句子成分种类结构课件市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件

中考复习专题句子成份、种类和结构句子成份种类结构课件第1页第1页一、句子含义句子是一个语言单位，由词按照一定语法规则组成，表示一个完整独立意思。从形式上看：一个点就是一个句子。句子成份种类结构课件第2页第2页二、句子成份定义：组成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。句子成份有主要成份和次要成份；主要成份：主语和谓语次要成份：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语句子成份种类结构课件第3页第3页1.

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语句子成份种类结构课件第4页第4页

㈠主语（subject）

句子说明人或事物

Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.（名词）

（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化形容词）（句子）句子成份种类结构课件第5页第5页找出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.

Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.

Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.

Toseeistobelieve.

Helikesdancing.

Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（名词）

（代词）（数词）（动名词）

（不定式）（句子）(名词化形容词）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）Haveatry句子成份种类结构课件第6页第6页㈡谓语

说明主语动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语:

由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing句子成份种类结构课件第7页第7页Showyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名词）(代词）(数词)(名词化形容词)(三)宾语

动作对象或承受者——及物动词或介词宾语（不定式）（动名词）（句子）句子成份种类结构课件第8页第8页宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.Hegaveme

somebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●pleasepassme

thebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriend

someflowers.句子成份种类结构课件第9页第9页（四）表语在系动词后部分就是表语Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelatease.宝贵悠闲，舒适句子成份种类结构课件第10页第10页（五）定语

修饰或限制名词或代词词、词组或从句

Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词全部格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)钢铁药丸句子成份种类结构课件第11页第11页定语后置：假如定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejust

now?句子成份种类结构课件第12页第12页（六）状语

状语功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目标、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随情况等。Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan孤儿.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspite怨恨ofhisillness.时间状语地点状语原因状语结果状语目标状语方式状语条件状语程度状语伴随状语伴随状语句子成份种类结构课件第13页第13页Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.（六）宾语补足语

有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语身份和状态，以补充宾语意义不足，使句子意义完整。这类惯用及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.

Sheaskedmetolendherahand.句子成份种类结构课件第14页第14页同位语位于名词或代词后面，说明它们性质和情况

Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthe

game.名词代词数词从句句子成份种类结构课件第15页第15页句子类型陈说句疑问句普通疑问句三、句子分类和结构按功效分：祈使句感叹句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句句子成份种类结构课件第16页第16页句子类型简单句并列句复合句三、句子分类和结构按结构分：句子成份种类结构课件第17页第17页（一）简单句1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.

主+谓主+谓+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语‹›主+谓+宾+宾补(S+V)(S+V系+P)(S+V+O)(S+V+O1+O2)(S+V+O+C补)结论:简单句最大特点是只有一个S+V.句子成份种类结构课件第18页第18页Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.

Practice‹›主+谓主+谓+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语主+谓+宾+宾补(S+V)(S+V系+P)(S+V+O)(S+V+O1+O2)(S+V+O+C补)句子成份种类结构课件第19页第19页Ⅱ.并列句Thisismeandthesearemyfriends.Theymuststayinwater,ortheywilldie.It’snotcheap,butitisverygood.Itwaslate,soIwenttobed.

andorbutsoHeknockedatthedoor;therewasnoanswer.You’realive!Andshe’sdead.观察句子，做总结句子成份种类结构课件第20页第20页1.并列句特点是什么？

把两个或几个简单句用并列连词或分号连接起来，则成为一个并列句。2.惯用并列连词平行:转折：因果:

选择:

and,both….and….,notonly….butalso….,neither….nor….

but,while,yetfor,soor

句子成份种类结构课件第21页第21页请用适当并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.2.Thedressisreallybeautiful.Ican’taffordit.Hewastired,so

hewenttobed.

