2026年环境英语监测报告考试复习题含答案

2026年环境英语监测报告考试复习题含答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20题）1.Whichofthefollowingistheprimaryindicatorofairpollutioninurbanareas?A.Nitrogendioxide(NO₂)B.Oxygen(O₂)C.Carbonmonoxide(CO)D.Argon(Ar)2.Whatdoestheterm"PM2.5"refertoinenvironmentalmonitoring?A.Particulatematterwithadiameterof2.5micrometersorlargerB.Particulatematterwithadiameterof2.5micrometersorsmallerC.NitrogenparticlesD.Sulfurparticles3.Whichofthesegasesismostresponsibleforthegreenhouseeffect?A.Oxygen(O₂)B.Methane(CH₄)C.Helium(He)D.Neon(Ne)4.ThepHlevelof5.6isconsidered:A.AcidicB.NeutralC.AlkalineD.Slightlyacidic5.Whatisthemainpurposeofa"biodegradationtest"inwaterqualityassessment?A.TomeasurethepresenceofheavymetalsB.ToevaluatetheabilityofmicroorganismstobreakdownpollutantsC.TodeterminethedissolvedoxygenlevelD.Toassesstheturbidityofwater6.Whichinstrumentiscommonlyusedtomeasuretheconcentrationofsulfurdioxide(SO₂)intheair?A.pHmeterB.TurbiditysensorC.UV-VisspectrophotometerD.Gaschromatograph7.The"RedList"inenvironmentalmonitoringrefersto:A.AlistofendangeredspeciesB.AlistofhazardouschemicalsC.AlistofpollutionsourcesD.Alistofnon-renewableresources8.Whatistheprimaryfunctionofan"emissionfactor"inairpollutionstudies?A.TocalculatethetotalpollutiongeneratedbyasourceB.TodeterminetheefficiencyofapollutioncontroldeviceC.TomeasuretheconcentrationofpollutantsintheairD.Toassesstheimpactofwindonpollutiondispersion9.Whichofthefollowingisakeyparameterinassessingsoilcontamination?A.WatercontentB.pHlevelC.OrganicmattercontentD.Alloftheabove10.The"KyotoProtocol"primarilytargetsthereductionof:A.Carbondioxide(CO₂)emissionsB.Methane(CH₄)emissionsC.Nitrousoxide(N₂O)emissionsD.Alloftheabove二、填空题（每题2分，共10题）1.Theprocessofconvertingharmfulpollutantsintolesstoxicsubstancesiscalled________.2.The"WorldEnvironmentDay"iscelebratedon________everyyear.3.Theunit"ppb"standsfor________inenvironmentalmonitoring.4.Thechemicalformulaforsulfurdioxideis________.5.The"Eutrophication"ofwaterbodiesiscausedbyexcessive________levels.6.The"LULUCF"sectorrefersto________ingreenhousegasaccounting.7.The"BOD"testmeasurestheamountof________thatmicroorganismsconsume.8.The"MontrealProtocol"aimedtophaseouttheproductionof________.9.The"PM10"referstoparticulatematterwithadiameterof________orsmaller.10.The"VOCs"inairpollutionreferto________organiccompounds.三、简答题（每题5分，共5题）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"pointsourcepollution"and"non-pointsourcepollution."2.Whatarethemaincausesofacidrain,andhowdoesitaffecttheenvironment?3.Describetheroleof"bioremediation"inenvironmentalpollutioncontrol.4.WhatarethekeychallengesinmonitoringairpollutioninmegacitieslikeBeijing?5.Explainthesignificanceofthe"ParisAgreement"inglobalclimatechangemitigation.四、论述题（每题10分，共2题）1.Discusstheenvironmentalimpactofplasticpollutionincoastalregions,includingitscausesandpotentialsolutions.2.Analyzetheroleofsatellitetechnologyinenvironmentalmonitoringanditsadvantagesoverground-basedmethods.答案及解析一、选择题答案1.A.Nitrogendioxide(NO₂)解析：NO₂是城市空气污染的主要指标之一，常见于交通排放和工业活动。2.B.Particulatematterwithadiameterof2.5micrometersorsmaller解析：PM2.5指直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物，对人体健康和空气质量影响显著。3.B.Methane(CH₄)解析：CH₄是温室气体中强效的之一，尽管浓度较低，但温室效应潜能远高于CO₂。4.A.Acidic解析：pH值低于7为酸性，5.6已属于轻度酸性，常见于工业废水排放区域。5.B.Toevaluatetheabilityofmicroorganismstobreakdownpollutants解析：生物降解测试评估微生物对污染物的分解能力，用于判断水体自净能力。6.C.UV-Visspectrophotometer解析：紫外可见分光光度计常用于SO₂等气体的浓度测定，通过吸收光谱分析。7.A.Alistofendangeredspecies解析："红色名录"记录受威胁物种，用于生物多样性保护评估。8.A.Tocalculatethetotalpollutiongeneratedbyasource解析：排放因子用于估算特定活动（如交通、工业）产生的污染物总量。9.D.Alloftheabove解析：土壤污染评估需综合考虑水分、pH值和有机质等参数。10.D.Alloftheabove解析：京都议定书旨在减少CO₂、CH₄和N₂O等温室气体排放。二、填空题答案1.Biodegradation2.June53.Partsperbillion4.SO₂5.Nutrients6.LandUse,Land-UseChange,andForestry7.Organicmatter8.Ozone-depletingsubstances9.10micrometers10.Volatileorganiccompounds三、简答题答案1."Pointsourcepollution"referstopollutionfromasingle,identifiablesource(e.g.,afactorypipe),while"non-pointsourcepollution"comesfromdiffusesources(e.g.,agriculturalrunoff).2.AcidrainiscausedbySO₂andNOₓemissions,whichreactwithwatertoformacids.Itdamagesforests,lakes,andinfrastructure.3.Bioremediationusesmicroorganismstobreakdownpollutants(e.g.,oilspills),offeringaneco-friendlydisposalmethod.4.Challengesinmonitoringairpollutioninmegacitiesincludehightrafficdensity,industrialemissions,andcomplextopographyaffectingdispersion.5.TheParisAgreementaimstolimitglobalwarmingto1.5°C,withnationscommittingtoreduceemissionsviaNationallyDeterminedContributions(NDCs).四、论述题答案1.Plasticpollutionincoastalregionsstemsfromwastemismanagementandoceancurrents.Itharmsmarinelife(ingestion,entanglement)anddegradesintomicroplastics,enteringthefoodchain.Solutionsincludereducingsingle-useplastics,improvingrecycling,andcoastalcleanupcampai