Unit单元语法课件人教版八年级英语下册

语法精讲：动词不定式324567用法一

：作状语（表目的）用法二

：作宾语补足语两种用法辨析特殊形式：否定式综合练习：学以致用总结回顾：核心要点目录CONTENTS1什么是动词不定式？观察这些句子，找规律！Iplaytheflute

torelax.Iwenttothesportscentretoiceskate.Shetoldmenottogiveup.Mydadisteachingme

toplaytheguitar.Iplaytheflute

torelax.Iwenttothesportscentre

toiceskate.Shetoldme

nottogiveup.Mydadisteachingme

toplaytheguitar.✅

什么是动词不定式？定义：动词不定式

=to+动词原形特点✅没有人称变化（I/you/he都一样）✅没有单复数变化✅不能单独作谓语基本形式举例toread（读）towrite（写）toplay（玩/演奏）torelax（放松）tostudy（学习）用法一：作状语（Adverbials）Iplaytheflute

torelax.吹长笛→目的是放松我吹长笛是为了放松。Iwenttothesportscentre

toiceskate.去体育中心→目的是滑冰我去体育中心是为了滑冰。Peoplepaint

toremember

abeautifullandscape.画画→目的是记住美景人们画画是为了记住美丽的风景。动词不定式表目的理解技巧

前一个动作的目的是什么？

例句：Istudyhard.Whydoyoustudyhard?

答案：togetgoodgrades（为了取得好成绩）

完整句：Istudyhardtogetgoodgrades.要求：将下面两个句子合并成一个使用不定式表目的的句子。原句：Igotothelibrary.Iwanttoborrowsomebooks.改写：____________________________________________原句：Shepracticespianoeveryday.Shehopestowinthecompetition.改写：____________________________________________原句：Theygotupearly.Theywantedtocatchthefirstbus.改写：____________________________________________Igotothelibrary

toborrowsomebooks.Shepracticespianoeveryday

towinthecompetition.Theygotupearly

tocatchthefirstbus.句子改写用法二：作宾语补足语（ObjectComplements）动词不定式做宾补补充说明宾语

回答的问题：Whatdoestheobjectdo?（宾语做什么？）结构公式

主语+谓语动词+宾语+to+动词原形

Shetoldme

tostudy.主语：She谓语动词：tell（告诉）宾语：me（我）宾语做什么？tostudy（学习）宾补Shetoldme

togetbackup.me（我）togetbackup她告诉我要重新站起来。Mydadteachesme

toplaytheguitar.me（我）toplaytheguitar我爸爸教我弹吉他。Theyallowus

todoourfavouriteactivities.us（我们）todo...他们允许我们做自己喜欢的事。要求：将下面两个句子合并成一个使用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构的句子。1.原句：Theteachersaidsomethingtothestudents.Thestudentsshouldhandintheirhomeworkontime.改写：

.2.原句：Myparentshaveawishforme.Theywantmetobecomeadoctor.改写：

.3.原句：Thesigngivespeopleawarning.Ittellspeoplenottoswimhere.改写：

.句子改写TheteachertoldthestudentstohandintheirhomeworkontimeMyparentswantmetobecomeadoctorThesignwarnspeoplenottoswimhere动词不定式作宾补省略to的情况1.

感官动词

-表示“看、听、感觉”see,hear,watch,notice,feel,lookat,listentoIsawhim

enter

theroom.（看见他进房间）Iheardher

sing

asong.（听见她唱歌）Watchme

do

it.（看我做）Ifeltthehouse

shake.（感到房子震动）2.

