浙江省杭州市第二高级中学2025-2026学年高一上学期期中测试英语卷

杭州二中学年第一学期期中考试高一年级英语试题B卷本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷选择题和第Ⅱ卷非选择题两部分，共分，考试时间分钟。第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力共两节，满分分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节共5小题每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的、、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandofirst?A.Pickupherchildren.B.Goshopping.C.Meetafriend.2.Whatwasthewomanmostsatisfiedwith?A.Thefood.B.Theservice.C.Theroom.3.Whatisthewomandoing?A.BuyingaTshirtB.ChangingaTshirt.C.Makingaplaint.4.WhatistherelationshipbetweenJohnandMary?A.Brotherandsister.B.Husbandandwife.C.Friends.5.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.InatoiletB.InacinemaC.Inalecturehall.第二节共小题每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的、、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第、7题。6.WhichsubjectisJohnworriedabout?A.Chemistry.B.English.C.Math.7.WhatdoesthewomansuggestJohndo?A.Heshouldstudyeveryday.B.Heshouldbringhistextbook.C.Heshouldwritedownkeypoints.第1页/共25页听下面一段对话，回答第题。8.HowwillthespeakersgotoNewA.Bytaxi.B.Bybus.C.Byplane.9.Whenwilltheyprobablyleavefortheairport?A.8:30a.m.B.9:30a.m.C.a.m.10.Whatisfreeforthespeakersinthetrip?A.Acmodation.B.Sightseeing.C.Shopping.听下面一段对话，回答第题。WhoisA.Theman’sbrother.B.Thewoman’sbrother.C.Thespeakers’neighbor.12.Whatdoestheapartmentlooklikeaccordingtothewoman?A.It’stiny.B.It’sdusty.C.It’scrowded.13.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Hehasdeterminedtorunabusiness.B.ismoresuccessfulthanhim.C.Theycannotahouselike听下面一段对话，回答第题。14.Whenwillthereadingclubmembersmeetnexttime?A.At8:00p.m.B.At8:30p.m.C.At9:00p.m.15.Whichbookwillthewomandiscusswithothers?A.GonewiththeB.TheKiteRunner.C.InvisibleMan.16.WhyisthebookcalledTheKiteRunner?A.Theauthorlikesflyingkites.B.FlyingkitesispopularinAfghanistan.C.Themaincharacterjoinsakiteflyingmatch17.Forhowlongwillthemanprobablyspendonhisreading?A.15days.B.25days.C.30days.听下面一段独白，回答第题。18.WhatisthebestsourceofD?A.Thefood.B.Thesunlight.C.Thefattytissue.第2页/共25页19.Howmanytypesofvitaminsdoesthespeakermention?A.B.Three.C.Four.20.Whichvitaminiswatersolublevitamin?A.A.B.C.C.D.第二部分阅读理解共两节，满分分)第一节共个小题每小题分，满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThemeparksaremagicalplaceswhereadultscanfeellikechildrenwhohavethetimeoftheirlives.Herearefouroftheworld’stopthemeparks.AltonisthemostvisitedthemeparkintheUK.Itridessuchasthepopular800meterlongrollercoaster.Ifyouwanttoexperiencethefeelingofflying,headforthefamousrideAir,whereyou’llneedtoavoidobjectsandtreesasyousoarthroughthesky.Theparkalsofeaturesmanyotherattractions,includingliveshows.£43peradultand£21perchild.Childrenundertheageof3enterforfree.AbuDhabiintheMiddleEastishometotheworld’slargestindoorthemepark.ItsmainattractionisFormulaRossa—officiallythefastestrollercoasterintheworld.Theridegoesfrom0to239kilometersperhourinlessthanfiveseconds.Theforceissostrongthatthosebraveenoughtotryithavetowearsafetyglasses.