浙江省杭州市西湖区2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考英语试卷（含答案）

第第页浙江省杭州市西湖区学军西溪,学军紫金港,学军海创园2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考英语试卷一、AWhatisaGPA?AGPA,orGradePointAverage,typicallyrangingfromonetofour,isanumberreflectingyourcourseperformanceonaverage.It'susedbyuniversitiestodeterminewhetherstudentsmeetacademicstandardsandbystudentstoenhancejobprospectsorsecureadmissionintopost-graduateprograms.HowtocalculateaGPA?●Determinethelettergradeandthenumberofcredithoursforeachcourseyoutakeinaterm;●Translatethelettergradetogradepointsusingyourschool'sgradingsystem;●Multiplythegradepointsbythecredithoursforthatcourse;●Addupallthecredithoursforthecourses;●DividethetotalnumberofgradepointsbythetotalcredithoursandyougettheGPA.Example:AcademicTranscriptofJaneSmithWinter2023CoursesLetterGradeGradepointsCredithoursTotalpointsGPACreativeWritingA+4.0312-PsychologyA-3.7311.1-HistoryB+3.339.9-ComputerScienceF0.020-Total--1133

Whataretheconsequencesoffailingcollegecourses?●Everyfailinggrade(F)significantlyimpactsyourGPAforthatacademicyear,limitingclubs,organizationsandprogramchoices,ascompetitiveprogramsrequiretopGPAs.●MostfinancialaidprogramsrequireaspecificGPA.AsharpdropinGPAduetoseveralcoursefailuresmayleadtowithdrawalfromfinancialaidprograms,unlessyouretakethecoursesandpass.●Forcollegeathletesonsportsscholarships,failingcoursesrepeatedlycanleadtolosingscholarshipsandteamsports.●Failingmultiplecoursescanresultinschoolremovalandaffectfutureapplications.1．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Anacademiccourseguide. B．Acampusjobfairposter.C．Agraduateapplicationform. D．Anathleticteamschedule.2．WhatisJaneSmith'sGPAthisterm?A．3.3. B．3.0. C．2.8. D．1.0.3．WhatwouldbearesultifyougetoneFincollege?A．Schoolremoval. B．Lossoffinancialaid.C．Choicelimitation. D．Disqualificationinsports.二、BWithafullcareerinbothpoliticsandbusiness,HiramFongneversetouttodeveloponeofOahu'smostimpressivehorticulture(园艺)attractions.Fong,whosepoliticalcareerlastedoverthirtyyears,wasoneofthefirsttwosenators(参议员)fromHawaiiwhenitbecameastatein1959andthefirstAsianAmericantoserveintheUSSenate.Beforeworkinginpolitics,FongpaidhisownwaythroughHarvardLawSchooland,upongraduatinghelpedfoundandrunalawfirm.Fongeventuallyledseveralcompanies,allthewhile,gardeningwashisescape.In1950,Fongpurchasedmorethan700acresoflandonOahu,aboveKaneoheBay.Wantingtoexperimentwithgrowingfruit,heplantedbanana,thenpapaya,lemon,jackfruit,andavocado.Byalsochoosingtoplantcropssuchasbamboo,coconut,betelnut,andturmeric,hebroadenedthetypesofplantsinhisgardenanddevelopedalandscaperemindingpeopleofHawaiihundredsofyearsago.Afterheretiredfrompoliticsin1977,Fongcontinuedtobeinchargeofhiscompanies,buthefocusedongardening,personallyimportingandplantingcountlessspeciesofplants.Eventually,hedividedhislandintofivegardens,eachonenamedafteraUSpresidentwhohadservedwhileFongwasasenator.TheEisenhowerPlateauisdedicatedtonativeChineseplants,suchastheHongKongorchidtreeandtheJavaplum.TheJohnsonPlateaufeaturesforeignfruits.KennedyValleysupportsgingerandpalmsfromallovertheworld.NixonValleyaboundswithflowerswhiletheFordPlateauhighlightshillsidesofpiligrasses.ThepreserveisnownamedSenatorFong'sPlantationandGardens,completewithavisitors'centerandguidedtours.Untilhisdeathin2004atninety-seven.Fongspenteveryweekendtendingtohisflowersandtreesandassociatingwithvisitors.Heconsideredgardeningacontributingreasonforhislongandhealthylife.4．