机器人 外刊时文阅读公开课

ArecentstudyinJapanhasrevealedthatawearablesoftrobot,namedReliebo,

canimprovetheexperienceofpatientsinmedicaltreatments,suchasinjections(注

射)andotherunpleasanttherapies.Thepurposeoftherobotistohelpeasepainand

defendpeopleagainstanxiety.Thestudy,ledbyresearchersattheUniversityof

Tsukuba,wasinspiredinpartbythenumerousneedlespeoplehadtoendurewhile

beingvaccinated(接种疫苗)againstCOVID-19.Somepeoplefeltanintense

dislikefortheseneedles,whichledtofewerpeoplegettingvaccinated.

Theroboiissoftandcoveredinfur.Iicontainssmallairbagsinternallythat

inflate(膨胀)inresponsetohandmovement.Participantsin(hestudywhoworethe

robotwhilesubjectedtcamediumheatstimulation,experiencedlesspaininthetest

(hanthosewhodidnotv/eartherobot.Thetestprovedthatthepainandanxietybeing

feltcouldbereducedsharplybylesseningtheexperienceofpainthroughusingthe

robot.

Theresearchteamchecked(heeffectivenessofthewearablerobotwhilebeing

handledbyparticipantsundercertainconditions,basedontheclenchingofthe

hand.Theteamplacedpainfulheatstimulationontheotherarmthatwasnotholding

therobot.Theythenmeasuredcortisollevelsfromtheparticipants,salivasamples,

suggestinglevelsofstresshormones.Thepainfeltbythepatientswasgivenspecific

ratingsandwasalsorecordedusinganassessmentscale.Thepeopleinthestudy

weregivenasurveytesttoassesstheirfearofinjectionsbeforeandafter(he

experimentwiththewearablerobotwascompleted.Thestudyprovedthatholding

therobotcancasetheexperienceofpatientswhowerereceivinginjections.The

researchteamhopes(ousethisstudy(oadvancetherobotforuseduringpainful

situations,suchasgettingmedicalshotsorsimilarconditions.

l.VVhatisthefunctionoftherobot?

A.Toassistdoctorsininjectingaccurately.

B.Tohelprelievepeople'spainfrominjections.

C.Toevaluatepatients5physicalandmentalhealth.

D.ToassesstheeffectsofgettingvaccinatedagainstCOVID-19.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“lessening“inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Delecting.

B.Increasing.

C.Recording.

D.Decreasing.

3.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Methodsoftestingtheeffectivenessoftherobot.

B.Reasonsforconductingtheexperimentontherobot.

C.Theadvantagesofthenewrobotinthemedicalfield.

D.Theprocessofreducingpeople'sfearofinjections.

4.Whatwillresearchersprobablydonext?

A.Evaluatetheriskoftherobot.

B.Carryoutmoretestsontherobot.

C.Promotetheapplicationoftherobot.

D.Developotherdevicesformedicaltreatment.

词汇积累

1.therapy〃.心理治疗

2.airbagn.安全气囊

3.clench也（通常表示愤怒、决心或不安时）捏紧，擦紧（拳头等），咬紧（牙

齿等）

4.stimulationn.刺激

1.softrobot软体机器人

2.inresponseto作为...的答复

3.cortisollevels皮质醇水平

4.salivasamples唾液样本

5.stresshormones应激激素；压力荷尔蒙

6.anassessmentscale评估量表

答案BDAC

Althoughitisabusinessnotmanyareawareof.sidewalkrobotsaresetto

becomeanindustrywithannua）salesof$1billionwithinadecade.Thesefour-or

six-wheeledautonomousmachines,usuallythesizeofasuitcase,arealready

deliveringgroceriesinAmerica,ChinaandEurope,whichputsthemaheadofmany

driverlesscarsandlorriesbeingdeveloped.

Thosebiggervehiclesareheldbacknotbytechnologybutregulation.This

meanshavinga“safelydriver”onboardreadytotakeoverifthereisaproblem,

whichishardlylabour-saving.Fortheselargervehicles,regulatorswanttoseesafety

systemsthoroughlyproved.InJanuary2022,Britain'sLawCommission,which

reviewslawmaking,recommendedthatitshouldnotbethepersoninthedriver'sseat

whofacesprosecution（诉讼）ifavehicleinautonomousmodecrashes,butthe

manufacturerorthebodythatsoughtapprovalforitsuse.

However,sidewalkrobotsaregettingonwiththejob.Forexample,Starship

Technologies,basedinSanFrancisco,estimatesithasalreadyclockedupmorethan

2.5milliondeliverieswithrobotsinanumberofcities,universitiesandbusiness

parksinEuropeandAmerica.Amazoniscarryingouttrialswithasimilarsortof

machine.Kiwibot,aColombianstartup,ismakingsidewalkdeliveriesinCalifornia.