Thedressisreallybeautiful,but

Ican’taffordit.句子成份种类结构课件第22页第22页3.Maryiscooking.Johnisgreetingguests.Maryiscooking,andJohnisgreetingguests.4.Heworkshard.Healsolikeshelpingothers.1>.He

notonlyworkshardbuthealsolikeshelpingothers.2>.Notonly

doesheworkhardbuthealsolikeshelpingothers.句子成份种类结构课件第23页第23页名词性从句状语从句定语从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句Ⅲ.复合句分类【记】复合句:主句+从句主句是一个完整句子,它能够独立存在。从句是一个不完整句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.句子成份种类结构课件第24页第24页Bythetimehearrived,

1wehadalreadyleft.2请指出该复合句主句和从句:从句主句句子成份种类结构课件第25页第25页名词性从句1)主语从句（提醒：认识+了解）*Whathesaidisnotknown.*Thatweshallbelateiscertain确实.*Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.*Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!

句子成份种类结构课件第26页第26页2）表语从句（提醒：认识+了解）*Thatiswhathewantstobuy.

*Theproblemisthatwhowecangettoreplace取代her?*Thereasonisthathehasliedtomeseveraltimes.句子成份种类结构课件第27页第27页3)同位语从句*WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldn’tcome?*Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.*Mothermadeapromisethatshewouldbuymeanewcoat.theideaThequestionapromise（提醒：认识+了解）句子成份种类结构课件第28页第28页4)宾语从句（要求：重点复习）*Iunderstandthatheiswellqualified.*Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.

*Idon’tknowifyoucanhelpme.句子成份种类结构课件第29页第29页结论全部名词性从句，都必须有一个引导词引导词常见：that和疑问词注意！引导词that&what

*that与what都能够引导名词性从句。*what在从句中充当句子成份（主,宾,表）。*That在句中只起连接作用，不充当成份。*that在引导名词性从句时不可省略（宾语从句除外）.Thatiswhathewantstobuy.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Hesaid(that)hedidn’tlikeher.句子成份种类结构课件第30页第30页重点复习之一：宾语从句句子成份种类结构课件第31页第31页一、宾语从句概念

宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。Ilikemyteacher.（名词作宾语)Ienjoyplayingbasketball.(动名词作宾语）Idecidetostudyhard.（不定式作宾语）Iknowhim.（代词作宾语）IknowMrLiteachesEnglish.(句子作宾语）Sheaskediftheanswerwasright.(句子作宾语）句子成份种类结构课件第32页第32页二、宾语从句三要素连接词时态语序句子成份种类结构课件第33页第33页（一）连接词1.that引导2.whether/if引导3.连接代词whowhomwhosewhatwhich4.连接副词whenwhywherehow。句子成份种类结构课件第34页第34页（二）语序：陈说句语序

即：陈说句结构（主+谓+其它成份）将以下句子换成陈说句语序1.Isthereabanknearhere?2.IsitonFifthAvenue?3.Aretheydoinghomework?

句子成份种类结构课件第35页第35页（三）时态(时态一致性）主句用现在时态，从句可用任何时态。主句用过去时态，从句可用对应过去时态。Iknowheisateacher.Iknowhewasateacherthreeyearsago.Iknowhehasbeenateacherfor3yearsIknowhewillbeateacheraftergraduation.IknewhewasateacherIknewhehadbeenateacherfor3years.Iknewhewouldbeateacheraftergraduation.句子成份种类结构课件第36页第36页宾语从句专题练习1时态一致性()1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.

A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake

()2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.

A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergone

C.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen

()3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday.

A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are

()4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.

A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay

()5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.

A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelled

句子成份种类结构课件第37页第37页宾语从句专题练习2连接词角度()1Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?

A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that

()2Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.

A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where

()3Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who

()4Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.

A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe

()5Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.

A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when

()6Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?

A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow

()7Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.

AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose

句子成份种类结构课件第38页第38页宾语从句专题练习3陈说句语序角度()1.Theydon'tknow______theirparentsare.

AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich

()2.Pleasetellme______lastyear.

A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterwork

CwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked

()3.SheaskedmeifIknew______.

A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwas

C.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit

句子成份种类结构课件第39页第39页宾语从句专题练习3.陈说句语序角度()4.Youmustremember________.

A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersay

C.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid

()5Didyouknow____?

A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingfor

C.whoheislookingforD.whoheislookingafter

()6Couldyoutellme___?

