1 专题一 阅读理解 2025年中考英语重点题型解题方法指导（人教版）（教师版+学生版）

1专题一阅读理解2025年中考英语重点题型解题方法指导（人教版）（教师版+学生版）课题：阅读理解总第39课时

教学目标：1.复习讲解阅读理解题型的解题技巧。教学重点：1.讲解阅读理解题型的解题技巧。教学难点：1.讲解阅读理解题型的解题技巧。课时安排：1课时

教学过程个性修改

第一课时一、题型概述根据已给出的一段文章，对文章的内容进行了解，然后回答后续提出的有关文章内容的提问。在英语阅读中一般是以选择题的形式进行考查。中考中阅读理解所占的分值比重非常高，因此阅读理解的重要性不言而喻。此部分的文章体裁多样，贴近学生生活，兼顾趣味性和启发性。常见的阅读理解题型包括：事实细节题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题。二、策略解读1.事实细节题（1）跳读查找法这个方法的要点在于先看题干，带着问题读文章。以what,who,where,when,why,how提问的问题，可以从文章中直接找到答案。【例题1】Thesepeoplearetryingtomakelifeeasyforthemselves.Buttheyarealsomakingiteasyforhackers（黑客）tobreakintotheiraccounts（账户）.Hereissomeadvice.…*Changethepasswordseverythreemonths.Howoftenshouldwechangethepasswordsaccordingtothetext（

）A.Everymonth.B.Everytwomonths.C.Everythreemonths.（2）简单计算法数字计算题也是事实细节题的一种，要求对文章中提到的数据进行简单的加减乘除运算，以便得出符合题目要求的数据。解答这类题目时,考生首先要弄清题干的要求是什么，然后找到与它相关的数字，再对它们进行分析、整合，最后计算出正确答案。【例题2】Choiceofmusic:folkmusic,popmusic,rockmusicHowmanykindsofmusicdoesitmention（

）A.3.B.4.C.5.2.推理判断题（1）抓住特定关键信息进行正向或逆向推理做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用正向推理或逆向思维，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。【例题3】Butnoteverynewtoyisinventedthatway.Someofthebestinventionsaremadebykids…DoyouhaveagreatideaforanewinventionGiveyourideaatry.Whommaythewritercallontotryideasfornewinventions（

）A.Teachers.B.Kids.C.Parents.（2）根据上下文的逻辑关系得出结论不同的文章有不同的写作方法和文章结构。但是，在任何一篇文章中，段与段之间、句与句之间都存在着某种逻辑关系。抓住了这种逻辑关系，也就把握住了作者的写作思路和写作意图。【例题4】WhenthefamousscientistAlbertEinsteinwas16yearsold,heimaginedhimselfridingalongsideabeam（束）oflight.Heusedthispictureinmindtohelphimwhenworkingoutthe“theoryofrelativity（相对论）".“Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge,”saidEinstein.Whichwritingskillisusedinthisparagraph（

）A.Givinganexample.B.Listingnumbers.C.Comparingfacts.（3）结合常识进行推断有些文章，如科普类说明文、记叙类时政要闻等文体需要具有一定的背景知识。因此，解答此类文章的题目，除了把握相关文段的细节外，还应注意充分运用自己的常识，结合题目去分析推理。【例题5】Whatwouldhappenifyoutriedtoblowasoapbubbleinbelow-freezingweatherWoulditfreezeandfalltothegroundWouldyouhavetohititwithastonetobreakitThesequestionscameintomymindonecoldwinterday.Itwastoocoldtoplayinthesnow,butitwasaperfecttimetoexperimentwithblowingfrozenbubbles…Ilearnedoneotherthingaboutblowingfrozenbubbles.It'ssomuchfun.Iwanttotryitagainnextyear!Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage（