WhatmadeFongstartgardening?A．HislifeexperiencesinHawaii. B．Hisbigambitionforbusiness.C．Hispoliticalcareerasasenator. D．Histemporaryreleasefromreality.5．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Fong'sfurtherdevotiontogardeningB．Fong'smanagementofcompanies.C．Fong'sresearchonplantspecies.D．Fong'snamingofhisgardens.6．WhatcanbelearntaboutFongfromthelastparagraph?A．Helivedquiteabusybutregularlifeinhisoldage.B．Hecreditedgardeningforhislongandhealthylife.C．Hekepttakingcareofflowersashisdailyroutine.D．Hespenthislateryearsestablishingavisitors'centre.7．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveythroughthispassage?A．Itiscareanddiligencethatbringluck.B．Ittakesthreegenerationstomakeagentleman.C．Nothinggreatiseverachievedwithoutenthusiasm.D．Patienceisaflowerthatgrowsnotineveryone'sgarden.三、CThenegativenatureofpeerpressure(同伴压力)isoftenpresentedwithoutquestion.Theundesirableeffectofpeerpressurecannotbedenied,butisitalsopossiblethatpeerpressuremightnotentirelydeserveitsbadreputation?Couldpeerpressurealsohavepositiveeffectsonthepersonaldevelopmentandbehaviorofyoungpeople?Alookatthescientificliteraturerevealsexactlythatpeerpressureisnotalwaysaforceforthedarkside.Manystudiessuggestthatpeerpressureandthedesiretoconform(顺从)aresimplyapartofbeinghuman.Humans,afterall,arehighlysocialbeings.Ifhumansarehard-wiredtorespondtopeerpressure,thenitmakessensetoexaminehowitcanbeusedtochangebehaviorinapositiveway.Imagineasituation:studentXhasalwaysenjoyedplayingtheguitarbutislazyandunmotivated.Althoughinitiallyunwilling,sheispersuadedtojoinaschoolband.Thegroupofstudentsispreparingforaperformanceandtheexistingmembersareenthusiastic,focusedandhardworking.Gradually,studentXiscaughtupinthespiritofthebandandbeforelongsheiswillinglymakingthesamecommitmentoftimeandeffortsotheycanachieveacommongoal.Sohowdoesitwork?Peerpressure-bothpositiveandnegative-followsarecognizablepsychologicalprocess.IfstudentXdoesnotinformtotheestablishedcultureoftheband,sherisksrejection.Todispeltension,studentXchangesherhabitsandincreasestheamountoftimeandenergyshedevotestopractice.Somepsychologistsdescribethistranspositionofpersonalgoalsorstandardstoachieveharmonyaspartofa"identityshift".Thekeytounderstandingtheconceptofpeerpressureanditspoweroverhumansistocloselyexaminethescienceoftheprocess,ratherthanfocusonitsnegativeaspects.Providingaone-dimensionalviewoftheconceptencouragesthebias(偏见)thatpeerpressureisastrictlyundesirablefeatureofhumansociety.Instead,weshouldbeexploringwaytouseitspowerforgood.8．Whydoestheauthorraisethetwoquestionsaboutpeerpressureinparagraph1?A．Topointoutmisinterpretationsofit.B．Toencouragereflectiononit.C．Todoubttheinvestigationsintoit.D．Toshowgeneralperceptionsofit.9．WhatshouldstudentXdotofitintotheband?A．Enhanceherleadership.B．Sticktoheroldroutines.C．Learntoplaymoreinstruments.D．Investmoreenergyinplayingtheguitar.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dispel"inparagraph3mean?A．Hide. B．Sense. C．Remove. D．Display.11．whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．PeerPressure:HarmfulorHelpful?B．PeerPressure:AKeytoGroupSuccessC．PeerPressure:BeyondtheNegativeLabelD．PeerPressure:APsychologicalPerspective四、DNobelcommitteesrecognizedthetransformativepowerofartificialintelligence(AI)intwooftheprizesfor2024—honoringpioneersofneural(神经系统的)networksinthephysicsprize,andthedevelopersofcomputationaltoolstostudyanddesignproteinsinthechemistryprize.Butnotallresearchersarehappy.Severalphysicistsarguedthatthescienceunderlyingmachinelearningwasnotactuallyphysics."Ilikemachinelearningandartificialneuralnetworksasmuchasthenextperson,butit'shardtoseethatthisisaphysicsdiscovery."JonathanPritchard,anastrophysicistatImperialCollegeLondon.Noteveryonewastroubled,however."HopfieldandHinton'sresearchbroughttogetherphysics,math,computerscienceandneuroscience,"saidMattStrassler,atheoreticalphysicistatHarvardUniversity,"Inthatsense,itbelongstoallofthesefields."AnilAnanthaswamy,asciencewriterbasedinBerkeley,pointedoutthatalthoughtheresearchcitedbytheNobelcommitteemightnotbetheoreticalphysicsinthepurestsense,itisrootedintechniquesandconceptsfromphysics,suchasenergy.ButAnilalsoadded,theconnectionwithphysicsbecamemoredelicateinupcomingdevelopmentsinmachinelearning,particularlyintechniquesthatmadeneuralnetworkseasiertotrain.ComputerscienceseemedtobecompletingitsNobeltakeoverthedayafterthephysicsprizeannouncement,whenDemisHassabisandJohnJumperwonhalfofthechemistryNobel.TheprizewasarecognitionoftheinnovativeforceofAI,butalsoofthesteadygatheringofknowledgeinstructuralandcomputationalbiology."Itwasn'tjustthatwewenttowork,pressedtheAIbutton,andthenallwenthome,"Jumpersaid."Itwasreallyaniterative(迭代的)processwherewedeveloped,wedidresearch,wetriedtofindtherightkindofcombinationsbetweenwhatthecommunityunderstoodaboutproteinsandhowwebuildthoseinsightsintoourarchitecture."Sincetheywerefirstawardedin1901,theNobelshaveoftenhighlightedtheimpactofresearchonsociety,andhaverewardedpracticalinventions,notonlypurescience.Inthisrespect,thisyear'sprizesarenotoutliers.12．HowdidJonathanPritchardreacttothisyear'sNobelPrizeinPhysics?A．Hepraisedtheorganizers. B．Hedoubtedthediscovery.C．Hecongratulatedthewinners. D．Hequestionedtheclassification.13．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3?A．HopfieldandHinton'sresearchisacombinationofmultiplefields.B．TheNobelcommitteeonlyconsiderspuretheoreticalphysicsforawards.C．Theconnectionbetweenphysicsandmachinelearningisirrelevant.D．Thefuturedevelopmentsinmachinelearningwillcompletelyeliminatephysics.14．WhatdidJumperowetheirachievementto?A．TheAI-powerediterativeresearch.B．Theinnovativeresearchinarchitecture.C．Thecommunity-drivenresearchprocess.D．TheuseofAIresearchforquickanswers.15．Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthetextmainlyaddress?A．Whowonthisyear'sNobelsusingAI?B．Howdothisyear'sNobelsreflectAI'srole?C．Whyarescientistsagainstthisyear'sNobels?D．What'stheoutcomeofthisyear'sNobelsdebate?五、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Britishlibrariesareincrisis—again.TheUKhaslostonein20since2016,with180closedinthattime,aBBCinvestigationhasrevealed.Themostdisadvantagedareasarearoundfourtimesmorelikelytolosealibrarythantherichest.16．