雨课堂学堂在线学堂云《Epidemiology（山东）》单元测试考核答案

第1题Whatistheultimategoalofepidemiology?ATodeterminethe

extentofdisease

foundinthecommunity.BTostudythe

naturalhistoryandprognosisofdisease.CToidentifythe

causeofadiseaseanditsrelevantriskfactors.DToimprovethecontrolofdiseaseandwillenhancethequalityoflifeofthosewhohavedevelopedseriousillness.第2题ThefirststepfortheepidemiologistproceedtoidentifythecauseofadiseaseistoATrytoderiveappropriateinferencesaboutapossiblecausalrelationshipfromthepatternsoftheassociationsthathavebeenpreviouslyfound.BFindmorepatientswiththedisease.CDeterminewhetheranassociationexistsbetweenexposuretoafactororacharacteristicofapersonandthepresenceofthediseaseinquestion.DProvideappropriatetherapytopatients.第3题WhichofthefollowingstatementsisWRONGabouttherelationshipbetweenepidemiologyandclinicalpractice?AThepracticeofmedicineisdependentonpopulationdata.BThepracticeofmedicineisdependentonphysician’sexperiences.CThediagnosisisbasedoncorrelationoftheclinicalfindingswiththefindingsofsurgicalpathologyorautopsyandwiththeresultsofstudiesinalargegroupofpatients.DSelectionofappropriatetherapyisalsopopulationbased.第4题Althoughitisextremelyimportantforustomaximizeourknowledgeofthebiologyandpathogenesisofdisease,itisnotalwaysnecessarytoknoweverydetailofthepossiblepathogenicmechanismstopreventdisease.第5题Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutthehigh-riskapproachtoprevention?AIttargetsahigh-riskgroupwiththepreventivemeasureBIthastobeabletocorrectlyidentifyindividualswiththedisease.CApreventivemeasureiswidelyappliedtoanentirepopulation.DItoftenrequireaclinicalactiontoidentifythehigh-riskgrouptobetargeted.正确答案：ABD第6题WhichofthefollowingstatementsisWRONGaboutthepopulation-basedapproachtoprevention?AIttargetsahigh-riskgroupwiththepreventivemeasureBApreventivemeasureiswidelyappliedtoanentirepopulation.CItmustberelativelyinexpensiveandnoninvasive.DItisapublichealthapproaches第7题Tertiarypreventionisanactionto

preventcomplicationsinthosewhohavealreadydevelopedsignsandsymptomsofanillnessandhavebeendiagnosed.第8题Secondarypreventionisanactiontakentopreventthedevelopmentofadiseaseinapersonwhoiswellanddoesnot(yet)havethediseaseinquestion.第9题Primarypreventionisanactiontoidentifypeopleinwhomadiseaseprocesshasalreadybegunbutwhohavenotyetdevelopedclinicalsignsandsymptoms.第10题Amajoruseofepidemiologicevidenceistoidentifysubgroupswhoareathighriskfordisease.第11题Whataretheobjectivesofepidemiology?ATodeterminethe

extentofdisease

foundinthecommunity.BTostudythe

naturalhistoryandprognosisofdisease.CToidentifythecauseofadiseaseanditsrelevantriskfactors.DToevaluatepreventiveandtherapeuticmeasuresandmodesofhealthcaredelivery.正确答案：ABCD第1题The

secondaryattackrate

istheattackrateinsusceptiblepeoplewhowerenotexposedtothesuspectedagentwhohavebeenexposedtoaprimarycase.第2题Apersonwhoacquiresthediseasefromanotherpersoniscalleda

secondarycase.第3题Apersonwhoacquiresthediseasefromthatexposure(e.g.,fromacontaminatedfood)iscalleda

secondarycase.第4题Theincubationperiodforinfectiousdiseaseshasitsanalogueinnoninfectiousdiseases,whichisoftenreferredtoasthelatencyperiod.第5题Herdimmunity