）A.AScienceClubB.BrokenBubblesC.FrozenBubbles3.词义猜测题（1）通过词根、词缀推测生词的含义在英语中一个基本词根加上各种不同的词缀构成不同词性或不同词义的单词，叫衍生词。一般前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。例如：①词根：actv.行为（词根）→activeadj.积极的，活跃的caren.小心（词根）→carefuladj.小心的②前缀：un-“不"→unhappy（不高兴的）；re-“又，再，重新”→replay（重放）dis-“否定，除去"→disorder（杂乱，无秩序）③后缀：-ist人→artist（艺术家）；-less没有、无→careless粗心的【例题6】IwanthimtoknowIaccepthimunconditionally.Idon'tevenwantPetertofeelthatIwilllovehimonlyifhebehavesinacertainwayortakespartinsomeactivities.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unconditionally”mean？（

）A.慎重地B.无条件地C.不耐烦地（2）通过上下文推测生词的含义通过上下文推测生词含义的方法有4种：同义法、反义法、逻辑法和常识法。①同义法利用解释推测单词的意思。a.用动词或短语（be,mean,referto等）给出前面生词的含义。【例题7】Self-awarenessmeansknowingyourthoughts,feelingsandbehavior,andunderstandinghowyoufitintotheworld.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“self-awareness"mean？（

）A.Thefeelingthatencouragesyoutocheerup.B.Theactionthatmakesyouexamineyourself.C.Theabilitythathelpsyouseeyourselfclearly.b.通过举例的方法给出生词的含义。【例题8】Speakerscanwatchthevideoagainandagain,payattentiontoadifferentpartofthespeecheachtime.Elementssuchasspeedandbodylanguagecangettheattentiontheyneed.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“elements”probablymeaninthetext？（

）A.mainpointsB.smallfactsC.differentideasc.通过生词后括号内或者破折号后的内容给出生词的含义。【例题9】PeopleinEastChina'sFujianProvinceeattofuballsduringthefestival.Theyoftenmaketofuandvegetableballstoprayforfamilyandbusiness—hopingeverythinggoeswell.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pray"meaninChinese（

）A.奉献B.祈祷C.款待d.通过生词的同位语或定语给出生词的含义。【例题10】He’sabarber,that'stosay,apersonwhosejobistocutmen'shair.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“barber”meaninChinese（

）A.调酒师B.看门人C.理发师②反义法在阅读过程中，如有but,though,however等表示转折的词和unlike,differentfrom,onthecontrary等表示对比关系的词或表达出现，那就表明这些词语的前后是两个完全相反的概念。【例题11】Theirgeographyteacherisseriousbuttheirartteacherisgreatfun.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“serious"mean？（

）A.严肃的B.幽默的C.有才华的③逻辑法逻辑法是利用句子间的类比、因果、递进等逻辑关系推测生词的含义的方法。此时可重点关注以下内容：表示类比的词或短语有similarly,inthesameway等表达，表示因果关系的词或短语有asaresult,therefore,because,dueto,inorderto等表达,表示递进关系的词或短语有andthen,even,infact等表达。【例题12】Thecrow（乌鸦）flewafterhim,makingallkindsofcomments（评价）abouthisflying.Theyflewonandontilltheycouldn'tseethelandandtherewasnothingbutwateronallsides.Thecrowwasmakingfewerandfewercomments.Hewassoexhaustedthathefoundithardtostayintheair,andhadtostruggle（努力）tokeephimselffromfallingintothewater.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exhausted”mean（

）A.tiredB.angryC.frightened④常识法常识法是利用科普知识和生活常识推测生词含义的方法。【例题13】Whenwatergetsveryhot,itbecomessteam.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“steam"mean？（

）A.小溪B.水蒸气C.地下水4.主旨大意题（1）看关键位置。文章的主旨大意一般最有可能体现在以下几个关键位置：第一段的第一句，开门见山阐述主题；第一段的最后一句，在文章开头进行铺垫后引出本文话题；每一段的第一句，常为分论点支持文章中心思想；全文最后一句，往往体现作者的观点、态度和建议。【例题14】Comeandbuybooksatourgreatsale!Hereistheinformationaboutsomenewbooks.Youwillget50%offifyoubuythreeormorebookstogether.ChineseClothing（￥50）It’swrittenbyHuaMei,aprofessorofauniversity…ALittleBitofBeijing（￥60）ThewritersareLiHanandHuYan…TheBrightestfromtheBest（￥40）ThewritersareHongandZhangXiaolong…StoriesofChina（￥30）It’swritteninbothEnglishandChinese…Whatdoyouknowfromthepassage（

