2025翻译资格考试中级笔译试题及答案

2025翻译资格考试中级笔译试题及答案英汉翻译试题一Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hasnotonlytransformedindustriesbutalsoraisedprofoundethicalquestions.AsAIsystemsbecomeincreasinglyintegratedintodailylife—fromhealthcarediagnosticstocriminaljusticeriskassessments—theneedfortransparent,fair,andaccountablealgorithmshasneverbeenmoreurgent.ArecentstudybytheStanfordInstituteforHumanCenteredAIfoundthat63%ofAImodelsusedinhiringprocessesexhibitgenderbias,withfemaleapplicantsconsistentlyratedlowerforrolestraditionallyassociatedwithmaledominance.Thisisnotmerelyatechnicalflaw;itreflectsthebiasesembeddedinthedatathesesystemsaretrainedon.Intherealmofhealthcare,AIdrivendiagnostictoolshaveshownremarkableaccuracyindetectingdiseaseslikemelanoma,yettheirperformancevariessignificantlyacrossdifferentethnicgroups.A2023reportbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthrevealedthatonewidelyusedskincanceralgorithmmisdiagnoseddarkskinnedpatients40%morefrequentlythanlightskinnedones.SuchdisparitiesnotonlyunderminetrustinAIbutalsoexacerbateexistinghealthinequalities.Toaddresstheseissues,governmentsandtechcompaniesarebeginningtoadopt"algorithmicaudits."TheseauditsinvolveindependentthirdpartiesevaluatingAIsystemsforbias,privacyviolations,andcompliancewithethicalguidelines.Forexample,theEuropeanUnion’sAIAct,settotakeeffectin2024,mandatesstrictauditsforhighriskAIapplications,includingthoseineducationandemployment.Meanwhile,companieslikeGoogleandMicrosofthaveestablishedinternalethicsreviewboardstooverseethedevelopmentoftheirAIproducts.However,challengesremain.Theopacityofmachinelearningmodels—oftenreferredtoas"blackboxes"—makesitdifficulttotracehowdecisionsaremade.Additionally,thereisagloballackofstandardizedmetricsformeasuringbias,leadingtoinconsistentauditresults.AsAIcontinuestoevolve,sotoomustourapproachtoregulatingit.ThegoalisnottostifleinnovationbuttoensurethatAIservesasatoolforequityandprogress,ratherthanareplicatorofhumanbiases.英汉翻译参考译文一人工智能（AI）的迅猛发展不仅重塑了各个行业，更引发了深刻的伦理问题。随着AI系统日益融入日常生活——从医疗诊断到刑事司法风险评估——对透明、公平且可追责的算法的需求从未如此迫切。斯坦福大学以人为本的人工智能研究所近期开展的一项研究发现，63%用于招聘流程的AI模型存在性别偏见，女性申请者在传统上由男性主导的岗位中评分始终更低。这不仅是技术缺陷，更反映了这些系统训练数据中根深蒂固的偏见。在医疗领域，AI驱动的诊断工具在检测黑色素瘤等疾病时表现出惊人的准确性，但其性能在不同族裔群体中差异显著。美国国立卫生研究院2023年的一份报告显示，一款广泛使用的皮肤癌算法对深色皮肤患者的误诊率比浅色皮肤患者高出40%。此类差异不仅削弱了人们对AI的信任，更加剧了现有的健康不平等问题。为解决这些问题，各国政府与科技公司正开始采用“算法审计”。此类审计由独立第三方评估AI系统是否存在偏见、侵犯隐私及是否符合伦理准则。例如，欧盟定于2024年生效的《人工智能法案》要求对教育、就业等高危AI应用进行严格审计。