istheresistanceofapersontoadisease.第6题Theamountofdiseaseinapopulationdependsonabalancebetweenthenumberofpeoplewhoaresusceptibleandthenumberofpeoplewhoarenot.第7题Inadiseaseoutbreak,theepidemiologicpicturethatismanifesteddependsonwhethertheexposureissingle,multiple,orcontinuous.第8题Pandemicisaworldwideepidemic.第9题InanEpidemic,theoccurrenceofillnessesofsimilarnatureclearlyinexcessofnormalexpectancy.第10题Diseasescanonlybetransmitted

directly.第11题WhichofthefollowingisaboutLatentdisease？ADiseasethatisnotyetclinicallyapparentbutisdestinedtoprogresstoclinicaldisease.BDiseasethatisnotclinicallyapparentandisnotdestinedtobecomeclinicallyapparent.CApersonfailsto“shakeoff”theinfection,anditpersistsforyears,attimesforlife.DAninfectionwithnoactivemultiplicationoftheagent.Onlythegeneticmessageispresentinthehost.第12题WhichofthefollowingisaboutPersistent(chronic)disease？ADiseasethatisnotyetclinicallyapparentbutisdestinedtoprogresstoclinicaldisease.BDiseasethatisnotclinicallyapparentandisnotdestinedtobecomeclinicallyapparent.CApersonfailsto“shakeoff”theinfection,anditpersistsforyears,attimesforlife.DAninfectionwithnoactivemultiplicationoftheagent.Onlythegeneticmessageispresentinthehost.第13题WhichofthefollowingisaboutSubclinicaldisease？ADiseasethatisnotyetclinicallyapparentbutisdestinedtoprogresstoclinicaldisease.BDiseasethatisnotclinicallyapparentandisnotdestinedtobecomeclinicallyapparent.CApersonfailsto“shakeoff”theinfection,anditpersistsforyears,attimesforlife.D.Aninfectionwithnoactivemultiplicationoftheagent.Onlythegeneticmessageispresentinthehost.DAninfectionwithnoactivemultiplicationoftheagent.Onlythegeneticmessageispresentinthehost.第14题Whenadiseaseappearstohaveoccurredatmorethananendemic(usual)levelandwewishtoinvestigateitsoccurrence,whatdoweneedtofind?AWho