）A.Anintroductiontosomebooks.B.Alistofseveralbookstores.C.Areportonfamouswriters.（2）看全文复现频率最高的词。全文出现次数最多的词往往就是该文章的题眼。【例题15】WhenthefamousscientistAlbertEinsteinwas16yearsold,heimaginedhimselfridingalongsideabeam（束）oflight.Heusedthispictureinmindtohelphimwhenworkingoutthe“theoryofrelativity（相对论）”.“Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge,"saidEinstein.Daydreaming,called“thoughtexperiments”byEinstein,canmakeyouhavewildimaginings,likeflyingaroundinspace.…Daydreamingforawhileeachdaycanimproveyourhealthandcreativity.Disappearingintoadaydreamletsyourmindescapewhenthingsaredifficult.…Daydreamingalsoinspirescreativityandletsyoufindnewworldswheretherearenolimits（限制）towhatyoucandoorwhoyouare.…Sonexttimeyou'restuckwithhomework,stopforamomentandseewhereyourdaydreamstakeyou.Whyisdaydreamingtalkedabout（

）A.Toshowascienceresearchresult.B.Toremindpeopletohaveamindbreak.C.Tofindsolutionstohomeworkproblems.三、实践应用（2024·江苏连云港中考改编）Asweknow,eatingvegetablesisgoodforus.Whydosomepeoplelikethembutothersdon’tAnewstudyhasfoundthatotherpeople'slikesanddislikescouldbeareason.Accordingtotheresearch,peoplewhoeatvegetablesandshowacleardislikeforthemcaninfluenceothers.Peoplemaymakefacialexpressions（面部表情）wheneating.HowdoesitaffectapersonwatchingthemAteamofscientistsintheUKdidastudy.Theyaskedmorethan200youngwomentowatchvideosofotheradultseatingbroccoli（西兰花）.Thepeopleinthevideoshaddifferentexpressionswhileeating.Theywouldsmile,seemneutral（neitherhappynorsad）,orlookdisgusted.Thestudyfoundthatwhenpeopleinthevideoslookdisgustedwhileeatingbroccoli,peoplewatchingthembegantolikebroccoliless.Theoppositewasnottrue,however.Whensomeonehadasmilewhileeatingbroccoli,peoplewatchingthemdidnotlikebroccolimore.Bywatchingothers,humanslearnwhichbehaviorswillbegoodforthem.Scientistsbelievethatpeoplemightavoidfoodthatlooksterrible.Inthisway,peoplecanprotectthemselvesfromeatingsomethingbadordangerous.Theresearchfocusedonlyonadults,buttheteambelievethattheresultscouldalsoworkforchildren.Thismeans,ifchildrenseetheirparentsnotenjoyingcertainfoods,includingvegetables,theymightnotwanttoeatthemeither.Howdoesthebehaviorofadultsinfluencechildren'schoicesoffoodTheteamsaidtheyhopetounderstandmoreaboutit.Thiscouldhelpfindwaystoencouragechildrentoeatmorehealthyfoods.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disgusted"inParagraph2mean（

）A.Excited.B.Unhappy.C.Amazed.2．What'stheresultofthestudy（

）A.Peoplemaypreferthefoodotherslike.B.Childrendislikeeatingcertainvegetables.C.Peoplemaynotchoosethefoodothersdislike.3．Onwhatfurtherstudymaytheteamdo（

）A.Thesafetyofchildren'sfood.B.Thewishtounderstandchildren.C.Theinfluencesofparents'behavior.4．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext（

）A.VideosAffectChoicesofFoodB.StudiesonVegetablesHelpaLotC.OpinionsonVegetablesInfluenceOthers

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作业布置：作业手册重点题型专训：专题一阅读理解相关习题。

