2026届新高考英语热点冲刺复习构词法

2026届新高考英语热点冲刺复习构词法学习构词法的重要性了解词性猜测词义

扩大词汇量helphelpfulhelplesshelpfullyhelplesslyagreeagreementdecidedecisionappearv.出现disappearappearancedisappearancev.(不出现)消失，不见n.出现，外貌n.消失，不见

一.合成法（compound）

合成词Compoundpain-killer＋＝止痛药＋＝color-blind色盲＋＝sleep-walk梦游归

纳：由______或________词合成一个新词,有的用_______________连接,有的________连写在一起，还有的由____________________构成，这样的构词方法叫做合成法。easy-going,old-fashionedsomewhere,eggplant,anyone,newspaperthemepark,

busstop,postoffice,readingroom分开的两个词连词符号“-”hyphen直接1.合成法Compound两个多个1.nationwide____________2.one-to-one___________3.well-sampled___________4.man-made__________5.high-quality___________6.swimmingpool___________7.time-consuming___________8.ordinary-looking___________全国的一对一的人造的游泳池高质量的Task1:Trytoguess相貌平平的充分采样的耗时的

二.转化法（Conversion）春风又绿江南岸。驴不胜怒，蹄之。形容词动词名词动词单词可从一种词性转化为另一种词性。单词转化前后的意义联系密切。2.Therainpoureddown.rain动词rain名词1.Itrainscatsanddogs.归

纳：由一种词性转化为另一种或

几种

词性，词

形不变，

发生变化，这样的构词方法叫做转化法。词性Guessthemeaningsoftheunderlinedwordsandtheirpartofspeech(词性)1.TaylorSwiftisherfavourite

singer.2.ShelovesalotofsingersbutTaylorSwiftisherfavourite.

n.意为“最喜爱的东西或人”a.意为“最喜爱的”3.TouristsmusttryhotpotwhentheyvisitSichuan.4.Hotpotisa

mustforalltouriststotasteinSichuan.n.意为“必须做（买、看）的事”v.意为“必须做”5.Thechildwaslookingatthechocolatecakewithhisgreedyeyes.6.Thechildwaseyeingthechocolatecakegreedily.v.意为“注视”n.意为“眼睛”Practice猜测词义1.(2024·新课标I卷)TheseplantsincludedmodernWesternfavouritessuchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel.ThegardenalsocontainsawindingpaththatguidesvisitorsthroughthetwelveregionsoftheSilkRoad.2.Morethan7millionInternetuserswereattractedbyalivestreamthemed"Whentechnologymeetsthebeautyoftraditionalopera"thisyear.n.喜爱的事物v.以...为主题

三.

缩略法Abbreviation首字母缩略UnitedNations→_________联合国VeryImportantPerson→_________贵宾缩短词examination→_________考试application→_________应用拼缀词smoke+fog=_________烟雾UNVIPexamappsmog3.缩略AbbreviationPractice猜测词义1.(2024·新高考I卷)“Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces—andevenspecies—thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”2.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligencecomesin.n.应用程序applicationn.人工智能artificialintelligence

四.

派生法Derivationunbelievable词根root前缀prefix后缀

suffixmeaning(意思)partofspeech(词性)4.派生法Derivation☆☆☆☆☆改变单词的______改变单词的_________归

纳：派生是由一个词根加上_______或_________，构成另一个词。

这样的构词法叫做派生法。前缀：一般改变

；后缀：一般改变

。前

缀后缀一个英语单词可以分为三个部分：前缀（prefix），词根（rootword），后缀（suffix）词义词性派生法:1.形容词+ly变副词规律；2.动词/名词变形容词常见的后缀；3.动词变名词后缀；4.形容词变名词后缀；5.表示‘人’的后缀；6.表示否定或否定意义的前缀和后缀；7.变动词的前缀和后缀。quick--_____________angry--_____________possible--____________simple--______________dramatic--___________一.形容词+ly变副词规律；quickly

angrily

possibly

simply

dramatically规则:一般情况下+ly;辅音字母+y,改y为i+ly;以ble结尾，将ble改为bly;以le结尾，去e+y;以ic结尾，+ally;注意:1.有一些形容词是以ly结尾的:如:friendly,lovely,lonely2.常见的形容词，副词同形的词；如:

fastadj.快速的adv.迅速地aloneadj.独自的adv.单独地hardadj.努力的adv.努力地二.动词/名词变形容词常见的后缀；1.–able2.–al3.

–ful4.–ive5.–ous6.–ic单词:comfort--_________________suit--___________________person--________________harm--___________________effect--________________humor--________________economy--____________comfortable

suitable

personal

harmful

effective

humorouseconomic三.动词变名词后缀；--al2.–ance/ence

3.--ion4.

–ment5.

–ure6.–y单词:arrive--_______________appear--______________exist--_________________act--________________argue--________________fail--__________________recover--______________arrival

appearanceexistence

actionargumentfailurerecovery四.形容词变名词后缀；--dom2.–ness3.–th4.–ty5.–ity

6.–ce单词:free--_________________weak--________________warm--________________safe--__________________disable--_______________important--_______________freedomweaknesswarmthsafetydisability

importance五.表示‘人’的后缀；1.—er2.–or3.–an4.–ian

5.-ist6.–ant

单词:teach--_______________invent--_______________America_______________music--________________special--________________assist--__________________teacherinventorAmericanmusician

specialistassistant

六.表示否定或否定意义的前缀和后缀；dis

–2.il–3.im–4.in–5.mis–6.un–7.–less单词:agree--_______________legal--________________polite--________________formal--_______________lead--__________________usual--_____________hope--______________disagreeillegalimpoliteinformalmisleadunusualhopeless七.变动词的前缀和后缀。

en—2.–en3.–ify4.–ize单词:able--________________sharp--______________simple--______________apology--_____________enablesharpensimplifyapologize

Practice语法填空(2025·浙江1月)Tanya'sshopoffersfashionclothesforwomentorent(rent)ratherthanpurchasethemoutright,providingalessexpensive

(solve)toone-timeeventdressing.(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)"InaGogame,eachmoveshouldservealong-termgoal.Youtrytoleadtheopponentintoyourtrapandforcethemtofollowyour

(guide)'tilltheylose,"explainsWangWei,aGoplayeramongthevisitorstotheexhibition.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Thelatestengineerng(engineer)techniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotective

(function)structurethat