与此同时，谷歌、微软等企业已成立内部伦理审查委员会，监督其AI产品的开发。然而，挑战依然存在。机器学习模型的不透明性——常被称为“黑箱”——使得追踪决策过程困难重重。此外，全球范围内缺乏衡量偏见的统一标准，导致审计结果参差不齐。随着AI持续演进，我们对其监管的方式也需与时俱进。目标并非抑制创新，而是确保AI成为促进公平与进步的工具，而非人类偏见的复制者。汉英翻译试题一在中国西南的群山之中，隐藏着一个被云雾笼罩的古老村落——甲居藏寨。这里的藏式民居依山坡而建，白墙红檐，与周围的绿树、青稞田和远处的雪山相映成趣，宛如一幅流动的水墨画。甲居藏寨已有千年历史，其建筑风格融合了藏族传统与当地自然条件：墙体用片石和黄泥砌成，既坚固又能抵御高原的严寒；屋顶坡度陡峭，便于雨雪滑落；窗户虽小却设计巧妙，既能采光又能减少热量散失。除了独特的建筑，甲居藏寨的文化传承同样令人惊叹。每年藏历新年，村民们会穿上手工编织的氆氇长袍，在晒谷场上跳起“锅庄舞”。舞步从缓慢到急促，歌声由低沉转高亢，老人们讲述着祖先迁徙的故事，孩子们追逐着彩色的经幡，整个寨子沉浸在浓郁的节日氛围中。近年来，随着乡村旅游的兴起，甲居藏寨逐渐被外界所知，但村民们始终坚持“保护优先”的原则。他们自发组建了文化保护小组，修复破损的古建筑，记录即将失传的民间歌谣，还将传统的唐卡绘制、藏香制作技艺传授给年轻人。“我们的房子不只是石头和木头，更是祖先的智慧。”72岁的老工匠洛桑次仁抚摸着自家门楣上的雕花说道，“年轻人出去见过世面，但根不能断。”如今，甲居藏寨的居民既保留着“日出而作，日落而息”的传统生活方式，也借助互联网销售藏绣、牦牛肉干等特色产品。传统与现代在这里交融，如同寨子旁的金川河，虽流经岁月，却始终奔涌向前。汉英翻译参考译文一NestledamongthemountainsofsouthwestChinaliesanancientvillageshroudedinmist—JiajuTibetanVillage.TheTibetanstyledwellingsherearebuiltalongthehillslopes,withwhitewallsandredeavesharmonizingwiththesurroundinggreentrees,highlandbarleyfields,andsnowcappedmountainsinthedistance,resemblingaflowinginkwashpainting.Withahistoryspanningamillennium,thearchitecturalstyleofJiajublendsTibetantraditionswithlocalnaturalconditions:thewalls,constructedfromslateandyellowclay,arebothsturdyandcapableofwithstandingtheharshplateaucold;thesteeplyslopedroofsfacilitatetheslidingofrainandsnow;andthesmallyetingeniouslydesignedwindowsallowfordaylightwhileminimizingheatloss.Beyonditsuniquearchitecture,theculturalheritageofJiajuisequallyremarkable.DuringtheTibetanNewYeareachyear,villagersdontraditionalhandwoven氆氇(氆氇,atypeofwoolenfabric)robesanddancethe"Guozhuang"onthethreshingground.Thedancestepstransitionfromslowtobrisk,andthesongsrisefromlowtohigh.Eldersrecounttalesoftheirancestors’migrations,childrenchasecolorfulprayerflags,andtheentirevillageisimmersedinarichfestiveatmosphere.Inrecentyears,withtheriseofruraltourism,Jiajuhasgraduallygainedrecognitionbeyonditsborders.However,thevillagershavealwaysadheredtotheprincipleof"protectionfirst."Theyhavespontaneouslyformedaculturalconservationteam,restoringdilapidatedancientbuildings,documentingfolksongsonthevergeofextinction,andpassingdowntraditionalskillslikeThangkapaintingandTibetanincensemakingtotheyoungergeneration."Ourhousesarenotjuststoneandwood—theyarethewisdomofourancestors,"said72yearoldcraftsmanLosangTsering,caressingthecarvedpatternsonhisfamily’sdoorlintel."Theyoungpeoplehaveseentheworldbeyond,buttheirrootsmustnotbesevered."Today,theresidentsofJiajumaintaintheirtraditionalwayoflife—"workingatdawn,restingatdusk"—whilealsousingtheinternettosellspecialtyproductslikeTibetanembroideryanddriedyakmeat.Here,traditionandmodernityconverge,muchliketheJinchuanRiverbesidethevillage,whichflowsthroughtheyearsyetsurgesforwardceaselessly.