《过程控制技术》课件-调节阀的选择

Selectionofcontrolvalves调节阀的选择落版在此调节阀的选择Selectionofcontrolvalves谢聪XieCong主讲教师Teacher调节阀结构选择Selectionofcontrolvalvestructure气开与气关工作方式选择Selectionofair-to-openandair-to-closeoperationmodes调节阀口径选择Selectionofcontrolvalvediameter调节阀的选择Selectionofcontrolvalves调节阀Controlvalve系统的稳定性Systemstability能耗水平Energyconsumptionlevel安全生产Worksafety调节阀的选择Selectionofcontrolvalves选对了，它能像一位精准的指挥家，让整个生产流程行云流水。Appropriatecontrolvalvecancreateasmoothandseamlessproductionprocesslikeapreciseconductor.调节阀的选择Selectionofcontrolvalves选错了，不仅会让控制效果大打折扣，还可能埋下各种隐患。Inappropriatecontrolvalvenotonlycansignificantlyreducethecontroleffect,butalsomaycausevarioushiddendangers.Selectionofcontrolvalves调节阀的选择气开与气关工作方式Air-to-openandair-to-closeoperationmodes调节阀口径Controlvalvediameter调节阀结构Controlvalvestructure选用调节阀SelectionofcontrolvalvesSelectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择Selectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择通常根据工艺需要和使用条件：usuallyselectedbasedonprocessrequirementsandoperatingconditions:如介质温度、压力，介质物理、化学特性（如粘度、腐蚀性等），以及对介质流量的控制要求等，选择调节阀的结构形式。suchasmediatemperature,pressure,physicalandchemicalpropertiesofmedia(e.g.,viscosity,corrosiveness),andmediumflowcontrolrequirements.Selectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择一般介质选用直通单座阀或直通双座阀Single-seatstraight-throughvalveorstraight-throughdouble-seatvalveisadoptedforgeneralmedia高压介质选用高压阀High-pressurevalveisadoptedforhigh-pressuremedia强腐蚀介质采用隔膜阀diaphragmvalveisadoptedforhighlycorrosivemediaSelectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择Selectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择气动薄膜单座调节阀Pneumaticdiaphragmsingle-seatcontrolvalveSelectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择气动薄膜单座调节阀Pneumaticdiaphragmsingle-seatcontrolvalve气动薄膜双座调节阀Pneumaticdiaphragmdouble-seatcontrolvalveSelectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择气动薄膜单座调节阀Pneumaticdiaphragmsingle-seatcontrolvalve气动薄膜双座调节阀Pneumaticdiaphragmdouble-seatcontrolvalve气动薄膜套筒调节阀PneumaticdiaphragmsleevecontrolvalveSelectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择结构特点Structuralfeature只有一个阀芯和阀座，在小流量、高压力的工况下，控制精度比较高，受不平衡力影响相对大些。Ithasonlyonevalveplugandseat,sothecontrolaccuracyisrelativelyhighbutitismoreaffectedbyunbalancedforcesunderlow-flowandhigh-pressureconditions.气动薄膜单座调节阀Pneumaticdiaphragmsingle-seatcontrolvalve气动薄膜双座调节阀Pneumaticdiaphragmdouble-seatcontrolvalve气动薄膜套筒调节阀Pneumaticdiaphragmsleevecontrolvalve适合对泄漏量要求严格、流量不大的场合常用ItissuitableforapplicationswithstrictleakagecontrolrequirementsandlowflowSelectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择结构特点Structuralfeature只有一个阀芯和阀座，在小流量、高压力的工况下，控制精度比较高，受不平衡力影响相对大些。Ithasonlyonevalveplugandseat,sothecontrolaccuracyisrelativelyhighbutitismoreaffectedbyunbalancedforcesunderlow-flowandhigh-pressureconditions.