A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijing

C.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing句子成份种类结构课件第40页第40页复习重点之二：定语从句句子成份种类结构课件第41页第41页什么是定语从句呢？结构：先行词+关系词+句子用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用句子叫作定语从句。句子成份种类结构课件第42页第42页先行词关系词定语从句Maryisagirlwho

haslonghair.关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatWhere,when句子成份种类结构课件第43页第43页关系词关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词:when,where,why关系代词：

指物：thatwhich指人：who(主/宾格)thatwhom（宾格）句子成份种类结构课件第44页第44页

定语从句使用方法:当先行词是物时,用which

或that引导.Thesearethetrees

which

wereplantedlastyear.当先行词是人时,用who,whom,whose,that引导.句子成份种类结构课件第45页第45页who,whom,whose,that使用方法区分.who

作定语从句主语或宾语.Themanwho

isspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解作主语句子成份种类结构课件第46页第46页Whom

作定语从句宾语Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解作宾语句子成份种类结构课件第47页第47页whose作定语从句定语.Iknowthegirlwhose

motherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语句子成份种类结构课件第48页第48页Thisisadream.Thedreamwillnevercometrue.Thisisadream

which/thatwillnevercometrue.Thedoghasbeenfound.Thedogwaslost.Thedogwhichwaslosthasbeenfound.Practise:Thisisthehousewhichisforsale.2.Thebookwhichislyingonthefloorismine.which/that作主语.(不能省)（作主语）句子成份种类结构课件第49页第49页which/that作宾语：（可省略）Thisisthecard.I’vejustreceivedthecard.Thisisthecardwhich/thatI’vejustreceived.Practise:Thisisthemistakewhich/thatIalwaysmake.

Istillkeeptheletters

whichshewrotetome.

Ilostthepen

whichmyfatherboughtme.()（作宾语）句子成份种类结构课件第50页第50页who/that作主语.(不能省)Thisisthefilmstar.ThefilmstarisverypopularinChina.ThisisthefilmstarwhoisverypopularinChina.(作主语)TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledRoy.Doyouknowtheman

whospokeatthemeetingyesterday?Thegirlwhoiswateringtheflowers

ismycousin./that句子成份种类结构课件第51页第51页who/whom/that作宾语：(可省略)Themanisafamouswriter.Hedescribedthemanjustnow.Theman(who/whom/that)hedescribedjustnowisafamouswriter.

(作宾语）Theboywho(m)I‘mlookingforismyfriend.Thethiefhasbeensenttoprison.

Thepolicecaughtthethieflastnight.

Thethiefwhomthepolicecaughtlastnighthasbeensenttoprison.句子成份种类结构课件第52页第52页小结：that－既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，能够省略。which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，能够省略.who－指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，能够省略,（惯用whom）注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句谓语动词形式由先行词定。句子成份种类结构课件第53页第53页只能用that,不用which,常见情况有六种：当先行词是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone或被它们修饰时。Eg:That’sallthatIknow.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?

Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时

Eg:Thatisthemostinterestingbook

thatIhaveeverread.

Thefirstthing

thatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.句子成份种类结构课件第54页第54页3.当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame等修饰时。Eg:That’stheonlythingthatIcandonow.Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.4.当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句关系词用that,而不用which或who.Eg:Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepen

thatyoulost?5.先行词同时包含人或物时，关系词用that.Eg:Themanandhisdog

thatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.句子成份种类结构课件第55页第55页

只能用which,不用that情况

(1)

“介词＋关系代词”能够引导限制性定语从句，也能够引导非限制性定语从句。"介词＋关系代词"结构中介词是in,

on,

about,

from,

for,

with,

to

at,

of,

without

等,关系代词只可用whom或

which,不可用that

。

Eg:Is

that

the

house

in

which

you

live

?

(2)像listen

to,

look

at,

take

care

of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中普通不宜将介词与动词分开。Eg:This

is

the

boy

whom

she

has

taken

care

of.句子成份种类结构课件第56页第56页状语从句（提醒：了解）分为九类：时间、地点