教学反思课题：阅读理解总第39课时

教学目标：1.复习讲解阅读理解题型的解题技巧。教学重点：1.讲解阅读理解题型的解题技巧。教学难点：1.讲解阅读理解题型的解题技巧。课时安排：1课时。

教学过程个性修改

第一课时一、题型概述根据已给出的一段文章，对文章的内容进行了解，然后回答后续提出的有关文章内容的提问。在英语阅读中一般是以选择题的形式进行考查。中考中阅读理解所占的分值比重非常高，因此阅读理解的重要性不言而喻。此部分的文章体裁多样，贴近学生生活，兼顾趣味性和启发性。常见的阅读理解题型包括：事实细节题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题。二、策略解读1.事实细节题（1）跳读查找法这个方法的要点在于先看题干，带着问题读文章。以what,who,where,when,why,how提问的问题，可以从文章中直接找到答案。【例题1】Thesepeoplearetryingtomakelifeeasyforthemselves.Buttheyarealsomakingiteasyforhackers（黑客）tobreakintotheiraccounts（账户）.Hereissomeadvice.…*Changethepasswordseverythreemonths.Howoftenshouldwechangethepasswordsaccordingtothetext（C）A.Everymonth.B.Everytwomonths.C.Everythreemonths.[解析]点拨：从问题“Howoften…”可知要找与频率、数字有关的细节，从“Changethepasswordseverythreemonths."可知答案为C。（2）简单计算法数字计算题也是事实细节题的一种，要求对文章中提到的数据进行简单的加减乘除运算，以便得出符合题目要求的数据。解答这类题目时,考生首先要弄清题干的要求是什么，然后找到与它相关的数字，再对它们进行分析、整合，最后计算出正确答案。【例题2】Choiceofmusic:folkmusic,popmusic,rockmusicHowmanykindsofmusicdoesitmention（A）A.3.B.4.C.5.[解析]点拨：从文中“folkmusic,popmusic,rockmusic”,可知答案为A。2.推理判断题（1）抓住特定关键信息进行正向或逆向推理做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用正向推理或逆向思维，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。【例题3】Butnoteverynewtoyisinventedthatway.Someofthebestinventionsaremadebykids…DoyouhaveagreatideaforanewinventionGiveyourideaatry.Whommaythewritercallontotryideasfornewinventions（B）A.Teachers.B.Kids.C.Parents.[解析]点拨：根据“Someofthebestinventionsaremadebykids."和“DoyouhaveagreatideaforanewinventionGiveyourideaatry.”可知，文章是鼓励孩子们进行发明创造，故选B。（2）根据上下文的逻辑关系得出结论不同的文章有不同的写作方法和文章结构。但是，在任何一篇文章中，段与段之间、句与句之间都存在着某种逻辑关系。抓住了这种逻辑关系，也就把握住了作者的写作思路和写作意图。【例题4】WhenthefamousscientistAlbertEinsteinwas16yearsold,heimaginedhimselfridingalongsideabeam（束）oflight.Heusedthispictureinmindtohelphimwhenworkingoutthe“theoryofrelativity（相对论）".“Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge,”saidEinstein.Whichwritingskillisusedinthisparagraph（A）A.Givinganexample.B.Listingnumbers.C.Comparingfacts.[解析]点拨：根据“WhenthefamousscientistAlbertEinsteinwas16yearsold…"可知开头通过爱因斯坦的例子引出了本文的话题。故选A。（3）结合常识进行推断有些文章，如科普类说明文、记叙类时政要闻等文体需要具有一定的背景知识。因此，解答此类文章的题目，除了把握相关文段的细节外，还应注意充分运用自己的常识，结合题目去分析推理。【例题5】Whatwouldhappenifyoutriedtoblowasoapbubbleinbelow-freezingweatherWoulditfreezeandfalltothegroundWouldyouhavetohititwithastonetobreakitThesequestionscameintomymindonecoldwinterday.Itwastoocoldtoplayinthesnow,butitwasaperfecttimetoexperimentwithblowingfrozenbubbles…Ilearnedoneotherthingaboutblowingfrozenbubbles.It'ssomuchfun.Iwanttotryitagainnextyear!Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage（C）A.AScienceClubB.BrokenBubblesC.FrozenBubbles[解析]点拨：本文主要介绍了作者为了查明在低于冰点的天气里吹肥皂泡会发生什么而做了一个实验，故文章以“冻结的气泡”为标题最合适。