气动薄膜单座调节阀Pneumaticdiaphragmsingle-seatcontrolvalve气动薄膜双座调节阀Pneumaticdiaphragmdouble-seatcontrolvalve气动薄膜套筒调节阀Pneumaticdiaphragmsleevecontrolvalve适合对泄漏量要求严格、流量不大的场合常用Itissuitableforapplicationswithstrictleakagecontrolrequirementsandlowflow结构特点Structuralfeature有两个阀芯和阀座，因为流体作用在两个阀芯上的力，方向相反能部分抵消，所以不平衡力小。Ithastwovalveplugsandseats,sofluidforcesontwoplugsinoppositedirectioncancounteracteachother,resultinginsmallerunbalancedforces.适合大流量、压力中等的场合ItissuitableforapplicationswithhighflowandmediumpressureSelectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择气动薄膜双座调节阀Pneumaticdiaphragmdouble-seatcontrolvalve气动薄膜套筒调节阀Pneumaticdiaphragmsleevecontrolvalve结构特点Structuralfeature有两个阀芯和阀座，因为流体作用在两个阀芯上的力，方向相反能部分抵消，所以不平衡力小。Ithastwovalveplugsandseats,sofluidforcesontwoplugsinoppositedirectioncancounteracteachother,resultinginsmallerunbalancedforces.适合大流量、压力中等的场合Itissuitableforapplicationswithhighflowandmediumpressure结构特点Structuralfeature阀芯套在套筒里，通过改变套筒窗口形状和大小来调节流量。稳定性好，振动小，有效降低噪音。Thevalveplugisfittedinsidethesleeve,andflowisadjustedbychangingtheshapeandsizeofthesleevewindow.Itfeaturesexcellentstability,minimalvibration,andeffectivenoisereduction.适合对平稳性、降噪有要求，比如流量变化大、易产生振荡的工况。Itissuitableforapplicationswithstabilityandnoisereductionrequirements,suchashighlyvariablefloworoscillation-proneconditions.Selectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择气动薄膜隔膜阀Diaphragmvalveofpneumaticdiaphragm气动薄膜精小型调节阀Compactcontrolvalveofpneumaticdiaphragm气动薄膜三通调节阀Three-waycontrolvalveofpneumaticdiaphragmSelectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择气动薄膜隔膜阀Diaphragmvalveofpneumaticdiaphragm气动薄膜精小型调节阀Compactcontrolvalveofpneumaticdiaphragm气动薄膜三通调节阀Three-waycontrolvalveofpneumaticdiaphragm“隔膜”“Diaphragm”关键Key耐腐蚀隔膜Corrosion-resistantdiaphragm适用介质：强酸碱等强腐蚀性介质Applicablemedia:Strongacids,strongalkalis,andotherhighlycorrosivemedia.Selectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择气动薄膜隔膜阀Diaphragmvalveofpneumaticdiaphragm气动薄膜精小型调节阀Compactcontrolvalveofpneumaticdiaphragm气动薄膜三通调节阀Three-waycontrolvalveofpneumaticdiaphragm核心作用Corefunction隔离阀体与介质、保护阀体Isolatethevalvebodyfromthemedium,protectthevalvebody.实现精准调节AchieveprecisecontrolSelectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择气动薄膜隔膜阀Diaphragmvalveofpneumaticdiaphragm气动薄膜精小型调节阀Compactcontrolvalveofpneumaticdiaphragm气动薄膜三通调节阀Three-waycontrolvalveofpneumaticdiaphragm化工强腐蚀场景Highlycorrosivechemicalscenarios应用场景Applicationscenario“保命阀”“safetyvalve”定位RoleSelectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择气动薄膜隔膜阀Diaphragmvalveofpneumaticdiaphragm气动薄膜精小型调节阀Compactcontrolvalveofpneumaticdiaphragm气动薄膜三通调节阀Three-waycontrolvalveofpneumaticdiaphragm化工强腐蚀场景Highlycorrosivechemicalscenarios应用场景Applicationscenario“保命阀”“safetyvalve”定位Role特点：体积小巧、控制精度高Features:Compactsize,highcontrolprecision核心优势：适配安装空间小的场景、节省空间、保证精准控流Coreadvantage:Itissuitableforscenarioswithlimitedinstallationspace,soitcansavespaceandensurepreciseflowcontrol.