Udelv,aCalifornianfirm,isdevelopingalargertypecalledTransportertooperate

athighwayspeeds.

Sidewalkrobotscarryafewbagsofgroceriesusingavarietyofsensors（传感

器）,includingcameras,radarandGPStonavigateandavoidobstaclesand

people.Theirprogresscanbemonitoredonaphoneapp.whichalsounlocksthem

forgoodstoberemoved.Astheyaresmall,moveslowlyandare“telemonitorcd”

（遥控）bypeopleinacontrolroomwhocantakeover,auihoriiiesseemmorewilling

togivethemagreenlight.Suchrobotsarebecomingmoreautonomous.Beingmuch

furtheralongtheroadinearningtheirkeep,thesedeliveryrobotsarehelpingtopave

（hewayforthetimewhenbiggerautonomousvehiclescanjointhem.

1.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Problemscausedbyautonomouscars.

B.Suggestionsforproducingintelligentrobots.

C.Challengesfacedbylargedriverlessvehicles.

D.Theinnovativetechnologyofdeliveryvehicles.

2.Whydoestheauthorgivesomeexamplesinparagraph3?

A.Toprovethesafetyofautonomousmachines.

B.Topresentthedevelopmentofsidewalkrobots.

C.Toencouragethepublictocreatemorerobots.

D.Toshowtheadvantagesofself-drivingtechnology.

3.Whatcanweknowaboutsidewalkrobots?

A.Theyareenvironmertallyfriendly.

B.Theycandistinguishtrafficlightsontheroad.

C.Theymakedeliveriesfasterthanordinarytrucks.

D.Theymakeiteasyforpeopletotrackthedeliveryprocess.

4.Whichsectionofamagazineisthistextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Sportsandmusic.

B.Businessandculture.

C.Scienceandtechnology.

D.Natureandgeography.

词汇积累

1.radar〃.雷达2.navigatev.导航；确定（船、飞机、汽车等）的位置和方向

3.obstaclen.障碍

I.annualsales年销售额2.holdback妨碍进展；抑制3.takeover接替；接

任；接管；接手4.clockup达到（某一数量）5.earnone'skeep挣口饭吃6.

pavethewayfor...为...做好准备

长难句

InJanuary2022,Britain'sLawCommission,whichreviewslawmaking,

recommendedthatitshouldnotbethepersoninthedriver'sseatwhofaces

prosecutionifavehicleinautonomousmodecrashes,butthemanufacturerorthe

bodythatsoughtapprovalforitsuse.

分析：句子主干为"Biiiain'sLawCommissionrecommended',<,"whichreviews

lawmaking”为定语从句,修饰先行词"Britain'sLawCommission**；"thatitshould

notbe...approvalforitsuse"为"recommended”的宾语从句，其中，“whofaces

prosecution”为定语从句，修饰先行词"iheperson,,；“ifavehicleinautonomous

modecrashes”为条件状语从句;"thatsoughtapproval状ritsuse”为定语从句,修

饰先行词"themanufacturerorthebody”。

译文：2022年I月，负责审查立法的英国法律委员会提议，如果自动驾驶车辆

发生事故，面临起诉的不应是驾驶座上的人，而应该是寻求批准其使用的制造商

或机构。

答案CBDC

There'sanewAIbot:ChatGPT,andyou'dbetterpayattention,evenifyouaren'tintoartificial

intelligence.ThetoolisanAIchatbotsystemthatOpenAIreleasedinNovember2022toshowoff

andtestwhataverylarge,powerfulAIsystemcanachieve.

ChatGPTremembers（hethreadofyourdialogue,usingpreviousquestionsandanswersto

informitsnextresponses.ItderivesitsanswersfromhugevolumesofinformationontheInternet.

ChatGPTisbuiltontopoftheOpenAIGPT-3familyoflargelanguagemodelsandisfine-tuned（a

methodoftransferlearning）usingbothsupervisedandreinforcementlearning（监督和弓虽化学习）.

YoucanaskChatGPTanything,likeexplainingphysics,askingfbrbirthdaypartyideasand

gettingprogramming（编程）help.Perhapsit'snotsmartenoughtoreplaceallhumansyet,butit

canbecreative,anditsanswerscansounddownrightauthorilalive.Afewdaysafteritslaunch,more

than1millionpeopleweretryingoutChatGPT.UBSanalystLloydWalmsleyestimatedinFebruary

2023thatChatGPTreached100millionmonthlyusersinJanuary,accomplishingin2monthswhai

tookTikTbkabout9monthsandInstagramtwoandahalfyears.