英汉翻译试题二Urbangreenspacesareoftendismissedasmere"decorations"incityplanning,buttheirroleinsustainingurbanlifeisfarmorecritical.AstudypublishedinNatureSustainabilityfoundthatevery10%increaseintreecoverwithinacityreducestheurbanheatislandeffectby1.2°C,aphenomenonwherebuiltupareasexperiencehighertemperaturesthansurroundingruralregions.ThisisparticularlyvitalinmegacitieslikeDelhiandBangkok,wheresummertemperaturesfrequentlyexceed40°C,puttingvulnerablepopulations—suchastheelderlyandoutdoorworkers—atriskofheatstroke.Beyondtemperatureregulation,greenspacesactasnaturalairpurifiers.Treesabsorbpollutantslikenitrogendioxideandparticulatematter,withasinglematureoaktreecapableoffilteringupto48poundsofCO₂annually.InBeijing,whereairqualityhaslongbeenaconcern,theexpansionofurbanparksand"greencorridors"hasledtoa22%reductioninPM2.5levelsoverthepastfiveyears,accordingtotheMunicipalEnvironmentalProtectionBureau.Socialbenefitsareequallysignificant.ResearchfromtheUniversityofMichiganshowsthatresidentslivingwithina10minutewalkofaparkreport30%lowerlevelsofstressand25%highercommunityengagement.InTokyo’sShinjukuGyoenNationalGarden,onceaprivateestateoftheTokugawashoguns,visitorscanbeseenpracticingyoga,painting,orsimplyreadingundercherryblossomtrees—activitiesthatfosterconnectionandmentalwellbeing.Despitethesebenefits,urbangreenspacesareunderthreat.Rapidurbanizationhasledtotheconversionof3.2millionhectaresofgreenlandintoresidentialandcommercialzonesgloballysince2010,asreportedbytheUnitedNationsHumanSettlementsProgramme.Tocounterthis,citieslikeSingaporeandPortlandhaveimplemented"greenbuildingcodes,"requiringnewconstructionstoincluderooftopgardensorverticalgreenwalls.Barcelonahasgoneastepfurther,transforming20%ofitsstreetsinto"superblocks"—pedestrianonlyzoneswithextensiveplanting—reducingtrafficnoiseby40%andincreasingpublicinteraction.Themessageisclear:greenspacesarenotoptionalbutessential.Asurbanpopulationscontinuetogrow,prioritizingnaturewithincitiesisnotjustanenvironmentalimperativebutasocialone—ensuringthatcitiesremainlivable,equitable,andresilientforgenerationstocome.英汉翻译参考译文二城市绿地常被视为城市规划中的“装饰”，但其对维持城市生活的作用远比这重要得多。《自然·可持续发展》杂志发表的一项研究表明，城市树木覆盖每增加10%，城市热岛效应可降低1.2°C。