初中语法转述句练习题及解析

初中英语语法转述句练习题及解析：掌握直接引语转间接引语的核心技巧转述句（直接引语转间接引语）是初中英语语法的核心考点之一，它考察学生对语言语境、时态逻辑、人称指代的综合理解能力。通过系统练习与规则解析，我们能更精准地完成“语言转述”，提升语境表达的准确性。一、转述句的核心规则梳理转述句的本质是将别人的直接表述（直接引语）转化为自己的间接表述（间接引语），需遵循“人称、时态、语境词、句式”四大维度的转换规则：（一）人称变化规则：“一随主，二随宾，三不变”第一人称（I/we）随主句主语变化：Hesaid,"Ilikemusic."→Hesaid(that)helikedmusic.（I随主语he变为he）第二人称（you）随主句宾语变化：Shesaidtome,"Youarekind."→Shetoldme(that)Iwaskind.（you随宾语me变为I）第三人称（he/she/they等）不变：Tomsaid,"Sheishard-working."→Tomsaid(that)shewashard-working.（二）时态变化规则：“主句过去时，从句退时态”若主句为过去时态（如said/told），从句时态需“倒退”：直接引语时态间接引语时态例句---------一般现在时一般过去时Hesaid,"Iplaybasketball."→Hesaid(that)he**played**basketball.现在进行时过去进行时Shesaid,"Iamreading."→Shesaid(that)she**wasreading**.一般将来时过去将来时Hesaid,"Iwillgo."→Hesaid(that)he**wouldgo**.现在完成时过去完成时Shesaid,"Ihavefinished."→Shesaid(that)she**hadfinished**.一般过去时过去完成时Hesaid,"Imetheryesterday."→Hesaid(that)he**hadmet**herthedaybefore.*例外：若直接引语是客观真理、谚语、习惯性动作，时态不变。例：Theteachersaid,"Theearthmovesaroundthesun."→Theteachersaid(that)theearthmovesaroundthesun.*（三）语境词变化规则：“近指变远指，今昔换时日”指示代词：this→that；these→those例：Shesaid,"Thisbookismine."→Shesaid(that)thatbookwashers.时间状语：now→then；today→thatday；yesterday→thedaybefore；tomorrow→thenextday地点状语：here→there例：Hesaid,"Ilivehere."→Hesaid(that)helivedthere.（四）句式转换规则：“陈述加that，疑问改语序，祈使变todo”1.陈述句：直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语用that引导（that可省略），并调整人称、时态等。例：Hesaid,"I’mhappy."→Hesaid(that)hewashappy.2.疑问句：一般疑问句：用if/whether引导，语序变为陈述语序，调整时态、人称。例：Heasked,"DoyoulikeEnglish?"→Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedEnglish.特殊疑问句：保留疑问词，语序变为陈述语序，调整时态、人称。例：Sheasked,"Whatdoyouwant?"→SheaskedmewhatIwanted.3.祈使句：变为“ask/tellsb.(not)todosth.”结构，否定祈使句在to前加not。例：Theteachersaidtous,"Bequiet."→Theteachertoldustobequiet.例：Hesaidtome,"Don’topenthedoor."→Hetoldmenottoopenthedoor.二、分题型练习题及详细解析结合四大规则，我们分“陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、综合类”四类练习，逐一解析转换逻辑：（一）陈述句类转述练习1.题目：Shesaid,"Iwillgototheparktomorrow."解析：主句shesaid（过去时）→从句时态will→would；人称I（第一人称）随主语she→she；时间tomorrow→thenextday；句式为陈述句（加that，可省略）。答案：Shesaid(that)shewouldgototheparkthenextday.2.题目：Tomsaid,"Myfatherisadoctor."解析：主句tomsaid（过去时）→从句时态is→was；人称my（第一人称）随主语Tom→his；句式为陈述句。答案：Tomsaid(that)hisfatherwasadoctor.（二）疑问句类转述练习1.一般疑问句题目：Heaskedme,"Doyouhaveapen?"解析：直接引语是一般疑问句→用if/whether引导；语序doyouhave→youhad（时态：一般现在→一般过去，因主句asked是过去时）；人称you（第二人称）随宾语me→I。答案：Heaskedmeif/whetherIhadapen.2.特殊疑问句题目：Sheasked,"Wheredidyougoyesterday?"解析：保留疑问词where；语序didyougo→youhadgone（时态：一般过去→过去完成，因主句asked是过去时）；人称you→I（随语境逻辑）；时间yesterday→thedaybefore。答案：SheaskedwhereIhadgonethedaybefore.（三）祈使句类转述练习1.题目：Theteachersaidtothestudents,"Handinyourhomework."解析：祈使句→用tellsb.todosth.结构；人称your（第二人称）随宾语students→their。答案：Theteachertoldthestudentstohandintheirhomework.2.题目：Hesaidtohissister,"Don’tplayinthestreet."解析：否定祈使句→用tellsb.nottodosth.结构；对象是hissister，直接转化为“tellhissisternotto...”。答案：Hetoldhissisternottoplayinthestreet.（四）综合类练习（多规则叠加）题目：Mymothersaidtome,"Iwillbuyyouanewbikenextweek."解析：主句mymothersaid（过去时）→从句时态will→would；人称I（第一人称）随主语mymother→she，you（第二人称）随宾语me→I；时间nextweek→thenextweek；句式为陈述句（加that，可省略）。答案：Mymothersaid(that)shewouldbuymeanewbikethenextweek.三、易错点总结与提升建议（一）常见易错点1.时态混淆：一般过去时变间接引语时，易忘记变为过去完成时（如“Hesaid,'Imetheryesterday.'”错写为“Hesaidhemetherthedaybefore.”，正确应为hadmet）。2.人称错位：第二人称转换时，易忽略主句宾语（如“ShesaidtoTom,'Youarelate.'”错写为“Shesaidshewaslate.”，正确应为hewaslate）。3.句式遗漏：特殊疑问句变间接引语时，易保留疑问语序（如错写为“Sheaskedwheredoyougo.”，正确应为whereyouwent）。（二）提升建议1.分层练习：先练单一规则（如仅人称/时态转换），再练综合题，逐步建立逻辑链。2.标注规则：做练习时，在旁标注每步变化的依据（如“时态：一般现在→一般过去（