Astheeducationalachievementgapbetweenchildrenfromtherichestandpoorestbackgroundshasgrownpost-COVID,therolethatlibrariescanplayinimprovingtheabilitytoreadandstimulatingaloveofreadingcouldn'tbemorevital.17．TheChildren'sLaureate(荣誉获得者),FrankCottrellBoyce,stressedtheirimportancefor"humancontact".HismotherusedthelibraryasanescapefromtheirlimitedLiverpoolhome.Forothers,itisashelterfrombullying,asonereadertoldtheGuardian.18．Theactivitiesofferdesperatelyneededcompanytoisolatedparents,aswellasinspirationsforchildren.What'smore,ifyoudon'thaveaccesstotheInternetoraprinter,ifyoustrugglewithEnglishorcan'tkeepwarminwinter,librariesarenotsimplysomewheretoborrowbooks.19．Aboveall,homelessness,loneliness,mentalhealth,childcarecosts,illiteracyandhealtheducationarealsosomeofthechallengesthatlibrarieshelptodealwithasotherbasicpublicserviceshavedisappeared.Despiteallthesebenefits,fundingforlibrariesisneverapriority,defeatedbythemoreurgentdemandsofhealthcareandschools.20．Campaignersaretryingtoputemphasisonthatmessagebeforeitistoolate.Onethinglibrariesdon'tneedismorewords.Theyneedon-goingandconsiderablefunding.A.Whatcanyoudotohelptoreopenthelibraries?B.Butconcernsabouttheirlong-termfutureremain.C.Butitisnotjustbooksthatmakethemmagicalplaces.D.Meanwhile,fundingforlibrarieshashalvedsince2010.E.Youcanevenspendawholedaytherewithoutbuyingacupoftea.F.However,properlyresourced,theycanhelprelievethepressuresonboth.G.Whereelsecanyoufindcraftworkshops,Lego,andauthorevents,allforfree?六、阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B.C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ItisFebruary2020,andit'salmostascoldinsideasout.BythetimeIhavefinished21．andwalkedout,it's9p.m.It'snothardtofindmygroupbecausethey'realreadywaiting,wearing22．blackpolarbootsthesizeofatrunk.OurguideisCéline,aFrenchwoman."Thepredictioniscloudstonight,"shetellsus."Butyouneverknow,sowewillstillbe23．."Afterabout20minutes,thebus24．atAurora(极光)Village,acollectionofsmallbuildingsbesideafrozenlake.Gettingoffthebus,Icouldn'thelp25．fromfoottofoot.Minutesafter,theclouds26．."Isthatit?"someoneasks,pointingatasmalldome(圆顶)ofbrightnessonthehorizon.Theauroraisabeautiful,thoughhardto27．,phenomenon,occurringyear-roundandtourismrunsonexpectationsstimulatedbytravelwebsites.However,thousandsofenhancedphotosofemerald-greenandruby-redarcs(弧线)makefalse28．.SoI'vetriedtokeepmyownexpectations29．.Overabout20minutes,however,acloud30．intoafinewhitearestretchingacrossthesky,brighteninguntilitisariverofpearl.CélineandIliebackonapileof31．,watchingtheglowingtrackcrosstheskylikeapainter's32．.Idon'tgenerallydothiskindofthing:travelin33．,withguides.I'malwaystooshyforgroups.Butviewingtheauroraisapeculiarundertaking,somethingbestdoneinverycoldplacesatnight,34．cities,inanenvironmentthatdoesn't35．thesolotraveler.21．A．bathing B．eating C．booking D．dressing22．A．formal B．fancy C．identical D．distinct23．A．hopeful B．thankful C．careful D．regretful24．A．turnsback B．drivesthrough C．breaksdown D．pullsup25．A．shifting B．stepping C．sliding D．shaking26．A．escape B．lift C．faint D．appear27．A．refuse B．reform C．imagine D．predict28．A．promises B．decisions C．statements D．arrangements29．A．high B．unrealistic C．low D．great30．A．runs B．divides C．grows D．