometotheworld'slargestcollectionofsandsharks,buttheDubaiAquarium&UnderwaterZoohousestheworld'slargestsuspended(悬挂的)aquarium."它不仅拥有世界上数量最多的沙虎鲨，还拥有世界上最大的悬浮式水族馆。可知，拥有世界上最大的悬浮式水族馆的是迪拜水族馆及水下动物园。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据OsakaAquariumKaiyukan,Japan部分中的"ItsNewInteractiveAreaalsoallowsvisitorsanup-closeinterfacewiththeanimals,creatinganunforgettableexperience."其全新的互动区还能让游客与动物近距离接触，营造出令人难忘的体验。可知，在大阪海游馆，游客可以在新的互动区与动物进行近距离互动。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据DubaiAquarium&UnderwaterZoo"部分中的"Notonlyisithometotheworld'slargestcollectionofsandsharks,buttheDubaiAquarium&UnderwaterZoohousestheworld'slargestsuspended(悬挂的)aquarium."它不仅拥有世界上数量最多的沙虎鲨，还拥有世界上最大的悬浮式水族馆；Ripley'sAquariumofCanada,Canada部分中的"Enjoythescenicwondersofover16,000exotic(奇异的)seaandfreshwateranimalsatRipley'sAquariumofCanada."在加拿大瑞普利水族馆，你可以欣赏到16000多种奇异的海洋和淡水动物构成的奇妙景观)；OsakaAquariumKaiyukan,Japan部分中的"Openedin1990,OsakaAquariumKaiyukanoffersarichcollectionofwildlifenativetotheRingofFireareaofthePacificOceanshowcasingunderwateramong27tanksand16mainexhibits."大阪海游馆于1990年开放，馆内收藏了丰富的太平洋火环地区的本土野生动物，在27个水槽和16个主要展区展示水下生物；以及ChimelongOceanKingdom,China部分中的"ChimelongOceanKingdomishometoavastvarietyofseaanimals,suchasrarewhalesharks,polarbears,etc."长隆海洋王国内有各种各样的海洋动物，如珍稀的鲸鲨、北极熊等。可知，迪拜水族馆及水下动物园有世界上数量最多的沙虎鲨及世界最大的悬浮式水族馆；加拿大瑞普利水族馆有超过16,000种奇异的海洋和淡水动物；大阪海游馆有丰富的太平洋火环地区本土野生动物；长隆海洋王国有各种各样的海洋动物，如珍稀的鲸鲨、北极熊等，所以四个水族馆都有大量的海洋动物。故选C。【答案】4．A5．D6．D7．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，来自荷兰的八名工程爱好者打造了世界上最长的自行车，该自行车长达55.16米，打破了由澳大利亚人伯尼·瑞安在2020年创下的47.5米纪录。项目负责人伊万·沙尔克自幼便怀揣此想法，受过往纪录启发，于2018年利用业余时间启动项目，并在家乡普林森比克的狂欢节上招募团队成员。自行车建造过程漫长，前后部分自行生产，中心部件从专业公司购买。经过多年计算与施工，团队最终成功骑行该自行车超过100米，荣获吉尼斯世界纪录，同时还创造了最长多人自行车的新纪录。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。4．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Theteamwasledby39-year-oldIvanSchalk,who'sbeenplanningthissincehewasachild.Hesaid,‘I'vebeenthinkingabouttheideaforyears.IoncereceivedaGuinnessWorldRecordsbookinwhichIcameacrossthisrecord.'"该团队由39岁的IvanSchalk领导，他从小就开始计划这个项目。他说："我已经考虑这个想法很多年了。我曾经收到过一本吉尼斯世界纪录书，我在书中看到了这个记录。"可知，小时候读了一本书后，这一梦想激励IvanSchalk开始建造世界上最长的自行车。故选A。5．推理判断题。根据第三段中的"‘Prinsenbeekisknownforitsvolunteersandforhavingmanypeoplewhocandoskilledjobs,'Ivansaid.‘YoucanhangoutinfrontoftheTV,butwe'renotlikethathereinPrinsenbeek.Wehavethetechnicalknowledgeandwanttoapplythisknowledgetothemaximum.'""Prinsenbeek以其志愿者和许多能做技术工作的人而闻名，"Ivan说。"你可以在电视机前闲逛，但在普林斯贝克，我们不是这样的。我们拥有技术知识，并希望最大限度地利用这些知识。"可知，Prinsenbeek的人们具有很高的技术能力和社区意识，他们乐于将知识用于实践并帮助他人。故选D。6．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"Yearsofcalculationsandconstructionfinallyledtotheofficialrecordtry,wheretwooftheteam—oneupfrontsteeringandanotheratthebackpedaling-rodethebicycleovera100-metredistancetoachievetheGuinnessWorldRecordstitle."经过多年的计算和建造，终于有了正式的纪录尝试，团队中的两名成员——一个在前面驾驶，另一个在后面踩踏板——骑了100米，获得了吉尼斯世界纪录的称号。可知，伊万·沙尔克团队制造的自行车可以由两个人骑。故选D。7．推理判断题。根据第一段"EightengineeringenthusiastsfromtheNetherlandshavebuilttheworld'slongestbicycle.Measuringanincredible55.16metres,it'saroundthesamelengthastwobluewhales.Thepreviousrecordwassetin2020byBernieRyan(Australia),whosebikemeasured47.5metres."来自荷兰的8位工程爱好者制造了世界上最长的自行车。令人难以置信的是，它有55.16米长，大约和两条蓝鲸一样长。之前的纪录是由澳大利亚的伯尼·瑞安在2020年创造的，他的自行车长47.5米。可知，文章的内容是关于荷兰的一群工程师建造了世界上最长的自行车，并成功获得了吉尼斯世界纪录的新闻。文章中包含了时间、地点、人物、事件等新闻报道的典型要素，因此文章最有可能来自一篇新闻报道。故选A。【答案】8．A9．A10．B11．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，欧盟出台新政策要求所有一次性瓶子的瓶盖需与瓶身相连，以减少塑料垃圾特别是瓶盖对野生动物和环境的危害。这一设计调整被视为首个有效的反乱扔垃圾政策，因为连在一起的瓶盖不易被随意丢弃。文章指出塑料瓶盖已成为河流和海洋中十大常见垃圾之一，并强调回收并非解决塑料过剩生产的现实方案，立法和建立回收系统才是关键。最后，文章认为将减少垃圾的责任放在生产数百万易丢弃物品的公司身上，而非仅依赖公众清理，是一种新颖且有效的思路。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和标题归纳四个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"InJuly,theEUmadeanewpolicy,requiringthatallsingle-usebottleshavecapsthatremainattached.Thisisoneofseveralpoliciesdesignedtolimittheamountofplasticlitter—particularlythecapsfromsingle-useplasticbottleswhicharefarmorelikelytofindtheirwayintotheenvironmentandbringabigrisktowildlife."7月，欧盟制定了一项新政策，要求所有一次性使用的塑料瓶瓶盖必须固定在瓶身上。这是旨在限制塑料垃圾数量的几项政策之一——特别是来自一次性塑料瓶的瓶盖，它们更有可能进入环境，给野生动物带来巨大风险。可知，欧盟要求一次性塑料瓶使用固定瓶盖的政策目的是减少塑料垃圾。故选A。9．推理判断题。根据第三段"Plasticbottlecapsarenowamongthetoptenlitteritemsfoundinriversandtheocean.IntheUK,2023beachsurveyslistedbottlecapsasthethirdmostcommontypeoflitter,whileontheDutchNorthSeacoastline,surveysrecordedupto128bottlecapsforeachkilometerofbeachin2016."塑料瓶盖如今已成为河流和海洋中发现的十大垃圾之一。在英国，2023年的海滩调查将瓶盖列为第三常见的垃圾类型，而在荷兰北海海岸线，2016年的调查显示，每公里海滩上有多达128个瓶盖。可知，作者通过列举具体的数字来展开他的论点，即塑料瓶盖垃圾问题的严重性。故选A。10．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的"Thismeansthatthedutytoreducelitterfallsonthecompaniesthatproducetheseitems,ratherthanjustonindividualstocleanupafterthem."这意味着减少垃圾的责任落在生产这些物品的公司身上，而不仅仅是个人负责清理它们，是对划线词所在句中"putstheonusonthosepumpingoutmillionsoflitter-ableitemsinthefirstplace."的解释说明，即固定瓶盖的想法将减少垃圾的责任放在了那些首先生产出可能成为垃圾的物品的公司身上，可推知划线词onus与下文中duty是近义词，意为"责任"，与Responsibility同义。故选B。11．标题归纳题。根据第一段中的"InJuly,theEUmadeanewpolicy,requiringthatallsingle-usebottleshavecapsthatremainattached."7月，欧盟制定了一项新政策，要求所有一次性使用的塑料瓶瓶盖必须固定在瓶身上。可知本文介绍了欧盟出台的要求所有一次性使用塑料瓶瓶盖必须固定在瓶身上的新政策，包括其目的、效果以及作者的评价等，"欧盟的新瓶盖政策"能概括文章主要内容，适合作文章标题。故选C。【答案】12．C13．D14．C15．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，尽管获得米其林星级是高品质餐饮界备受追捧的荣誉，但研究表明，荣获米其林星级的餐厅相较于未获星级的餐厅更易在后续经营中倒闭。米其林星级虽能提升餐厅知名度，吸引更多关注，但也带来了一系列挑战，如顾客期望提升导致成本增加、供应商和房东等商业伙伴借机涨价、厨师因获奖而要求更高薪酬或可能被其他餐厅挖走等。此外，文章还指出，在其他行业，如企业管理与出版业，奖项同样可能成为一把双刃剑，获奖者可能面临更高的期望、更严格的审视以及更多的干扰。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"BeingintheguidebookofaformertirecompanythatnowreviewsrestaurantsisthefirststeptogettingaMichelinstar,whichisthemostdesiredprizeinhigh-qualitydining."进入一家前轮胎公司的指南手册是获得米其林星级的第一步，而米其林星级是高品质餐饮中最令人向往的奖项。可知，获得米其林星级的第一步是被列入米其林指南。故选C。13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Hefoundthat,ofthispromisinggroup,establishmentswhichwentontogetaMichelinstarweremorelikelytoclosedownintheyearsthatfollowedthanthosewhichdidnot."他发现，在这群有前途的餐厅中，获得米其林星级的餐厅在接下来的几年里倒闭的可能性要比那些没有获得米其林星级的餐厅大。可知，DanielSands的研究说明米其林星级餐厅更有可能倒闭。故选D。14．段落大意题。根据第三段中的"Butthatfamecomesataprice.First,MrSandsargues,therestaurants'customerschange.Beinginthecenterofpublicattentionraisesdiners'expectations.Meetingguests'greaterdemandspilesonnewcosts.Second,theawardputsastar-shapedtargeton