ChatGPTisfreetouseatthemomentbecauseitisstillinitsresearchphase.Butwhentoo

manypeoplehoponto（heserver（月艮务器）,itoverloadsandcan'tprocessyourrequest.Itjust

meansyoushouldtryvisitingthesiteatalatertimewhenfewerpeoplearetryingtoaccessit.If

youwanttoskipthewaitandhavereliableaccess,thereisanoptionfbryou.AsofFeb.1,2023,

OpenAIhasaChatGPTproplan,ChatGPTPlus,whichallowsuserstohavegeneralaccesseven

duringpeaktimes.ThisservicedoescomeatacostofS20/rrionth.

However,ChatGPTcannotreplaceGoogle.ChatGPTisanartificialintelligencebotthat

providessolutionstoyourquestions,butGoogleisasearchengineinwhichyoucansearchforas

muchinformationaspossible.ChatGPThaslimitedknowledgeduetoitsprogrammingbulGoogle

hasunlimitedknowledgewhichisupdatedeveryday.

I.Whatdoesparagraph2ir.ainlytellusaboutChatGPT?

A.Itslanguagemodel.

B.Itsworkingtheory.

C.Iisdesigninspiration.

D.Itsdevelopmentprocess.2.Whydoestheauthorlistfiguresinparagraph3?

A.ToshowthepopularityofChatGPT.

B.TostressthehighcostofinventingChatGPT.

C.Tbpresentthecreativityofartificialintelligence.

D.Toprovethenecessityofdevelopingtoolsforchattingonline.

3.WhatisChatGPTPlusintendedfor?

A.Guidinguserstoexperiencefreeservices.

B.Allowingnetsurferstoskipadvertisements.

C.Helpingresearchersdetectthefailureofthesystem.

D.Offeringconsumerspriorityaccessduringpeakhours.

4.WhatisalimitationofChatGPTcomparedwithGoogle?

A.Itoperatesbasedonlimiteddata.

B.Ittakesmoretimetosearchforsolutions.

C.Itcanonlyupdateinformationatafixedtime.

D.Itmayproviderepliesur.relatedto(hequestions.

生词

fine-tunev,调整，使有规则

语块

1.artificialintelligence人工智能

2.hugevolumesof大量的

3.searchengine搜索引擎

知识拓展

OpenAI

OpenAI是美国一家人工智能研究公司。其成立于2015年12月，和谷歌、苹果、IBM等知

名公司创办的其它项目共司探索先进计算机技术，解决面部识别或语言翻译等问题。OpenAI

的核心宗旨在于确保通用人工智能(ArtificialIntelligence,AGI),即一种高度自主且在多数具

有经济价值的工作上超越人类的系统，为全人类带来福祉。

答案BADA

Topersist,lifemustreproduce.ScientistsattheUniversityofVermont,TuftsUniversity,and

theWyssInstituteforBiologicallyInspiredEngineeringatHarvardUniversityhavediscoveredan

entirelynewformofbiologicalreproductionandappliedtheirdiscoverytocreatethefirst-ever,

self-replicating（自我复制的）livingrobots.

NamedXenobotsaftertheAfricanclawedfrogfromwhichscientiststaketheirstemcells,the

machinesarelessthan0.04incheswide-smallenoughtotravelinsidehumanbodies.Theycan

walkandswim,surviveforweekswithoutfood,andworktogeiheringroups.Theyevenhave

regenerativecapabilities;whenthescientistsslicedintoonerobot,ithealedbyitselfandkept

moving.

TheXenobotscouldpotentiallybeusedtowardahostoftasks.Xenobotscouldbeusedtoclean

upradio-activewasteandcollectmicroplasticsintheoceans.SomeXenobotshadholesintheir

center,whichcouldpotentiallybeusedtotransportdrugsormedicines.Traditionalrobots"degrade

（降解）overtimeandcanproduceharmfulecologicalandhealthsideeffectsresearcherssaid

inthestudy,whichwaspublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.As

biologicalmachines,Xenobotsarcmoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandsaferforhumanhealth.Aside

fromtheseimmediatepracticaltasks,Xenobotscouldalsohelpresearcherstolearnmoreaboutcell

biology-openingthedoorstofutureadvancementinhumanhealthandlongevity.

Whiletheprospectofself-replicatingbiotechnologycotidsparkconcern,theresearcherssaid

（ha（thelivingmachineswereentirelycontainedinalabandeasilydestroyed,astheyare

biodegradableandregulatedbyexperts."Therearemanythingsthatarepossibleifwetake

advantageofthiskindofplasticity（可塑性）andabilityofcellstosolveproblemssaidJoshua

Bongard,oneof（heleadresearchersattheUniversityofVermont.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains^regenerative'*underlinedinparagraph2?

A.Fightingdisease.

B.Replacingoldcells.

C.Self-cleaningregularly

D.Recoveringandgrowingagain.

2.Whatcanwelearnab