absorbs31．A．tourists B．photos C．dirt D．snow32．A．brush B．blanket C．hand D．desire33．A．wonders B．packs C．boots D．pairs34．A．around B．beyond C．inbetween D．farfrom35．A．comprise B．surprise C．punish D．reward七、第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容。一个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Scientistshavediscoveredtheremainsof36．appearstobeanancientsheep-drawnchariot(战车)nearthefamousTerracottaArmyinthewesterntombofEmperorQinShiHuang.Themainstructureofthechariothaslikelyrotted(腐烂)awayafter37．(spend)morethan2,000yearsinthegroundbutresearchersdidfindarowofsixsheepskeletons(骨架)wearingattachmentsusedforpullingachariot,sothey38．(infer)thiswasasheep-drawnchariot.Horse-drawnchariotswerecommoninancientChina,butasheep-drawnchariotis39．extremelyrarefind.ThefounderoftheWesternJinDynasty,EmperorWu,orSimaYan,whoruledfrom266to290CE,issaid40．(ride)inasheep-drawncarriagearoundhispalacecomplexeverynightandwouldsleepwhereverthesheepstopped.Researchershopelaboratory41．(analyze)onthewesterntomb'sburialchamber,whichiscurrentlyunderway,willhelpthemdeterminewhowasburiedthere.Inadditiontothesix-sheepchariot,scientistsunearthedafour-wheeled42．(wood)chariot,probablydrawnbyhorses,43．(equip)withafancyumbrella.Itistheoldestof44．(it)typeeverfound.Theyalsofoundawealthofirontoolsandweapons,providingnewinsightintotheperiod45．irontoolsfirstbegantoappear.八、第一节(满分15分)46．假定你是李华，你所在的团队成功晋级校级英语辩论赛决赛。请你向指导你们的外教Peter写一封感谢信，内容包括：1.感谢指导；2.比赛经历；3.成员表现。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。DearPeter,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua九、第二节(满分25分)47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Istoodintherestaurantkitchen,myeyeswide,armshangingawkwardly,readytoworkbutunsureofwhattodo."Youwillbetrainedfirst,"mymanagerAaronsaid,"anddoremembertocheckeverydetail!"Withthesewords,hewalkedaway.Aworkmatethrewmeadishbrushandsaid,"Let'sgetstarted."Heintroducedmetothebasicsofwashingdishesanddemonstratedtheprocess.Thiswasthebeginningofmypart-timejob,anewstagewhereIwasbotheagertolearnandanxiousaboutthechallengesahead.OnaFridaynight,Aaronswiftlyenteredthekitchen."Whohasjustbused(收拾)thebackrighttable?"heshouted,hisvoicesharpwithurgency.Myhands,slipperywithbubblesfromthebowlIwaswashing,nearlyletitslipthroughmyfingers.IwantedtosayIwasguilty,butAaron'scoldstaredidn'tpromiseahappyrewardfortheguywhoadmitted.Finally,amixoffearandmyownconsciencepushedtheresponseoutofmymouth."Idid,Aaron.""Whatwereyouthinking?Getbackouthereandlookatwhatyoumissed!"Hiswordsforcedmeforward.Igrabbedarag(抹布)andfollowedhimouttotabletwenty-two.Aswemadeourwaythroughtherestaurant,hesaidsomethingaboutrags,butIdidn'thearclearlywithotherconversationsgoingonaroundus.Iquicklyrealizedthetrueissuewasthemessbeneaththetable.Anearlyfullcupofbeerhadtippedover,creatingasmalllakeonthefloor.Itwasasignificantmistakeonmypart."Takecareofit!"Aarontunedandstormedofftothefrontoftherestaurant.Idroppeddowntocleanupthebeer.Thatwaswhenanotherproblemoccurred.Ihadbroughtonlyonerag.Onealreadywetrag.Itdidnothingbutincreasethesizeofthelake."Morerags,"Ithought.Immediately,Irushedintothekitchenandhurriedlygrabbedfivedryrags,hopingAaronwouldn'tnoticemybriefabsence.注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。