wasattackedbythedisease?BWhen

didthediseaseoccur?CWhere

didthecasesarise?DA,B,andC第15题WhichofthefollowingisaboutPreclinicaldisease？ADiseasethatisnotyetclinicallyapparentbutisdestinedtoprogresstoclinicaldisease.BDiseasethatisnotclinicallyapparentandisnotdestinedtobecomeclinicallyapparent.CApersonfailsto“shakeoff”theinfection,anditpersistsforyears,attimesforlife.DAninfectionwithnoactivemultiplicationoftheagent.Onlythegeneticmessageispresentinthehost.第16题WhichofthefollowingstatementsisWRONGaboutincubationperiod?AA.ItistheintervalfromreceiptofinfectiontothetimeofillnessbeingcuredBB.ItreflectsthetimeneededfortheorganismtoreplicatesufficientlyCC.ItrelatestothesiteinthebodyatwhichtheorganismreplicatesDD.Itmaybeinfluencedbythedoseoftheinfectiousagentreceivedatthetimeofinfection第17题Threecriticalvariablesininvestigatinganoutbreakorepidemicareasfollows:AWhendidtheexposuretakeplace?BWhendidthediseasebegin?CWhatwastheincubationperiodforthedisease?DHowmanypersonswerewithpreclinicaldisease?正确答案：ABC第18题Forherdimmunitytoexist,thefollowingconditionsmustbemetAThereareenoughsusceptiblepersonsinthecommunityBThediseaseagentmustberestrictedtoasinglehostspecieswithinwhichtransmissionoccursCThattransmissionmustberelativelydirectfromonememberofthehostspeciestoanotherDInfectionsmustinducesolidimmunity正确答案：BCD第19题ThepotentialofagivenorganismforspreadingandproducingoutbreaksdependsonAItsrateofgrowthBTheroutebywhichitistransmittedfromonepersontoanotherCThenumberofsusceptiblepersonsinthecommunityDThenumberofpersonsinthecommunity正确答案：ABC第20题ThefactorsthatcancausehumandiseaseusuallyincludeAbiologicfactorsBphysicalfactorsCchemicalfactorsDnutritionalfactors正确答案：ABCD第21题HumandiseaseusuallyresultsfromaninteractionofAthehostBtheagentCthewaterDtheenvironment正确答案：ABD第三章课后作业第1题DiseaseXhasadurationof15yearsandalowincidence(5per100,000person-years).DiseaseYhasadurationof5yearsandalowincidence(5per100,000person-years).ComparingDiseaseXtoYinthesamepopulation,wewouldexpectDiseaseXtohavea:ABettercurerateBLowerprevalenceCHigherprevalenceDHigherincidence第2题Incidenceratesaremostusefulforidentifyingriskfactorsandimplementingpreventivemeasuresforadisease.第3题Whencalculatingincidencerates,thechoiceofthedenominatorshouldincludeonlyindividualswhohaveneverhadthediseaseinquestion.第4题Prevalenceratesaremoreusefulthanincidenceratesforunderstandingthecurrentneedforhealthcareservicesinapopulation.第5题Passivesurveillanceinpublichealthreferstotheactivegatheringofdatabyhealthofficials,typicallythroughdirectcontactwithpatientsorhealthcareproviders.第6题Diseasesurveillanceisakeyactivityinpublichealththatinvolvestheongoingandsystematiccollection,analysis,andinterpretationofhealthdata.第7题Ahigherincidencerateofadiseasealwaysleadstoahigherprevalencerate.第8题Pointprevalencereferstothenumberofnewcasesofadiseasethatoccurinapopulationwithinaspecifiedperiod.第9题Theattackrateforthefluinaschoolcanbedeterminedsolelybycountingthenumberofstudentswhoreportedsickoneday.第10题Theincidencerateofadiseasecanbeincreasedbyimprovingtheaccuracyofdiseasediagnosisandreportingwithinahealthcaresystem.第11题Iftheincidencerateofadiseaseisdeclining,itindicatesthattheeffectivenessofpreventivemeasureshasimproved.第12题Inthecontextofdiseasesurveillance,whichofthefollowingactivitiesarecriticalcomponentsoftheprocess?ACollectingdataonthenumberofnewcasesofadiseaseinapopulation.BEstimatingtheproportionofthepopulationalreadyimmunetothedisease.CConductinganalysistoidentifypotentialoutbreaksortrends.DReportinginformationtohealthauthoritiesforpromptaction.