托福阅读理解测试题库及参考答案

托福阅读理解测试题库及参考答案考试时长：120分钟满分：100分试卷名称：托福阅读理解测试题库考核对象：托福考试考生题型分值分布：-判断题（总共10题，每题2分）总分20分-单选题（总共10题，每题2分）总分20分-多选题（总共10题，每题2分）总分20分-案例分析（总共3题，每题6分）总分18分-论述题（总共2题，每题11分）总分22分总分：100分---一、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.ThepassagementionsthatthemainpurposeoftheancientcityofMachuPicchuwasforreligiousceremonies.2.Accordingtothepassage,theIncaEmpirewaslocatedinmodern-dayMexico.3.TheauthorsuggeststhattheIncaroadsystemwasbuiltprimarilyformilitarypurposes.4.ThepassagestatesthattheIncasdidnothaveawrittenlanguage.5.TheauthorimpliesthatthedeclineoftheIncaEmpirewasmainlyduetoEuropeandiseases.6.ThepassagementionsthattheIncaEmpirewaslargerthantheRomanEmpireatitspeak.7.TheauthornotesthattheIncasusedquinoaastheirmainsourceoffood.8.ThepassagestatesthattheIncaarchitecturewassimilartothatoftheMayans.9.TheauthorsuggeststhattheIncashadadvancedknowledgeofastronomy.10.ThepassagementionsthattheIncaEmpirewasconqueredbytheSpanishinthe16thcentury.二、单选题（每题2分，共20分）1.WhatwastheprimarypurposeoftheancientcityofMachuPicchuaccordingtothepassage?A.Itwasamajortradecenter.B.Itservedasareligiousandadministrativehub.C.Itwasamilitaryfortress.D.Itwasaresidentialareafortheemperor.2.WherewastheIncaEmpireprimarilylocated?A.Modern-dayMexicoB.Modern-dayPeruandBoliviaC.Modern-dayChileD.Modern-dayArgentina3.WhatwasthemainpurposeoftheIncaroadsystem?A.MilitarytransportationB.TradeandcommunicationC.ReligiouspilgrimageD.Agriculturaldistribution4.WhatdidtheIncasuseinsteadofawrittenlanguage?A.PictogramsB.HieroglyphsC.SpokenQuechuaD.Knotsandcolors(khipu)5.WhatwasamajorfactorinthedeclineoftheIncaEmpire?A.InternalconflictsB.EuropeandiseasesC.EnvironmentalchangesD.Alloftheabove6.HowdidthesizeoftheIncaEmpirecomparetotheRomanEmpire?A.TheIncaEmpirewassmaller.B.TheIncaEmpirewaslarger.C.Theywereaboutthesamesize.D.Thepassagedoesnotmentionthiscomparison.7.WhatwasthemainsourceoffoodfortheIncas?A.CornB.QuinoaC.PotatoesD.Rice8.HowdidIncaarchitecturedifferfromthatoftheMayans?A.TheIncasusedstone,whiletheMayansusedwood.B.TheIncasbuiltterraces,whiletheMayansbuiltpyramids.C.TheIncashadnoarchitecturalstyle,whiletheMayansdid.D.TheIncasandMayanshadidenticalarchitecturalstyles.9.WhatdidtheIncasusetheiradvancedknowledgeofastronomyfor?A.NavigationB.ReligiousceremoniesC.AgriculturalplanningD.Alloftheabove10.WhenwastheIncaEmpireconqueredbytheSpanish?A.15thcenturyB.16thcenturyC.17thcenturyD.18thcentury三、多选题（每题2分，共20分）1.WhatwerethekeyfeaturesoftheIncaroadsystem?A.Itconnectedmajorcitiesandregions.B.Itincludedbridgesandtunnels.C.Itwasbuiltusingadvancedengineeringtechniques.D.Itwasprimarilyusedformilitarypurposes.2.WhatdidtheIncasusequinoafor?A.FoodB.TextilesC.MedicineD.Construction3.WhatwerethemainreasonsforthedeclineoftheIncaEmpire?A.EuropeandiseasesB.InternalconflictsC.EnvironmentalchangesD.Spanishmilitarytactics4.WhatdidtheIncasusetheirknowledgeofastronomyfor?A.AgriculturalplanningB.ReligiousceremoniesC.NavigationD.Buildingtemples5.WhatweresomeoftheachievementsofIncaarchitecture?A.Useofstonewithoutmortar.B.Integrationwithnaturallandscapes.C.Advanceddrainagesystems.D.SimilaritytoMayanarchitecture.6.WhatdidtheIncasusekhipu(knotsandcolors)for?A.RecordinginformationB.ReligiousritualsC.CommunicationD.Artisticexpression7.WhatwerethemainchallengesfacedbytheIncas?A.Lackofawrittenlanguage.B.Mountainousterrain.C.Limitedresources.D.Europeandiseases.8.WhatdidtheSpanishbringtotheIncaEmpirethatcontributedtoitsdecline?A.Horses.B.Steelweapons.C.Newdiseases.D.Advancedagriculturetechniques.9.WhatweresomeoftheIncaEmpire'sachievements?A.Advancedroadsystem.B.Uniquearchitecture.C.Efficientagriculturalpractices.D.Strongmilitary.10.WhatdidtheIncasusetheiradvancedknowledgeofagriculturefor?A.Growingmultiplecropsinthesamearea.B.Creatingterracesonsteephillsides.C.Usingquinoaandpotatoesasstaplefoods.D.Developingirrigationsystems.四、案例分析（每题6分，共18分）1.AtouristvisitsMachuPicchuandobservesitslocationhighintheAndesMountains.ThetouristnoticesthatthecitywasnotconnectedbyroadstoothermajorIncacities.ExplainhowthislocationandlackofdirectroadconnectionsmighthaveaffectedtheIncaEmpire'sadministrationandsurvival.2.AhistorianstudiestheIncaroadsystemandfindsthatitwasbuiltwithoutusingmortar,yetithaslastedforcenturies.DescribehowtheIncas'engineeringtechniquesandmaterialsmighthavecontributedtothedurabilityoftheirroadsystem.3.AmedicalresearcherstudiesthedeclineoftheIncaEmpireandfindsthatEuropeandiseasesplayedasignificantrole.ExplainhowthelackofimmunitytothesediseasesmighthaveweakenedtheIncapopulationandcontributedtotheirdownfall.五、论述题（每题11分，共22分）1.DiscussthekeyfactorsthatcontributedtotheriseandfalloftheIncaEmpire.Explainhoweachfactorplayedaroleinshapingtheempire'shistory.2.CompareandcontrasttheIncaEmpirewithanotherancientcivilization,suchastheRomanEmpireortheMayanEmpire.Focusontheirpoliticalstructures,architecturalachievements,andreasonsfordecline.---标准答案及解析一、判断题1.×(MachuPicchuwasprimarilyareligiousandadministrativehub.)2.×(TheIncaEmpirewaslocatedinmodern-dayPeruandBolivia.)3.×(TheIncaroadsystemwasprimarilybuiltfortradeandcommunication.)4.×(TheIncasusedkhipu(knotsandcolors)asasystemtorecordinformation.)5.√(EuropeandiseaseswereamajorfactorinthedeclineoftheIncaEmpire.)6.×(TheIncaEmpirewassmallerthantheRomanEmpireatitspeak.)7.√(QuinoawasthemainsourceoffoodfortheIncas.)8.×(IncaarchitecturewasdistinctfromMayanarchitecture.)9.√(TheIncasusedtheirknowledgeofastronomyfornavigation,religiousceremonies,andagriculturalplanning.)10.√(TheIncaEmpirewasconqueredbytheSpanishinthe16thcentury.)解析：-ThepassagestatesthatMachuPicchuwasareligiousandadministrativehub,notprimarilyatradecenter.-TheIncaEmpirewasprimarilylocatedinmodern-dayPeruandBolivia,notMexico.-TheIncaroadsystemwasbuiltfortradeandcommunication,notmilitarypurposes.-TheIncasusedkhipuasasystemtorecordinformationinsteadofawrittenlanguage.-Europeandiseases,suchassmallpox,significantlyweakenedtheIncapopulation.-TheIncaEmpirewassmallerthantheRomanEmpireatitspeak.-QuinoawasastaplefoodfortheIncasduetoitsnutritionalvalue.-IncaarchitecturewasdistinctfromMayanarchitecture,withuniquefeatureslikestonemasonrywithoutmortar.-TheIncasusedtheirknowledgeofastronomyfornavigation,religiousceremonies,andagriculturalplanning.-TheSpanishconqueredtheIncaEmpireinthe16thcentury,ledbyFranciscoPizarro.二、单选题1.B2.B3.B4.D5.B6.A7.B8.A9.D10.B解析：-MachuPicchuwasprimarilyareligiousandadministrativehub.-TheIncaEmpirewaslocatedinmodern-dayPeruandBolivia.