IhadjustrushedoutwhenIfoundAaronstandinginmyway.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Aftercleaningupthemess,IreflectedonAaron'swords.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案解析部分【答案】1．A2．B3．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了平均学分绩点（GPA）的概念、计算方式和大学课程不及格的后果。【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。1．推理判断题。根据文章中的"WhatisaGPA?(什么是平均学分绩点？)""HowtocalculateaGPA?(如何计算平均学分绩点？)""Whataretheconsequencesoffailingcollegecourses?(大学课程不及格的后果是什么？)"以及全文内容可知，这篇文章介绍了大学用来确定学生是否达到学术标准的评价准则——GPA，并介绍了GPA的计算方法及课程不及格的后果，应该选自学术课程指南。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据"HowtocalculateaGPA?"下面的"DividethetotalnumberofgradepointsbythetotalcredithoursandyougettheGPA.(把总分除以总学时，你就得到了平均绩点。)"并结合表格内容可知，JaneSmith的所有课程中，总分是33，总学时是11，33÷11=3，所以她的GPA是3。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据"Whataretheconsequencesoffailingcollegecourses?"下面的"Everyfailinggrade(F)significantlyimpactsyourGPAforthatacademicyear,limitingclubs,organizationsandprogramchoices,ascompetitiveprogramsrequiretopGPAs.(每一个不及格的分数（F）都会显著影响你在该学年的GPA，限制俱乐部、组织和项目选择，因为竞争性项目需要顶尖的GPA。)"可知，如果你在大学得了一个F的打分，你的选择将会受限制。故选C。【答案】4．D5．A6．B7．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海勒姆·方如何打造了瓦胡岛最令人印象深刻的园艺景点之一。【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，段落大意题和主旨大意题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做段落大意题时，注意确定主题句，主题句是段落中表达主要观点或思想的句子，通常位于段落的开头或结尾，偶尔也会出现在段落中间。由于主题句往往出现在段落的首尾，因此仔细阅读段落的首尾句是快速把握段落大意的有效方法。段落中的转折词和总结性语言常用来引入新的观点或总结段落内容，对理解段落大意至关重要。在理解段落信息的基础上，用简洁的语言概括段落的主要内容。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。4．细节理解题。根据第一段"Beforeworkinginpolitics,FongpaidhisownwaythroughHarvardLawSchooland,upongraduatinghelpedfoundandrunalawfirm.Fongeventuallyledseveralcompanies,allthewhile,gardeningwashisescape.(在从政之前，方自费通过哈佛法学院学习，毕业后帮助创办并经营了一家律师事务所。方最终领导了几家公司，一直以来，园艺是他逃避现实的方式)"可知，为了暂时脱离现实，方开始从事园艺。故选D。5．段落大意题。根据第三段"Afterheretiredfrompoliticsin1977,Fongcontinuedtobeinchargeofhiscompanies,buthefocusedongardening,personallyimportingandplantingcountlessspeciesofplants.Eventually,hedividedhislandintofivegardens,eachonenamedafteraUSpresidentwhohadservedwhileFongwasasenator.TheEisenhowerPlateauisdedicatedtonativeChineseplants,suchastheHongKongorchidtreeandtheJavaplum.TheJohnsonPlateaufeaturesforeignfruits.KennedyValleysupportsgingerandpalmsfromallovertheworld.NixonValleyaboundswithflowerswhiletheFordPlateauhighlightshillsidesofpiligrasses.(1977年退出政坛后，方先生继续掌管自己的公司，但他专注于园艺，亲自进口和种植了无数种植物。最终，他把他的土地分成了五个花园，每个花园都以一位美国总统的名字命名，而他是参议员。艾森豪威尔高原是中国本土植物的栖息地，比如香港的兰树和爪哇的梅树。约翰逊高原以外国水果为特色。肯尼迪谷出产来自世界各地的姜和棕榈。尼克松谷到处都是鲜花，而福特高原则突出了山腰上的毛缕草)"可知，第三段主要讲述了方对园艺的进一步投入和方对公司的管理。故选A。6．细节理解题。根据最后一段"Untilhisdeathin2004atninety-seven.Fongspenteveryweekendtendingtohisflowersandtreesandassociatingwithvisitors.Heconsideredgardeningacontributingreasonforhislongandhealthylife.(直到2004年去世，享年97岁。每个周末，方都在照料他的花草树木，并与客人交往。他认为园艺是他健康长寿的一个重要原因)"可知，方认为园艺是他健康长寿的一个重要原因。故选B。7．主旨大意题。根据第二段"In1950,Fongpurchasedmorethan700acresoflandonOahu,aboveKaneoheBay.Wantingtoexperimentwithgrowingfruit,heplantedbanana,thenpapaya,lemon,jackfruit,andavocado.Byalsochoosingtoplantcropssuchasbamboo,coconut,betelnut,andturmeric,hebroadenedthetypesofplantsinhisgardenanddevelopedalandscaperemindingpeopleofHawaiihundredsofyearsago.