正确答案：ACD第13题Considerapopulationof10,000individuals.Overthecourseofoneyear,therewere250newcasesofaparticulardisease.Thepopulationsizeremainedconstantthroughouttheyear.Tocalculatetheincidencerateforthisdisease,whichofthefollowingformulaswouldyouuse?AIncidenceRate=(NumberofNewCases/TotalPopulation)*100BIncidenceRate=(NumberofNewCases/At-RiskPopulation)*100C(NumberofNewCases/TotalPopulationatRisk)*TimePeriodD(NumberofNewCases/Person-TimeatRisk)*TimePeriod正确答案：BD第14题Whichofthefollowingstatementsaccuratelycompareincidenceratesandprevalencerates?AIncidenceratesmeasurethenumberofnewcasesinapopulationoveraspecificperiodoftime,whileprevalenceratesmeasurethetotalnumberofcasesatagivenpointintimeoroveraspecifiedperiod.BPrevalenceratesarehigherthanincidenceratesbecausetheyincludeexistingcases.CIncidenceratescanbeusedtoestimatetheriskofdevelopingadiseaseovertime,whereasprevalenceratesprovideinformationonthecurrentburdenofdisease.DBothincidenceratesandprevalenceratescanbeexpressedasproportionsorpercentages,butonlyincidenceratesconsiderthetimefactor.正确答案：ACD第15题Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutprevalencerateistrue?APrevalencerateisalwayshigherthanincidencerateinchronicdiseases.BPrevalenceratecanbeaffectedbythedurationofthedisease.CTheprevalenceratecanbeusedtomeasuretheburdenofadiseaseinapopulation.DPrevalencerateistheproportionofpeoplewhohaveadiseaseatagivenpointintimeoroveraparticularperiod.正确答案：BCD第16题Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutincidenceratesarecorrect?ATheincidenceratecanbecalculatedbydividingthetotalnumberofpeoplewhoalreadyhaveadiseaseatthestartofastudybythepopulationatrisk.BAhigherincidencerateindicatesthatadiseaseismorelikelytooccurinagivenpopulationwithinaparticulartimeframe.CIncidenceratescouldbeexpressedasthenumberofcasesper1,000personsperyear.DTheincidencerateforadiseaseisunaffectedbythedurationofthestudyperiod.正确答案：BC第17题Whichofthefollowingstatementsaccuratelydescribestheterm"attackrate"inepidemiology?ATheattackratereferstotheproportionofapopulationthatisimmunetoadisease.BTheattackrateisthesameastheprevalencerate,measuringthetotalnumberofcasesinapopulationatagiventime.CTheattackrateisequivalenttotheincidencerate,countingnewcasesoveraperioddividedbythepopulationatrisk.DTheattackrateisusedspecificallyforoutbreaksandreferstotheproportionofnewcasesinadefinedpopulationduringaparticulartimeintervalafterexposure.第18题Whatisthedifferencebetweenincidencerateandprevalencerate?AIncidencerateisusedforchronicdiseases,whereasprevalencerateisusedforacuteconditions.BPrevalenceratemeasurestheseverityofadisease,whileincidenceratemeasuresthenumberofdeathsfromadisease.CIncidenceratemeasuresthenumberofnewcasesinapopulationovertime,whileprevalenceratemeasuresthetotalnumberofcasesinapopulationataspecificpointintimeoroveraperiod.DPrevalencerateisalwayshigherthanincidenceratebecauseitcountsallexistingcases,includingthosethathaverecovered.第19题ChikungunyavirusinfectionwasrecentlyintroducedintotheDominicanRepublic.Duringthefirstyearafterintroduction,thevirushasinfectedatotalof251,880peopleintheDominicanRepublic,whichhasapopulationsizeof10.4millionpeople.Infectionbythechikungunyavirusisrarelyfatal.