2026年计算机专业英语技术术语与翻译综合试题

2026年计算机专业英语技术术语与翻译综合试题一、单选题（每题2分，共20题）请选择最符合题意的选项。1.Whatdoes"BigData"refertointhefieldofcomputerscience?A.AlargedatabasesystemB.AmassivevolumeofstructureddataC.TheprocessofanalyzinglargedatasetsD.Atechnologyforstoringunstructureddata2.Theterm"CloudComputing"typicallydescribes:A.ComputingonasingleserverB.LocaldatastorageonlyC.DistributedcomputingovertheinternetD.Hardware-baseddataprocessing3.Whatis"MachineLearning"inartificialintelligence?A.WritingcodemanuallyB.AutomatingrepetitivetasksC.AlgorithmsthatimprovewithexperienceD.Atypeofdatabase4."Blockchain"technologyisprimarilyusedfor:A.ImprovingnetworkspeedB.Secure,decentralizedrecord-keepingC.EnhancingCPUperformanceD.Encryptingindividualfiles5."IoT"(InternetofThings)refersto:A.AwirelesscommunicationprotocolB.ConnectingphysicaldevicestotheinternetC.AtypeofcloudstorageD.Aprogramminglanguage6.Whatdoes"API"(ApplicationProgrammingInterface)allow?A.DirecthardwareaccessB.SoftwareintegrationbetweensystemsC.AutomaticsystemupdatesD.Datacompression7."Virtualization"inITmeans:A.CopyingphysicalhardwareB.RunningmultipleoperatingsystemsononemachineC.UpgradingRAMcapacityD.Deletingunusedfiles8."Cybersecurity"focuseson:A.IncreasinginternetspeedB.ProtectingsystemsfromdigitalthreatsC.DesigningfasterprocessorsD.Storingmoredatalocally9.Whatis"QuantumComputing"?A.ComputingusingtraditionalbinarysystemsB.AmethodforencryptingdataC.Usingquantumbits(qubits)forcomputationD.Atypeofwirelessnetwork10."Blockchain"ismostcommonlyassociatedwith:A.CentralizeddatabasesB.Decentralized,immutableledgersC.High-performancecomputingD.Cloudstorageservices二、多选题（每题3分，共10题）请选择所有符合题意的选项。1.Whichofthefollowingarecharacteristicsof"BigData"?A.VolumeB.VelocityC.VarietyD.Veracity2."MachineLearning"caninclude:A.SupervisedlearningB.UnsupervisedlearningC.ReinforcementlearningD.Quantumalgorithms3."CloudComputing"servicestypicallyinclude:A.InfrastructureasaService(IaaS)B.PlatformasaService(PaaS)C.SoftwareasaService(SaaS)D.NetworkasaService(NaaS)4."Blockchain"technologyisusedin:A.CryptocurrenciesB.SupplychainmanagementC.VotingsystemsD.Traditionalbanking5."IoT"(InternetofThings)devicescaninclude:A.SmartthermostatsB.WearablefitnesstrackersC.AutonomousvehiclesD.Smartfridges6."API"(ApplicationProgrammingInterface)isessentialfor:A.WebdevelopmentB.MobileappintegrationC.DatabasemanagementD.Hardwaremanufacturing7."Virtualization"benefitsinclude:A.ResourceefficiencyB.CostreductionC.BetterhardwareutilizationD.Reducedphysicalhardware8."Cybersecurity"threatscaninclude:A.RansomwareB.PhishingattacksC.DDoSattacksD.Hardwarefailure9."QuantumComputing"aimstosolve:A.OptimizationproblemsB.CryptographicchallengesC.ClassicalcomputingbottlenecksD.Wirelesscommunicationissues10."Blockchain"issecurebecauseof:A.DecentralizationB.CryptographichashingC.ImmutablerecordsD.Centralizedcontrol三、填空题（每空1分，共15空）请根据英文术语填写中文翻译。1."ArtificialIntelligence"(AI)–_________________________2."MachineLearning"(ML)–_________________________3."CloudComputing"–_________________________4."BigData"–_________________________5."Blockchain"–_________________________6."IoT"(InternetofThings)–_________________________7."API"(ApplicationProgrammingInterface)–_________________________8."Virtualization"–_________________________9."Cybersecurity"–_________________________10."QuantumComputing"–_________________________11."DeepLearning"–_________________________12."NeuralNetwork"–_________________________13."DataMining"–_________________________14."Encryption"–_________________________15."Decentralization"–_________________________四、翻译题（每题5分，共5题）请将下列英文技术段落翻译成中文。