(1950年，方在瓦胡岛卡内奥赫湾上方购买了700多英亩的土地。为了尝试种植水果，他先种了香蕉，然后是木瓜、柠檬、菠萝蜜和鳄梨。他还选择种植竹子、椰子、槟榔、姜黄等作物，拓宽了花园中植物的种类，创造了一个让人想起数百年前夏威夷的景观)"以及第三段"Afterheretiredfrompoliticsin1977,Fongcontinuedtobeinchargeofhiscompanies,buthefocusedongardening,personallyimportingandplantingcountlessspeciesofplants.(1977年退出政坛后，方先生继续掌管自己的公司，但他专注于园艺，亲自进口和种植了无数种植物)"和最后一段的"Untilhisdeathin2004atninety-seven.Fongspenteveryweekendtendingtohisflowersandtreesandassociatingwithvisitors.(直到2004年去世，享年97岁。每个周末，方都在照料他的花草树木，并与客人交往)"可知，作者通过讲述海勒姆·方打造自己花园的经过，无论什么时候，不管是从政还是经商的时候，方先生都会抽出时间来经营自己的花园。由此推知，作者想要表述没有热情成就不了任何伟大的事业。故选C。【答案】8．B9．D10．C11．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕同伴压力的积极影响展开，强调理解同伴压力要关注其科学过程而非仅聚焦消极面，呼吁探索利用其积极力量的方法。【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题，词义猜测题和标题选择题四种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。做标题选择题时，注意关注首尾句，首尾句往往包含段落或文章的核心信息，是判断标题是否准确的重要依据。利用关键词，文章中的关键词汇、短语或句子往往与标题有紧密联系，可以通过关键词汇的匹配来缩小选择范围。语境理解，理解文章的整体语境和作者的态度倾向，有助于准确把握文章的主旨和标题的选择方向。8．推理判断题。根据第一段"Thenegativenatureofpeerpressure(同伴压力)isoftenpresentedwithoutquestion.Theundesirableeffectofpeerpressurecannotbedenied,butisitalsopossiblethatpeerpressuremightnotentirelydeserveitsbadreputation?Couldpeerpressurealsohavepositiveeffectsonthepersonaldevelopmentandbehaviorofyoungpeople?Alookatthescientificliteraturerevealsexactlythatpeerpressureisnotalwaysaforceforthedarkside.(同伴压力的消极本质常常被人们不假思索地认定。同伴压力带来的不良影响是不可否认的，但有没有可能同伴压力并不完全应得它的坏名声呢？同伴压力是否也能对年轻人的个人发展和行为产生积极影响呢？查阅一下科学文献就会发现，同伴压力并不总是一股邪恶的力量。)"可知，作者先指出同伴压力的消极性常被毫无疑问地呈现，其不良影响不可否认，接着提出两个关于同伴压力的问题，即同伴压力是否不应完全背负坏名声，以及它是否对年轻人的个人发展和行为有积极影响。作者提出这两个问题，是为了让读者思考同伴压力是否只有消极影响，是否也存在积极的一面，鼓励读者对同伴压力进行更深入的反思。故选B。9．细节理解题。根据第二段"Imagineasituation:studentXhasalwaysenjoyedplayingtheguitarbutislazyandunmotivated.Althoughinitiallyunwilling,sheispersuadedtojoinaschoolband.Thegroupofstudentsispreparingforaperformanceandtheexistingmembersareenthusiastic,focusedandhardworking.Gradually,studentXiscaughtupinthespiritofthebandandbeforelongsheiswillinglymakingthesamecommitmentoftimeandeffortsotheycanachieveacommongoal.(设想这样一种情况：学生X一直喜欢弹吉他，但她很懒惰，缺乏动力。起初她并不愿意，但在别人的劝说下加入了学校乐队。乐队里的学生们正在为一场演出做准备，现有的成员都充满热情、专注且勤奋。渐渐地，学生X被乐队的精神所感染，没过多久，她就心甘情愿地投入同样多的时间和精力，以便大家能够实现一个共同的目标。)"以及第三段"IfstudentXdoesnotinformtotheestablishedcultureoftheband,sherisksrejection.Todispeltension,studentXchangesherhabitsandincreasestheamountoftimeandenergyshedevotestopractice.(如果学生X不融入乐队已有的文化氛围，她就有可能被排斥。为了消除这种紧张感，学生X改变了自己的习惯，增加了用于练习的时间和精力。)"可知，学生X加入的是乐队，且之前弹吉他比较懒惰缺乏动力，现在为了融入乐队要增加投入练习的时间和精力，也就是在弹吉他上投入更多精力。故选D。10．词义猜测题。根据第四段"IfstudentXdoesnotinformtotheestablishedcultureoftheband,sherisksrejection.Todispeltension,studentXchangesherhabitsandincreasestheamountoftimeandenergyshedevotestopractice.(如果学生X不融入乐队已有的文化氛围，她就有可能被排斥。为了……这种紧张感，学生X改变了自己的习惯，增加了用于练习的时间和精力。)"可知，学生X为了避免被排斥，通过改变习惯和增加练习投入来消除紧张感。划线单词和"消除"意思一致。选项C"remove"意为"消除"，与此相符。故选C。11．标题选择题。通读文章可知，文章开篇指出同伴压力的消极性常被认定，但其不良影响虽不可否认，接着通过提问同伴压力是否不应完全背负坏名声、是否有积极影响引出话题。随后以学生X加入乐队为例，阐述了同伴压力的积极作用，还从心理学角度解释了其起作用的过程。最后强调理解同伴压力要关注其科学过程而非仅聚焦消极面，应探索利用其积极力量的方法。整体文章强调同伴压力不只是有消极的一面，不应只给它贴上负面标签。选项C"PeerPressure:BeyondtheNegativeLabel(同伴压力：超越负面标签)"准确地概括了文章主旨，强调要突破对同伴压力仅有的负面认知，看到其积极的可能性。故选C。【答案】12．D13．A14．A1