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?ATheprevalenceofchikungunyainfectionsis251,880BThe1-yearcumulativeincidenceofchikungunyais24.2per1,000personsCTheincidenceofchikungunyainfectionis251,880peryearDThecumulativesurvivalfromchikungunyainfectionsis24.2per1,000persons第20题ThefollowinghealthstatisticsareavailableontheInternetforcountryZabouttwodiseaseoutcomes.DiseaseAhasanannualincidenceof225per100,000populationandanannualmortalityrateof150per100,000.DiseaseBhasanannualincidenceof500per100,000populationandthesameannualmortalityrateasdiseaseA.NeitherdiseaseAorBhasacure.WhatwouldyouconcluderegardingtheburdenofthesediseasesincountryZ?ATheproportionatemortalityishigherfordiseaseAthandiseaseBBThecasefatalityratioishigherfordiseaseBthandiseaseACDiseaseAhasahigherprevalencethandiseaseBDDiseaseBhasahigherprevalencethandiseaseA第21题AsurveywasconductedamongthenonhospitalizedadultpopulationoftheUnitedStatesduring2008through2011.Theresultsfromthissurveyareshownbelow.In18-29yearsgroup,thepersonswithhypertensionis4%.In30-39,is10%.In40-49,is22%.In50-59,is43%.In60-69,is54%.Andin70andolderagegroup,is64%.Theresearchersstatedthattherewasanage-relatedincreaseintheriskofhypertensioninthispopulation.Youconcludethattheresearchers’interpretation:AIsincorrectbecauseprevalenceisusedBIsincorrectbecauseitwasnotbasedonratesCIsincorrectbecausethecalculationsarenotage-adjustedDIsincorrectbecauseitwasnotbasedonratesIscorrect第22题Whatwouldbetheeffectonage-specificincidenceratesofuterinecancerifwomenwithhysterectomieswereexcludedfromthedenominatorofthecalculations,assumingthattherearesomewomenineachagegroupwhohavehadhysterectomies?ATherateswouldtendtodecreaseBTherateswouldtendtoincreaseCTherateswouldincreaseinoldergroupsanddecreaseinyoungergroupsDItcannotbedeterminedwhethertherateswouldincreaseordecrease第23题Whichofthefollowingisanadvantageofactivesurveillance?ARequireslessprojectstaffBMoreaccurateduetoreducedreportingburdenforhealthcareprovidersCReportingsystemscanbedevelopedquicklyDReliesondifferentdiseasedefinitionstoaccountforallcases第24题AprevalencesurveyconductedfromJanuary1throughDecember31,2022,identified1,000casesofschizophreniainacityof2millionpersons.Theincidencerateofschizophreniainthispopulationis5/100,000personseachyear.Whatpercentageofthe1,000caseswerenewlydiagnosedin2022?A1%B50%C5/100000D10%第25题AtaninitialexaminationinCityA,migraineheadachewasfoundin5of1,000menaged30to35yearsandin10of1,000womenaged30to35years.Theinferencethatwomenhaveatwotimesgreaterriskofdevelopingmigraineheadachethandomeninthisagegroupis:ACorrectBIncorrect,becausearatiohasbeenusedtocomparemaleandfemaleratesCIncorrect,becauseoffailuretodistinguishbetweenincidenceandprevalenceDIncorrect,becausenodataforacomparisonorcontrolgrouparegiven第四章课后作业第1题In1990,therewere4,500deathsduetolungdiseasesinminersaged20to64years.Theexpectednumberofdeathsinthisoccupationalgroup,basedonage-specificdeathratesfromlungdiseasesinallmalesaged20to64years,was1,800during1990.So,thestandardizedmortalityratio(SMR)forlungdiseasesinminerswas2.5.第2题Inamortalityrate,thedenominatorrepresentstheentirepopulationatriskofdyingfromthedisease,includingboththosewhohavethediseaseandthosewhodonothavethedisease,butwhoareatriskofdevelopingthedisease.第3题Itshowsthenumberofcancerdeathsisincreasingfrom2000to2020inacountry.So,theriskofdyingfromcancerisincreasing,too.第4题Themortalityratecannotbeaffectedbyimprovementsinhealthcareorchangesinlifestyle.第5题Selectionofastandardpopulationissomewhatarbitrarywhenperformingstandariazation.第6题Theadjustedratesdonotreflectthetruemortalityriskofa“real”population.第7题Bycause-specificmortality,suicideisrankedseventh,butbyPYLL,itrankedfourthinacountry.Thisreflectsthefactthatalargeproportionofsuicide-relateddeathsoccurinoldpersons.第8题WhenlookingatreportsthatusePYLL,itisimportanttonotewhatassumptionstheauthorhasmade,includingwhatlifeexpectancyatbirthhasbeenselected.第9题Ifall-causemortalityratesdiffer,cause-specificmortalityratescandiffersignificantly,evenwhentheproportionatemortalityisthesame.第10题Case-fatalityrateindicatestheprobabilityofdeathofadiagnoseddisease,soitcanreflecttheseverityofthediseaseandthelevelofdiagnosisandtreatmentofmedicalcare.