故选C。3.词义猜测题（1）通过词根、词缀推测生词的含义在英语中一个基本词根加上各种不同的词缀构成不同词性或不同词义的单词，叫衍生词。一般前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。例如：①词根：actv.行为（词根）→activeadj.积极的，活跃的caren.小心（词根）→carefuladj.小心的②前缀：un-“不"→unhappy（不高兴的）；re-“又，再，重新”→replay（重放）dis-“否定，除去"→disorder（杂乱，无秩序）③后缀：-ist人→artist（艺术家）；-less没有、无→careless粗心的【例题6】IwanthimtoknowIaccepthimunconditionally.Idon'tevenwantPetertofeelthatIwilllovehimonlyifhebehavesinacertainwayortakespartinsomeactivities.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unconditionally”mean？（B）A.慎重地B.无条件地C.不耐烦地[解析]点拨：condition为词根，意思是“条件"；conditional“有条件的”为形容词，其中-al为形容词后缀；conditionally“有条件地"为副词，其中-ly为副词后缀；在副词conditionally前面加上一个表示否定意义的-un前缀，构成unconditionally“无条件地”，故选B。（2）通过上下文推测生词的含义通过上下文推测生词含义的方法有4种：同义法、反义法、逻辑法和常识法。①同义法利用解释推测单词的意思。a.用动词或短语（be,mean,referto等）给出前面生词的含义。【例题7】Self-awarenessmeansknowingyourthoughts,feelingsandbehavior,andunderstandinghowyoufitintotheworld.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“self-awareness"mean？（C）A.Thefeelingthatencouragesyoutocheerup.B.Theactionthatmakesyouexamineyourself.C.Theabilitythathelpsyouseeyourselfclearly.[解析]点拨：从“Self-awarenessmeans…”中“means"（意思是/意味着）的含义可知，后面的“knowingyourthoughts，feelingsandbehavior，andunderstandinghowyoufitintotheworld”就是对Self-awareness的解释，“了解自己的想法、感受和行为，了解自己如何融入这个世界"就是自我意识，故选C。b.通过举例的方法给出生词的含义。【例题8】Speakerscanwatchthevideoagainandagain,payattentiontoadifferentpartofthespeecheachtime.Elementssuchasspeedandbodylanguagecangettheattentiontheyneed.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“elements”probablymeaninthetext？（A）A.mainpointsB.smallfactsC.differentideas[解析]点拨：从“suchasspeedandbodylanguage"（速度和肢体语言）的意思可知，文中速度和肢体语言指的就是要素，故答案为A。c.通过生词后括号内或者破折号后的内容给出生词的含义。【例题9】PeopleinEastChina'sFujianProvinceeattofuballsduringthefestival.Theyoftenmaketofuandvegetableballstoprayforfamilyandbusiness—hopingeverythinggoeswell.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pray”meaninChinese（B）A.奉献B.祈祷C.款待[解析]点拨：从破折号后面的“hopingeverythinggoeswell"（希望一切都好）可知pray的意思为“祈祷”。故选B。d.通过生词的同位语或定语给出生词的含义。【例题10】He’sabarber,that'stosay,apersonwhosejobistocutmen'shair.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“barber"meaninChinese（C）A.调酒师B.看门人C.理发师[解析]点拨：“that'stosay”的意思是“即”，表示解释，也就是说后面那句话就是对“barber”的解释，故选C。②反义法在阅读过程中，如有but,though,however等表示转折的词和unlike,differentfrom,onthecontrary等表示对比关系的词或表达出现，那就表明这些词语的前后是两个完全相反的概念。【例题11】Theirgeographyteacherisseriousbuttheirartteacherisgreatfun.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“serious"mean？（A）A.严肃的B.幽默的C.有才华的[解析]点拨：从“…buttheirartteacherisgreatfun”（但是他们的美术老师很有趣）可知，but前面的serious所表达的意思与fun相反，故选A。③逻辑法逻辑法是利用句子间的类比、因果、递进等逻辑关系推测生词的含义的方法。