经典高考试题及答案

经典高考试题及答案

语文——2022年全国甲卷作文题-题目：《红楼梦》写到“大观园试才题对额”时有一个情节，为元妃（贾元春）省亲修建的大观园竣工后，众人给园中桥上亭子的匾额题名。有人主张从欧阳修《醉翁亭记》“有亭翼然”一句中，取“翼然”二字；贾政认为“此亭压水而成”，题名“还须偏于水”，主张从“泻出于两峰之间”中拈出一个“泻”字，有人即附和题为“泻玉”；贾宝玉则觉得用“沁芳”更为新雅，贾政点头默许。“沁芳”二字，点出了花木映水的佳境，不落俗套；也契合元妃省亲之事，蕴藉含蓄，思虑周全。以上材料中，众人给匾额题名，或直接移用，或借鉴化用，或根据情境独创，产生了不同的艺术效果。这个现象也能在更广泛的领域给人以启示，引发深入思考。请你结合自己的学习和生活经验，写一篇文章。要求：选准角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要套作，不得抄袭；不得泄露个人信息；不少于800字。-答案思路：这道题可从不同的题名方式出发立意。比如从“直接移用”可联想到继承已有成果，在学习中直接借鉴经典知识；“借鉴化用”能想到在继承基础上进行创新，像文学创作中化用前人诗句；“根据情境独创”则强调创新的重要性，在科技领域不断开拓新的道路。写作时结合自身学习和生活中遇到的相关事例，如学习数学时借鉴经典解题方法并创新思路，或者在社团活动中独创活动形式等，来支撑观点。数学——2021年全国乙卷理科第17题-题目：记$\{a_{n}\}$是公差不为零的等差数列，$S_{n}$为其前$n$项和，已知$S_{9}=36$，且$a_{2}$，$a_{5}$，$a_{14}$成等比数列。-求数列$\{a_{n}\}$的通项公式；-求数列$\left\{\dfrac{1}{a_{n}a_{n+1}}\right\}$的前$n$项和$T_{n}$。-答案：-首先求数列\(\{a_{n}\}\)的通项公式。设等差数列\(\{a_{n}\}\)的公差为\(d(d\neq0)\)，首项为\(a_{1}\)。根据等差数列前\(n\)项和公式\(S_{n}=na_{1}+\frac{n(n-1)}{2}d\)，已知\(S_{9}=36\)，则\(9a_{1}+\frac{9\times(9-1)}{2}d=36\)，即\(9a_{1}+36d=36\)，化简得\(a_{1}+4d=4\)，所以\(a_{1}=4-4d\)。因为\(a_{2}\)，\(a_{5}\)，\(a_{14}\)成等比数列，所以\(a_{5}^{2}=a_{2}a_{14}\)。由等差数列通项公式\(a_{n}=a_{1}+(n-1)d\)可得\((a_{1}+4d)^{2}=(a_{1}+d)(a_{1}+13d)\)。把\(a_{1}=4-4d\)代入\((a_{1}+4d)^{2}=(a_{1}+d)(a_{1}+13d)\)中：\((4-4d+4d)^{2}=(4-4d+d)(4-4d+13d)\)，即\(16=(4-3d)(4+9d)\)。展开得\(16=16+36d-12d-27d^{2}\)，移项得\(27d^{2}-24d=0\)，因为\(d\neq0\)，两边同时除以\(3d\)得\(9d-8=0\)，解得\(d=\frac{8}{9}\)。把\(d=\frac{8}{9}\)代入\(a_{1}=4-4d\)得\(a_{1}=4-4\times\frac{8}{9}=4-\frac{32}{9}=\frac{4}{9}\)。所以\(a_{n}=a_{1}+(n-1)d=\frac{4}{9}+(n-1)\times\frac{8}{9}=\frac{4}{9}+\frac{8n}{9}-\frac{8}{9}=\frac{8n-4}{9}=\frac{4(2n-1)}{9}\)。-然后求数列\(\left\{\dfrac{1}{a_{n}a_{n+1}}\right\}\)的前\(n\)项和\(T_{n}\)。因为\(\frac{1}{a_{n}a_{n+1}}=\frac{9}{4(2n-1)\times4(2n+1)}=\frac{9}{16}\times\frac{1}{(2n-1)(2n+1)}=\frac{9}{32}\left(\frac{1}{2n-1}-\frac{1}{2n+1}\right)\)。所以\(T_{n}=\frac{9}{32}\left[\left(1-\frac{1}{3}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}\right)+\cdots+\left(\frac{1}{2n-1}-\frac{1}{2n+1}\right)\right]\)。括号内中间项都消去，可得\(T_{n}=\frac{9}{32}\left(1-\frac{1}{2n+1}\right)=\frac{9}{32}\times\frac{2n+1-1}{2n+1}=\frac{9n}{16(2n+1)}\)。英语——2020年全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解B篇-题目：-5.WhichparagraphmentionsademandforwatercontrolinVenice?-A.Paragraph2.-B.Paragraph3.-C.Paragraph4.-D.Paragraph5.-6.WhatdoweknowaboutthecanalsinVenice?-A.They'reblockedbynewbuildings.-B.They'reseriouslypolluted.-C.They'vebeenwidened.-D.They'veneedrepairs.-7.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?-A.Toprotecttheseawall.-B.Tofixtheoldwaterways.-C.Toimprovethecity'senvironment.-D.Toincreasethevolumeofthecanals.-8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?-A.TheReturnoftheWaterways-B.TheFutureofVenice-C.TheHistoryoftheCanals-D.TheBeautyofVenice-原文：VeniceisacityinnortheasternItalyandisbuiltonmorethan100smallislandsintheAdriaticSea.Ithasalwaysbeenafamousplacefortouristsaroundtheworld.Peoplefromallovertheworldgotheretoenjoythebeautifulscenery,thefood,andtheamazingarchitecture.Thecityhasarichhistoryandculture,anditisalsoknownforitscanals.ThecanalsinVeniceareitsmaintransportationroutes.Theyarelikestreetsinothercities,andpeopleuseboatstogetaround.However,overtheyears,thecanalshavefacedmanyproblems.Oneofthebiggestproblemsisthattheyareinneedofrepair.Thewaterinthecanalsisalsopolluted,andthishasanegativeimpactontheenvironment.Anotherproblemisthedemandforwatercontrol.Veniceissinking,andthesealevelisrising.Thismeansthatmorewaterisflowingintothecity,andthereisaneedtocontroltheamountofwaterthatentersthecanals.Toaddresstheseproblems,aprojectcalledtheVeniceCanalsRestorationProjecthasbeenlaunched.Theprojectaimstoimprovethecity'senvironmentbycleaningthecanalsandrepairingthewaterways.Italsoinvolvesbuildingnewwatercontrolsystemstomanagethewaterflow.Theprojectisexpectedtotakeseveralyearstocomplete,anditwillrequirealotofmoneyandresources.Oncetheprojectiscompleted,thecanalswillbecleanerandmorebeautiful.Peoplewillbeabletoenjoyboatingandotherwater-relatedactivitiesinahealthierenvironment.Theprojectwillalsohelptoprotectthecity'suniquearchitectureandculturalheritage.-答案：-5.答案选B。在第三段中提到“Anotherproblemisthedemandforwatercontrol”，明确指出了威尼斯对水控制的需求。-6.答案选D。从第二段“Oneofthebiggestproblemsisthattheyareinneedofrepair”可知，威尼斯的运河需要维修。-7.答案选C。由第四段“Theprojectaimst