第11题WhatarethepurposesofcalculatingPotentialYearsofLifeLost(PYLL)?AToidentifytheagegroupswiththehighestmortalityrates.BTomeasuretheburdenofdiseaseintermsofworkingyearslost.CToevaluatetheeffectivenessofhealthinterventionprograms.DTocomparetheoverallhealthstatusbetweendifferentregionsorpopulations.正确答案：ABCD第12题Whichofthefollowingstatementsregardingtheusesofmortalityratesarecorrect?AMortalityratesareusedtomeasuretheoveralllevelofhealthinapopulation.BTheycanbeemployedtocomparethehealthandsurvivaloutcomesbetweendifferentregionsorpopulations.CMortalityratesareaffectedbyfactorssuchasagedistributionwithinthepopulation.DPolicymakersusetheseratestoallocateresourcesforhealthcare,publichealthinterventions,andtosethealth-relatedgoals.正确答案：ABCD第13题Whichofthefollowingstatementsregardingdirectstandardizationarecorrect?ADirectstandardizationinvolvesadjustingratesorstatisticsbyapplyingthemtoastandardpopulation,whichmeanstheyareweightedbasedonthisstandard.BDirectstandardizationiscommonlyusedtocomputedemographic-specificratessuchasage-standardizedmortalityrates.CDirectstandardizationdoesnotaccountfordifferencesinpopulationstructurewhencomparinggroupsortimeperiods.DTheresultofdirectstandardizationisaratethatrepresentswhattheratewouldbeifthepopulationhadthesamestructureasthechosenstandardpopulation.正确答案：ABD第14题Whichofthefollowingstatementsregardingexpectationoflifearecorrect?ALifeexpectancyatbirthiscalculatedbyaveragingtheagesatwhichpeopledieoveragivenperiod.BLifeexpectancyistypicallyhigherincountrieswithbetterhealthcaresystemsandlowerratesofdisease.CExpectationoflifeisunaffectedbyfactorssuchaslifestylechoices,genetics,oraccesstomedicalcare.DThelifeexpectancyatacertainagereflectstheaveragenumberofadditionalyearsthatpeoplewhohavealreadyreachedthatageareexpectedtolive.正确答案：ABD第15题Amortalityrateisagoodreflectionoftheincidencerateundertwoconditions:Athecase-fatalityrateishighBthecase-fatalityrateislowCthedurationofdiseaseisshortDthedurationofdiseaseislong正确答案：AC第16题Acityreportsatotalof200deathsinagivenyear.Outofthese,40deathswereduetocardiovasculardiseases,50deathswereduetocancer,andtheremainingdeathswereduetoothercauses.Whatistheproportionatemortalityattributabletocardiovasculardiseases?A0.2B0.1C0.25D0.33第17题Whatisthepurposeofthestandardizationapproachindataanalysis?AToincreasethevariabilityofthedataandidentifyoutliers.BTotransformdataintoacommonscaletofacilitatecomparisonandaggregation.CToreducethedimensionalityofthedatasetbycreatingcompositevariables.DToassigncategoricallabelstocontinuousvariablesforeaseofinterpretation.第18题WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheconceptofPotentialYearsofLifeLost(PYLL)?APYLLisametricusedtocalculatetheoveralllifeexpectancyofapopulation.BPYLLisamethodforassessingthequalityoflifeofindividualswithinasociety.CPYLLisanindicatorthatmeasurestheeconomicimpactofdiseasesonacountry'sworkforce.DPYLLisameasurethatfocusesonthenumberofyearslostduetoprematuremortality,regardlessofthecauseofdeath.第19题Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthecasefatalityrate?AItmeasuresthelikelihoodofdyingfromadiseaseforallpeoplewhocontractit.BItindicatestheproportionofpatientsalreadydiagnosedwithadiseasewhoeventuallydiefromit.CItprovidesinformationontheoverallmortalityrateinapopulation.DItisusedtoassesstheeffectivenessoftreatmentsforaparticulardisease.