1."Cloudcomputingenablesuserstoaccessandstoredataovertheinternet,eliminatingtheneedforlocalhardware."_________________________2."Machinelearningalgorithmscananalyzelargedatasetstoidentifypatternsandmakepredictions,oftenwithoutexplicitprogramming."_________________________3."Blockchaintechnologyensuresdataintegritybydistributingrecordsacrossmultiplenodes,makingtamperingextremelydifficult."_________________________4."IoTdevicescollectandtransmitdatawirelessly,enablingsmartautomationinhomes,cities,andindustries."_________________________5."Quantumcomputingleveragesquantumbits(qubits)toperformcomplexcalculationsmuchfasterthantraditionalcomputers."_________________________五、简答题（每题10分，共5题）请简要解释下列术语的含义及其应用场景。1."ArtificialIntelligence"(AI)_________________________2."CloudComputing"_________________________3."Blockchain"_________________________4."IoT"(InternetofThings)_________________________5."Cybersecurity"_________________________答案与解析一、单选题答案1.B2.C3.C4.B5.B6.B7.B8.B9.C10.B解析：-BigData:Referstothelargevolume,highvelocity,andvarietyofdatathattraditionalsystemsstruggletoprocess.OptionBiscorrect.-CloudComputing:Involvesdeliveringcomputingservicesovertheinternet(e.g.,IaaS,PaaS,SaaS).OptionCisaccurate.-MachineLearning:Algorithmsimprovethroughexperiencewithoutmanualprogramming.OptionCiscorrect.-Blockchain:Adecentralized,immutableledger.OptionBisthebestfit.-IoT:Connectsphysicaldevicestotheinternet.OptionBiscorrect.-API:Enablessoftwareintegration.OptionBisaccurate.-Virtualization:RunsmultipleOSononemachine.OptionBiscorrect.-Cybersecurity:Protectssystemsfromdigitalthreats.OptionBiscorrect.-QuantumComputing:Usesqubitsforcomputation.OptionCiscorrect.-Blockchain:Secureduetodecentralizationandhashing.OptionBisaccurate.二、多选题答案1.A,B,C,D2.A,B,C3.A,B,C4.A,B,C5.A,B,C,D6.A,B,C7.A,B,C,D8.A,B,C9.A,B,C10.A,B,C解析：-BigData:Has4V's–Volume,Velocity,Variety,andVeracity.Alloptionsarecorrect.-MachineLearning:Includessupervised,unsupervised,andreinforcementlearning.OptionDisincorrect.-CloudComputing:OffersIaaS,PaaS,andSaaS.OptionD(NaaS)isuncommon.-Blockchain:Usedincryptocurrencies,supplychains,andvoting.OptionDisincorrect.-IoT:Includessmartdeviceslikethermostats,wearables,vehicles,andfridges.Alloptionsarecorrect.-API:Essentialforwebandmobiledevelopment,anddatabaseintegration.OptionDisincorrect.-Virtualization:Benefitsincludeefficiency,costreduction,resourceutilization,andhardwarereduction.Alloptionsarecorrect.-Cybersecurity:Threatsincluderansomware,phishing,andDDoS.OptionDisincorrect.-QuantumComputing:Solvesoptimization,cryptography,andclassicalcomputingproblems.OptionDisincorrect.-Blockchain:Secureduetodecentralization,hashing,andimmutability.OptionDisincorrect.三、填空题答案1.人工智能2.机器学习3.云计算4.大数据5.区块链6.物联网7.应用程序编程接口8.虚拟化9.网络安全10.量子计算11.深度学习12.神经网络13.数据挖掘14.加密15.去中心化解析：Alltermsarestandardtechnicaltermsincomputerscience.四、翻译题答案1.云计算使用户能够通过互联网访问和存储数据，无需本地硬件。2.机器学习算法可以分析大型数据集以识别模式并做出预测，通常无需