所谓热岛效应，指的是建成区温度高于周边农村地区的现象。这在德里、曼谷等特大城市尤为关键——夏季气温常超40°C，使老年人、户外工作者等脆弱群体面临中暑风险。除调节温度外，绿地还扮演着天然空气净化器的角色。树木能吸收二氧化氮、颗粒物等污染物，一棵成熟的橡树每年可过滤多达48磅二氧化碳。长期受空气质量困扰的北京，据市环保局数据，过去五年通过扩大城市公园与“绿色廊道”，PM2.5浓度已下降22%。社会效益同样显著。密歇根大学的研究显示，居住在距公园10分钟步行范围内的居民，压力水平低30%，社区参与度高25%。在东京新宿御苑——曾为德川幕府的私人宅邸——游客们在樱花树下练习瑜伽、绘画或阅读，这些活动促进了人际联结与心理健康。尽管益处众多，城市绿地仍面临威胁。联合国人居署报告显示，自2010年以来，全球已有320万公顷绿地被转为住宅与商业区。为应对这一问题，新加坡、波特兰等城市推行“绿色建筑规范”，要求新建筑配备屋顶花园或垂直绿墙。巴塞罗那更进一步，将20%的街道改造为“超级街区”——仅限行人通行且广泛种植植物的区域，使交通噪音降低40%，公共互动增加。结论清晰：绿地并非可有可无，而是不可或缺。随着城市人口持续增长，在城市中优先考虑自然不仅是环境所需，更是社会所需——它确保城市能为子孙后代保持宜居、公平与韧性。汉英翻译试题二“宁可食无肉，不可居无竹。”这是宋代文豪苏轼的名句，道尽了中国人对竹子的特殊情感。作为“梅兰竹菊”四君子之一，竹子不仅是自然景物，更承载着深厚的文化内涵。它四季常青，象征坚韧不屈；中空有节，代表虚怀若谷；未出土时先有节，至凌云处仍虚心，这种生长特性被文人雅士赋予“君子之德”的美誉。在中国南方的竹林里，竹子的实用价值同样突出。浙江安吉的竹农们世代以竹为生，他们用竹篾编制竹篮、竹席，用竹片搭建棚架，甚至将竹纤维制成衣物。更令人称奇的是，竹子还是“可持续发展的冠军”：它生长迅速，有些品种一昼夜可长1米，35年即可成材，而树木通常需要2030年。这种特性使竹子成为替代木材的理想材料，在减少森林砍伐、应对气候变化中发挥着重要作用。近年来，竹文化的创新应用不断涌现。上海世博会上，一座由9000根竹子搭建的“竹子建筑”惊艳世界，其设计既保留了传统竹编工艺的美感，又融入了现代结构力学原理，成为绿色建筑的典范。四川成都的“竹艺村”则将传统竹编与文创产业结合，村民们用彩色竹丝编织出大熊猫、三星堆面具等特色手工艺品，通过电商平台销往全球，年销售额突破2000万元。“竹子教会我们，平凡也能成就伟大。”竹编非遗传承人王秀兰说。她从小跟着外婆学编竹篮，如今不仅带徒传艺，还与设计师合作开发竹制家具、灯具。在她的工作室里，老匠人的粗粝手掌与年轻设计师的数位绘图板并排，传统技艺与现代创意在这里碰撞出火花。正如竹子虽看似柔弱，却能在风雨中挺立千年，中国的竹文化也在时代变迁中不断焕发新的生机。汉英翻译参考译文二"Bettertodinewithoutmeatthanlivewithoutbamboo."ThesewordsfromSuShi,aliterarygiantoftheSongDynasty,encapsulatetheuniqueaffectionChinesepeopleholdforbamboo.Asoneofthe"FourGentlemen"(plum,orchid,bamboo,chrysanthemum),bambooisnotmerelyanaturallandscapebutacarrierofprofoundculturalmeaning.Evergreenthroughouttheseasons,itsymbolizesresilience;hollowyetjointed,itrepresentsmodesty.Itsgrowthpattern—sproutingnodesbeforebreakingthroughthesoilandremaininghumbleevenwhenreachinggreatheights—hasearneditthereputationof"thevirtueofagentleman"amongscholarsandliterati.InthebambooforestsofsouthernChina,thepracticalvalueofbambooisequallyprominent.BamboofarmersinAnji,Zhejiang,havemadealivingfrombambooforgenerations.Theyweavebamboostripsintobasketsandmats,usebambooslicestobuildscaffolding,andeventurnbamboofibersintoclothing.What’smoreremarkableisthatbambooisa"championofsustainability":itgrowsrapidly,withsomespeciesreachingupto1meterinasingleday,maturingin35years—whereastreestypicallytake2030years.Thismakesbambooanidealsubstituteforwood,playingakeyroleinreducingdeforestationandaddressingclimatechange.Inrecentyears,innovativeapplicationsofbambooculturehavecontinuedtoemerge.AttheShanghaiWorldExpo,a"bamboobuilding"constr