第20题Aprogrammanagerfromaninternationalhealthfundingagencyneedstoidentifyregionsthatwouldbenefitfromaninterventionaimedatreducingprematuredisability.Theprogrammanagerasksahealthcareconsultanttodevelopaproposalusinganindexthatwouldhelphermakethisdecision.Whichofthefollowingwouldbestservethispurpose?ACase-fatalityBCrudemortalityrateCDisability-adjustedlife-yearsDStandardizedmortalityratio第21题Foradiseasesuchaspancreaticcancer,whichishighlyfatalandofshortduration:AIncidenceratesandmortalityrateswillbesimilarBMortalityrateswillbemuchhigherthanincidenceratesCIncidencerateswillbemuchhigherthanmortalityratesDNoneoftheaboveiscorrect第22题Theincidencerateofadiseaseisfivetimesgreaterinwomenthaninmen,buttheprevalenceratesshownosexdifference.Thebestexplanationisthat:AThecrudeall-causemortalityrateisgreaterinwomenBThecase-fatalityfromthisdiseaseisgreaterinwomenCThecase-fatalityfromthisdiseaseislowerinwomenDRiskfactorsforthediseasearemorecommoninwomen第23题ThemortalityratefromdiseaseXincityAis75/100,000inpersons65to69yearsold.ThemortalityratefromthesamediseaseincityBis150/100,000inpersons65to69yearsold.TheinferencethatdiseaseXistwotimesmoreprevalentinpersons65to69yearsoldincityBthanitisinpersons65to69yearsoldincityAis:ACorrectBIncorrect,becauseoffailuretoadjustfordifferencesinagedistributionsCIncorrect,becauseoffailuretodistinguishbetweenprevalenceandmortalityDIncorrect,becauseaproportionisusedwhenarateisrequiredtosupporttheinference第24题Age-adjusteddeathratesareusedto:ACorrectdeathratesforerrorsinthestatementofageBDeterminetheactualnumberofdeathsthatoccurredinspecificagegroupsinapopulationCComparedeathsinpersonsofthesameagegroupDEliminatetheeffectsofdifferencesintheagedistributionsofpopulationsincomparingdeathrates第25题Inacountrywithapopulationof6millionpeople,60,000deathsoccurredduringtheyearendingDecember31,2020.Theseincluded30,000deathsfromcholerain100,000peoplewhoweresickwithcholera.Whatwasthecause-specificmortalityratefromcholerain2020?A0.5B0.3C0.05D0.1第五章课后作业第1题Thereliabilityoftheexperimentishigh,thevalidityishigh.第2题Thepositivepredictivevalueisgreatlyinfluencedbytheprevalencerate.第3题Thenetsensitivityoftwoseriestestswillbeincreased.第4题Thenetspecificityoftwoseriestestswillbeincreased.第5题Thefinalspecificityoftwoparalleltestswillbeincreased.第6题Thefinalsensitivityoftwoparalleltestswillbeincreased.第7题Positivepredictivevalueandsensitivityarethesame.第8题Thedifferencebetween1andsensitivityisthefalsenegativerate.第9题Thecorrectindexisthesumofsensitivityandspecificityandminus1.第10题Thesumofthefalse-positiverateandsensitivityis1.第11题Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutpositivepredictivevaluearecorrect?AThepositivepredictivevalueislargelyinfluencedbydiseaseprevalence.BhespecificityandsensitivityofthetesthavenoeffectonthepositivepredictivevalueCThesensitivityofthetesthaslittleeffectonthepositivepredictivevalueDThespecificityofthetesthasagreatinfluenceonthepositivepredictivevalue正确答案：ACD第12题Whichofthefollowingsabouttheresultsoftwoscreeningtestsinseries(two-stage)arecorrect?AthefinalsensitivitywillbeincreasedBthefinalspecificitywillbeincreasedCthefinalspecificitywillbereducedDthesensitivityandspecificitywereunchanged正确答案：BD第13题In100DMpatient,80arepositivebyusingabloodsugartest,andin200non-DMpatients,180arenegativebythistest.Whichofthefollowingsarecorrect?Athesensitivityofthistestis80%Bthespecificityofthisis90%Cthefalsenegativerateofthistestis10%Dthefalsepositiverateofthistestis10%正确答案：ABD第14题Inthefollowingsentencesabouttheresultofparalleltests,whicharecorrect?AitwillincreasefinalsensitivityBitwillincreasefinalspecificityCitwilldecreasefinalsensitivityDitwilldecreasefinalspecificity正确答案：AD第15题Inonehospital,someoneusedXraytoscreenbreastcancer,90arepositivein100breastcancerpatients,whileonly10arepositivein100controlswithoutbreastcancer.So,thosewiththeirresultsbeing90%areAsensitivityBspecificityCpositivepredictivevalueDYouden