-TheIncaroadsystemwasprimarilybuiltfortradeandcommunication.-TheIncasusedkhipu(knotsandcolors)asasystemtorecordinformation.-EuropeandiseaseswereamajorfactorinthedeclineoftheIncaEmpire.-TheIncaEmpirewassmallerthantheRomanEmpireatitspeak.-QuinoawasthemainsourceoffoodfortheIncas.-Incaarchitectureusedstonewithoutmortar,whileMayanarchitectureuseddifferentmaterials.-TheIncasusedtheirknowledgeofastronomyfornavigation,religiousceremonies,andagriculturalplanning.-TheIncaEmpirewasconqueredbytheSpanishinthe16thcentury.三、多选题1.A,B,C2.A,B3.A,B,C4.A,B,C5.A,B,C6.A,C7.A,B,C,D8.A,B,C9.A,B,C,D10.A,B,C,D解析：-TheIncaroadsystemconnectedmajorcitiesandregions,includedbridgesandtunnels,andwasbuiltusingadvancedengineeringtechniques.-TheIncasusedquinoaforfoodandtextiles.-ThedeclineoftheIncaEmpirewasduetoEuropeandiseases,internalconflicts,andenvironmentalchanges.-TheIncasusedtheirknowledgeofastronomyforagriculturalplanning,religiousceremonies,andnavigation.-Incaarchitectureusedstonewithoutmortar,integratedwithnaturallandscapes,andhadadvanceddrainagesystems.-TheIncasusedkhiputorecordinformationandforcommunication.-TheIncasfacedchallengessuchasalackofawrittenlanguage,mountainousterrain,limitedresources,andEuropeandiseases.-TheSpanishbroughthorses,steelweapons,andnewdiseasestotheIncaEmpire.-TheIncaEmpire'sachievementsincludedanadvancedroadsystem,uniquearchitecture,efficientagriculturalpractices,andastrongmilitary.-TheIncasusedtheiradvancedknowledgeofagricultureforgrowingmultiplecrops,creatingterraces,usingquinoaandpotatoes,anddevelopingirrigationsystems.四、案例分析1.MachuPicchu'sLocationandRoadConnectionsMachuPicchuwaslocatedhighintheAndesMountains,whichprovidednaturalprotectionbutalsomadeitdifficulttoaccess.ThelackofdirectroadconnectionstoothermajorIncacitiesmadeitchallengingfortheempiretoefficientlytransportgoods,communicate,andrespondtothreats.Thisisolationmighthaveweakenedtheempire'sabilitytomaintaincontroloveritsvastterritories.2.IncaRoadSystemEngineeringTheIncaroadsystemwasbuiltwithoutusingmortar,yetithaslastedforcenturiesduetotheIncas'advancedengineeringtechniquesandtheuseofhigh-qualitymaterials.Theroadswereconstructedtofitthenaturalcontoursofthelandscape,usinglargestonesthatinterlockedwithouttheneedformortar.Thisdesignallowedtheroadstowithstandharshweatherconditionsandheavyuse.3.EuropeanDiseasesandIncaDeclineEuropeandiseases,suchassmallpox,playedasignificantroleinthedeclineoftheIncaEmpire.TheIncashadnoimmunitytothesediseases,whichspreadrapidlythroughtheirpopulation,causingwidespreaddeathandweakeningtheempire'sabilitytoresistSpanishconquest.Thelackofimmunitywasamajorfactorintheempire'sdownfall.五、论述题1.FactorsContributingtotheRiseandFalloftheIncaEmpireTheIncaEmpirerosetoprominenceduetoitsadvancedagriculturalpractices,efficientroadsystem,andstrongmilitary.Theempire'sabilitytogrowmultiplecropsinthesamearea,createterracesonsteephillsides,anddevelopirrigationsystemsensuredastablefoodsupply.Theroadsystemconnectedmajorcitiesandregions,facilitatingtradeandcommunication.TheIncasalsousedtheirknowledgeofastronomyfornavigationandagriculturalplanning.However,theempire'sfallwasduetoEuropeandiseases,internalconflicts,andSpanishmilitarytactics.Europeandiseases,