适用领域：轻工业、小型设备Applicablefields:Lightindustry,smallequipment定位：“空间侠”Role:“spacesaver”Selectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择气动薄膜精小型调节阀Compactcontrolvalveofpneumaticdiaphragm气动薄膜三通调节阀Three-waycontrolvalveofpneumaticdiaphragm特点：体积小巧、控制精度高Features:Compactsize,highcontrolprecision核心优势：适配安装空间小的场景、节省空间、保证精准控流Coreadvantage:Itissuitableforscenarioswithlimitedinstallationspace,soitcansavespaceandensurepreciseflowcontrol.适用领域：轻工业、小型设备Applicablefields:Lightindustry,smallequipment定位：“空间侠”Role:“spacesaver”特点：具备三个接口Features:Withthreeinterfaces核心功能：实现介质合流Corefunction:Achievemediaconvergence如冷热流体混合调温、单路流体分两路suchasmixinghotandcoldfluidsfortemperatureadjustment,orsplittingasinglefluidintotwostreamsSelectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择突出优势：一阀多用Keyadvantage:multi-purposevalve适用场景：供热系统、流体配比系统Applicablescenarios:Heatingsystems,fluidproportioningsystem定位：“分流合流小管家”Role:“diversionandconvergenceassistant”气动薄膜三通调节阀Three-waycontrolvalveofpneumaticdiaphragmSelectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择气动球阀Pneumaticballvalve气动蝶阀PneumaticbutterflyvalveSelectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择V型V-type阀芯为V型开口ValveplugfeaturesaV-shapedopening气动球阀Pneumaticballvalve调节特点：如“精准手术刀”，可精细切割流量。Controlcharacteristics:Fineflowcontrollikea“precisescalpel”.适配介质场景：含颗粒（如纸浆、纤维）、易结晶介质的场合Applicablemediascenarios:Scenarioswithparticulates(e.g.,pulp,fiber)orcrystallizablemedia气动蝶阀Pneumaticbutterflyvalve核心优势：流量切割干净、不易堵塞Coreadvantage:Fineflowcontrolwithlowblockagerisk应用场景：化工流程、造纸流程Applicationscenarios:Chemicalprocesses,papermakingprocessesO型O-typeSelectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择V型V-type阀芯为V型开口ValveplugfeaturesaV-shapedopening气动球阀Pneumaticballvalve调节特点：如“精准手术刀”，可精细切割流量。Controlcharacteristics:Fineflowcontrollikea“precisescalpel”.适配介质场景：含颗粒（如纸浆、纤维）、易结晶介质的场合Applicablemediascenarios:Scenarioswithparticulates(e.g.,pulp,fiber)orcrystallizablemedia气动蝶阀Pneumaticbutterflyvalve核心优势：流量切割干净、不易堵塞Coreadvantage:Fineflowcontrolwithlowblockagerisk应用场景：化工流程、造纸流程Applicationscenarios:Chemicalprocesses,papermakingprocessesO型O-type阀芯为O型通孔ValveplugfeaturesanO-shapedthroughhole调节特点Controlcharacteristics全开时：流道顺畅、流体流通性好Fullyopen:Smoothflowpathwithexcellentfluidity关断时：密封严实、可锁死泄漏Closed:Tightsealingtopreventleakage适用场景Applicationscenarios快速切断、流体换向场景、可靠性高Quickshutoff,fluidreversingwithhighreliability法兰蝶阀FlangedbutterflyyvalveSelectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择气动球阀Pneumaticballvalve气动蝶阀PneumaticbutterflyvalveO型O-type阀芯为O型通孔ValveplugfeaturesanO-shapedthroughhole调节特点Controlcharacteristics全开时：流道顺畅、流体流通性好Fullyopen:Smoothflowpathwithexcellentfluidity关断时：密封严实、可锁死泄漏Closed:Tightsealingtopreventleakage适用场景Applicationscenarios快速切断、流体换向场景、可靠性高Quickshutoff,fluidreversingwithhighreliability法兰蝶阀Flangedbutterflyyvalve连接方式：法兰连接管道Connectionmode:Flangedpipeconnection特点：结构稳当Features:Stablestructure适配条件：大口径、中低压流体调节Compatibleconditions:Conditionswithlargediameter,medium-lowpressurefluidcontrol适用场景：给排水、通风系统（可掌控大流量）Applicationscenarios:Watersupply/drainage,ventilationsystems(capableofhandlinghighflow)对夹蝶阀WaferbutterflyvalveSelectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择气动蝶阀Pneumaticbutterflyvalve连接方式：法兰连接管道Connectionmode:Flangedpipeconnection特点：结构稳当Features:Stablestructure适配条件：大口径、中低压流体调节Compatibleconditions:Conditionswithlargediameter,medium-lowpressurefluidcontrol适用场景：给排水、通风系统（可掌控大流量）Applicationscenarios:Watersupply/drainage,ventilationsystems(capableofhandlinghighflow)对夹蝶阀Waferbutterflyvalve安装方式：夹在管道间安装Installationmethod:Itisclampedbetweenpipes特点：小巧、省空间、轻便Features:Compactsize,spacesaving,lightweight适配条件：小口径、对安装空间要求高的场合Compatibleconditions:Conditionswithsmalldiameterandlimitedinstallationspace法兰蝶阀FlangedbutterflyyvalveSelectionofcontrolvalvestructure调节阀结构选择气动蝶阀Pneumaticbutterflyvalve法兰蝶阀Flangedbutterflyyvalve核心区别Keydifferences气动球阀：精度高、切断性强Pneumaticballvalve:Highprecision,strongshutoffcapability气动蝶阀：适配大口径、更省空间Pneumaticbutterflyvalve:Itissuitableforlargediameters,savingmorespace对夹蝶阀WaferbutterflyvalveSelectionofair-to-openandair-to-closeoperationmodes气开与气关工作方式选择Selectionofair-to-openandair-to-closeoperationmodes气开与气关工作方式选择一般气动调节阀在气压信号中断后阀门会自动复位。Generally,pneumaticcontrolvalvesautomaticallyresetwhentheairpressuresignalisinterrupted.无压力信号时阀门全开，随着信号增大，阀门逐渐关小的称为气关式；Thevalveisfullyopenifnopressuresignalisgiven,andthevalvewillgraduallyclosesasthesignalincreases.Thistypeofvalveiscalledair-to-closevalve.无压力信号时阀全闭，随着信号增大，阀门逐渐开大的称为气开式。Thevalveisfullyclosedifnopressuresignalisgiven,andthevalvewillgraduallyopensasthesignalincreases.Thistypeofvalveiscalledair-to-openvalve.Selectionofair-to-openandair-to-closeoperationmodes气开与气关工作方式选择气动薄膜调节阀气开与气关方式工作原理Workingprincipleofair-to-openandair-to-closemodesinpneumaticdiaphragmcontrolvalves气关式Air-to-close气开式Air-to-open气开式Air-to-open气关式Air-to-closeSelectionofair-to-openandair-to-closeoperationmodes气开与气关工作方式选择“断气后”，工艺安全需要阀门开还是关。Shouldthevalvebeopenedorclosedforprocesssafety“afterairsupplyisinterrupted”?气动薄膜调节阀气开与气关方式工作原理Workingprincipleofair-to-openandair-to-closemodesinpneumaticdiaphragmcontrolvalves气关式Air-to-close气开式Air-to-open气开式Air-to-open气关式Air-to-close气开气关怎么选：Howtochoosebetweenair-to-openmodeandair-to-closemode:Selectionofair-to-openandair-to-closeoperationmodes气开与气关工作方式选择调节阀气开/气关方式的选择原则：Selectionprinciplesforair-to-open/air-to-closemodesofcontrolvalves:给水阀Watersupplyvalve蒸汽Steam燃气阀Gasvalve当控制信号中断时，阀门的复位位置使生产过程、工艺设备和现场环境处于安全状态。Whenthecontrolsignalisinterrupted,thevalve'sresetpositionshouldkeeptheproductionprocess,equipment,andenvironmentinasafestate.Selectionofair-to-openandair-to-closeoperationmodes气开与气关工作方式选择给水阀Watersupplyvalve蒸汽Steam燃气阀Gasvalve