使役动词

-表示“使、让、叫”let,make,haveLetme

help

you.（让我帮你）Thejokemadeus

laugh.（笑话让我们笑了）I'llhavehim

call

you.（我会让他打电话给你）对比：动词原形（不带to）：强调动作全过程Isawhim

cross

theroad.（过了马路）现在分词（doing）：强调动作正在进行Isawhim

crossing

theroad.（正在过马路）判断是否需要加to：Iwatchedthechildren______(play)inthepark.Shemademe______(promise)tobecareful.Hewasseen______(take)themoney.（被动语态）Let's______(go)tothecinematonight.快速测试playpromisetotakego对比区分：两种用法辨析判断练习判断划线部分是什么成分？Iliketowatchmovies

torelax.（状语/宾补？）Myteacheraskedme

tospeaklouder.（状语/宾补？）Westudyhard

togetgoodgrades.（状语/宾补？）Shewantsherson

tolearncalligraphy.（状语/宾补？）特殊形式：不定式的否定式Shetoldmenottogiveupsoeasily.Myparentstoldmenottopushmyselftoohard.Trynottoforgetyourfears.结构：notto+动词原形关键：not放在to前面！Shetoldmetogiveupsoeasily.Myparentstoldmetopushmyselftoohard.Trytoforgetyourfears.改为否定形式动词不定式总结动词不定式作宾语1.wanttodo想要做

2.plantodo计划做

3.decidetodo决定做

4.trytodo努力做

5.needtodo需要做

6.hopetodo希望做

7.learntodo学习做

8.agreetodo同意做

9.promisetodo答应做

10.forgettodo忘记要做（还没做）

动词不定式作宾补1.tellsbtodo告诉某人做

2.asksbtodo请某人做

3.wantsbtodo想要某人做

4.teachsbtodo教某人做

5.allowsbtodo允许某人做

6.encouragesbtodo鼓励某人做

7.invitesbtodo邀请某人做

8.remindsbtodo提醒某人做

动词不定式作宾语3种说法：1.todo（最常用）

Istudytogetgoodgrades.2.inordertodo（更正式）

Inordertopass,Istudyhard.3.soastodo（书面语）

Hespokeslowlysoastobeclear.重要句型1.too...to...（太……而不能）Heistooyoungtodrive.It'stoohottogoout.2....enoughto...（足够……而能）Sheisoldenoughtotravelalone.Heranfastenoughtowin.3.It's+形容词+todo（做……怎么样）It'simportanttolearnEnglish.It'seasytomakefriendshere.It'snecessarytowearauniform.4.疑问词+todo（怎么做/做什么）Iknowwhattodo.Tellmehowtousethis.Idon'tknowwheretogo.固定短语必须记的6个：1.havetodo

必须做（不得不）

Ihavetofinishhomework.2.usedtodo

过去常常做

Iusedtoplayhere.3.begoingtodo

打算做

I'mgoingtovisitmygrandma.4.wouldliketodo

想要做（客气）

I'dliketohavesomewater.5.beabouttodo

马上就要做

Themovieisabouttostart.6.beabletodo能够做

Hewillbeabletoswimsoon.填空Ihope______(see)youtomorrow.Shetoldme______(notbe)late.Heis______young______drive.(太……而不能)It'simportant______(drink)water.Doyouknowhow______(use)this?toseenottobetoototodrinktouse综合练习与巩固语法填空题用动词不定式的正确形式填空：LucaBrunoisanItalianteenagerwhofindsitfun1.______(make)mobilephoneapps.Hestartedprogramming2.______(help)people.Hislatestappallowspeople3.______(find)studypartnersforlearningItalian."Itgivesmeasenseofachievement4.______(see)peopleusingtheapp,"saysLuca.MayaBadalcollectspostcards5.______(learn)aboutdifferentplaces.Herfatherencouragedher6.______(keep)collecting.Nowshedreams7.______(travel)totheseplacesinthefuture!tomaketohelptofindtoseetolearntokeep

totravel语法填空题1.IhaveapurposewhenIpaint.Iwanttoexpressmyfeelings.→Ipaint______.2."Pleasedon'tgiveup,"theinstructorsaidtoEmma.→TheinstructortoldEmma______.3.ThepurposeofdevelopingtheappistohelppeoplelearnItalian.→Lucadevelopedtheapp______.4.Myparentshavearequest.Theywantmetospendmoretimewithmybrother.→Myparentswantme______.toexpressmyfeelingsnottogiveuptohelppeoplelearnItaliantospendmoretimewithmybrother语法填空题（

）1.Ijoinedtheartclub______improvemypaintingskills.A.forB.toC.soD.because（

）