此时可重点关注以下内容：表示类比的词或短语有similarly,inthesameway等表达，表示因果关系的词或短语有asaresult,therefore,because,dueto,inorderto等表达,表示递进关系的词或短语有andthen,even,infact等表达。【例题12】Thecrow（乌鸦）flewafterhim,makingallkindsofcomments（评价）abouthisflying.Theyflewonandontilltheycouldn'tseethelandandtherewasnothingbutwateronallsides.Thecrowwasmakingfewerandfewercomments.Hewassoexhaustedthathefoundithardtostayintheair,andhadtostruggle（努力）tokeephimselffromfallingintothewater.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exhausted"mean（A）A.tiredB.angryC.frightened[解析]点拨：从“…hefoundithardtostayintheair,andhadtostruggletokeephimselffromfallingintothewater.”可知“它很累了”，故选A。④常识法常识法是利用科普知识和生活常识推测生词含义的方法。【例题13】Whenwatergetsveryhot,itbecomessteam.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“steam”mean？（B）A.小溪B.水蒸气C.地下水[解析]点拨：从“Whenwatergetsveryhot"（当水变热时）可知，“它就变成了水蒸气”。这是生活常识，故选B。4.主旨大意题（1）看关键位置。文章的主旨大意一般最有可能体现在以下几个关键位置：第一段的第一句，开门见山阐述主题；第一段的最后一句，在文章开头进行铺垫后引出本文话题；每一段的第一句，常为分论点支持文章中心思想；全文最后一句，往往体现作者的观点、态度和建议。【例题14】Comeandbuybooksatourgreatsale!Hereistheinformationaboutsomenewbooks.Youwillget50%offifyoubuythreeormorebookstogether.ChineseClothing（￥50）It’swrittenbyHuaMei,aprofessorofauniversity…ALittleBitofBeijing（￥60）ThewritersareLiHanandHuYan…TheBrightestfromtheBest（￥40）ThewritersareHongandZhangXiaolong…StoriesofChina（￥30）It’swritteninbothEnglishandChinese…Whatdoyouknowfromthepassage（A）A.Anintroductiontosomebooks.B.Alistofseveralbookstores.C.Areportonfamouswriters.[解析]点拨：根据“Hereistheinformationaboutsomenewbooks."可知本文主要是一些书的介绍，故选A。（2）看全文复现频率最高的词。全文出现次数最多的词往往就是该文章的题眼。【例题15】WhenthefamousscientistAlbertEinsteinwas16yearsold,heimaginedhimselfridingalongsideabeam（束）oflight.Heusedthispictureinmindtohelphimwhenworkingoutthe“theoryofrelativity（相对论）”.“Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge,"saidEinstein.Daydreaming,called“thoughtexperiments”byEinstein,canmakeyouhavewildimaginings,likeflyingaroundinspace.…Daydreamingforawhileeachdaycanimproveyourhealthandcreativity.Disappearingintoadaydreamletsyourmindescapewhenthingsaredifficult.…Daydreamingalsoinspirescreativityandletsyoufindnewworldswheretherearenolimits（限制）towhatyoucandoorwhoyouare.…Sonexttimeyou'restuckwithhomework,stopforamomentandseewhereyourdaydreamstakeyou.Whyisdaydreamingtalkedabout（B）A.Toshowascienceresearchresult.B.Toremindpeopletohaveamindbreak.C.Tofindsolutionstohomeworkproblems.[解析]点拨：全文复现频率最高的词是“daydream"daydreaming”，第二、三段多次出现了“creativity”，与思考有关，第三段也出现了“mind”,本文主要介绍了白日梦的好处，并提醒人们要让大脑休息一下。故选B。三、实践应用（2024·江苏连云港中考改编）Asweknow,eatingvegetablesisgoodforus.Whydosomepeoplelikethembutothersdon’tAnewstudyhasfoundthatotherpeople'slikesanddislikescouldbeareason.Accordingtotheresearch,peoplewhoeatveget