例如，在选择蒸气锅炉调节阀时，为保证失控状态下锅炉安全：

Forexample,whenselectingcontrolvalvesforsteamboilers,thefollowingcontentsshouldbefollowedtoensuresafetyinout-of-controlstates:给水调节阀应选气关式Thewatersupplycontrolvalveshouldbeair-to-closetype气压信号丧失时，供水阀打开，避免锅炉缺水、过热。Whentheairpressuresignalislost,thewatersupplyvalveopenstopreventboilerwatershortageandoverheating.Selectionofair-to-openandair-to-closeoperationmodes气开与气关工作方式选择给水阀Watersupplyvalve蒸汽Steam燃气阀Gasvalve

例如，在选择蒸气锅炉调节阀时，为保证失控状态下锅炉安全：

Forexample,whenselectingcontrolvalvesforsteamboilers,thefollowingcontentsshouldbefollowedtoensuresafetyinout-of-controlstates:燃气调节应选气开式Thegascontrolvalveshouldbeair-to-opentype气压信号丧失时，燃气阀关闭，避免锅炉干烧、过热。Whentheairpressuresignalislost,thegasvalveclosestopreventdryheatingandoverheatingoftheboiler.Selectionofair-to-openandair-to-closeoperationmodes气开与气关工作方式选择给水阀Watersupplyvalve蒸汽Steam燃气阀Gasvalve给水阀、燃气阀一进一燃，气关、气开配合，断信号时一个补水、一个断气，让锅炉“冷静下来”，不炸不烧。Thewatersupplyvalveandgasvalveworkintandem-onesupplieswater,theothercutsoffgas.Withtheair-to-open/air-to-closemode,onereplenisheswaterwhiletheothercutsoffgasinthecaseofsignalfailure,allowingtheboilerto“cooldown”safelywithoutexplosionoroverburning.Selectionofcontrolvalvediameter调节阀口径选择Selectionofcontrolvalvediameter调节阀口径选择调节阀的口径决定调节阀的流通能力。Thevalvediameterdeterminesitsflowcapacity.调节阀的流通能力用流量系数C值表示。TheflowcapacityofacontrolvalveisexpressedbytheflowcoefficientCvalue.Selectionofcontrolvalvediameter调节阀口径选择流量系数C的定义：DefinitionofflowcoefficientC:在调节阀两端压为100kPa，流体为水（密度为1000kg/m3）的条件下，阀门全开时每小时流过调节阀的体积流量（m3/h）。Volumetricflow(m3/h)perhourthroughafullyopencontrolvalvewhenthepressureatbothendsofthecontrolvalveis100kPaandthefluidiswater(density1000kg/m3).CDgSelectionofcontrolvalvediameter调节阀口径选择流量系数C的定义：DefinitionofflowcoefficientC:例如：某一调节阀全开、阀门两端压为100kPa时，流过阀门的水流量为20m3/h，则调节阀的流量系数为：C=20。Forexample,whenacontrolvalveisfullyopenwitha100kPapressureatbothendsofthecontrolvalve,thewaterflowis20m3/h,thentheflowcoefficientofthevalveis:C=20.CDgSelectionofcontrolvalvediameter调节阀口径选择CDg注意Note优先选择标准口径，确保开度在合理范围。（直线特性阀10%~80%，等百分比阀30%~90%）Standarddiameterisprioritizedtoensuretheopeningremainswithinareasonablerange.(Linearcharacteristicvalves:10%-80%,equalpercentagevalves:30%-90%)预留余量：避免口径过小导致流量瓶颈或过大引发控制精度下降。Reservedmargin:Avoidcausingflowbottlenecksduetoundersizedvalvesorreducingcontrolprecisionduetooversizedvalves.调节阀的选择Sel