£40peradultandhalfpriceforchildrenunder1.2meterstall.DisneylandPariscreatesafantasyworldthatbothchildrenandadultscanenjoy.DisneylandParkgiveschildrenthechancetomeettheirfavoriteDisneycharactersandevenexploreSleepingBeauty’scastle.Excitingrollercoasterskeepthewholefamilyentertainedforhours.£85peradultand£81perchildren.Childrenundertheageof3canenjoytheDisneyParks,freeofcharge.ForbigfansofDisneyland,aDisneylandPassisremended—£289foradultsand£223forchildrenperyear—allowingunlimitedaccess170daysperyear.Ifyou’reeagertoexperiencehighspeedturnsandsuddendrops,thisistheparkforyou.Bebraveandtrythe第3页/共25页Megafobiarollercoaster,awoodenridethat’ssuretomakeyouscream.£48peradultand£22perchildren.Childrenundertheageof3getinforfree.1.WhowouldmostlikelyenjoyFerrariA.PeoplewholikeDisneycharacters.B.Peoplewhoareoutdoorenthusiasts.C.Peoplewhopreferrelaxingactivities.D.Peoplewhoenjoythrillingexperiences.2.Howmuchwouldtwoadultswitha2yearoldanda7yearoldspendatleastforfourvisitstoDisneylandParisinayear?A.£801.B.£1004.C.£1024.D.£1328.3.Whatdothefourthemeparkshaveinmon?A.Theyallhavecastles.B.Theyallfreeadmission.C.Theyallhaverollercoasters.D.TheyarealllocatedinEurope.【答案】1.D2.A3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了英国、阿联酋、法国和威尔士四个世界顶级主题公园的特色项目、门票价格等核心信息。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据FerrariIsland,AbuDhabi部分中的“ItsmainattractionisFormulaRossa—officiallythefastestrollercoasterintheworld.Theridegoesfrom0to239kilometersperhourinlessthanfiveseconds.Theforceissostrongthatthosebraveenoughtotryithavetowearsafetyglasses.(其主要景点是罗萨方程式过山车——官方认证的世界上最快的过山车。该过山车能在不到五秒内从0加速到239公里/小时。冲击力极强，以至于那些足够勇敢尝试的人必须戴上护目镜)”可知，该公园以极速过山车为核心特色，充满刺激感，适合喜欢惊险体验的人。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据DisneylandParisParis,France部分中的“Childrenundertheageof3canenjoytheDisneyParks,freeofcharge.ForbigfansofDisneyland,aDisneylandPassisremended—£289foradultsand£223forchildrenperyear—allowingunlimitedaccess170daysperyear.(3岁以下的儿童可以免费参观迪斯尼乐园。对于迪士尼的忠实粉丝，推荐购买迪士尼年卡——成人每年289英镑，儿童每年223英镑，可每年无限次入园170天)”可知，两个成人年卡费用为289×2=578英镑，7岁儿童年卡费用为223英镑，2岁儿童免费。四次入园选择年卡最划算，总费用为578+223=801英镑。故选A。【3题详解】第4页/共25页细节理解题。根据AltonEngland部分中的“Itridessuchasthepopular800meterlongrollercoaster.(它提供诸如受欢迎的800米长的过山车等游乐设施)”；FerrariIsland,AbuDhabi部分中的“ItsmainattractionistheFormulaRossa—officiallythefastestrollercoasterintheworld.(主要景点是FormulaRossa——官方认证的世界上最快的过山车)”；DisneylandParisParis,France部分中的“Excitingrollercoasterskeepthewholefamilyentertainedforhours.(刺激的过山车可以让全家人娱乐数小时)”以及OakwoodThemeParkPembrokeshire,部分中的“BebraveandtrytheMegafobiarollercoaster,awoodenridethat’ssuretomakeyouscream.(勇敢一点，去坐Megafobia过山车吧，这是一辆能让你尖叫的木质过山车)”可知，所有公园的共同点是都有过山车。故选C。BI’mJames.fromwork,IfeltlifewasboringandIreallyneededsomethingtochangemyfocus.OnenightIcameacrossawebsiteremendingscuba(水肺)divinglessons.Ihadn’teverthoughtmuchabouttheideaofdivingbefore;butitspleteunfamiliaritysparkedmyinterest;IdecidedtogiveitashotIhadmytraininglessonsatanindoorswimmingpool.Afterfinishingthecourses,Ifeltveryhappyandproudforgettingovermyfirstfearanddisfortofbreathingunderwater.KnowingIhadn’tyetexperiencedwhatrealscubadivingisallabout,Ispenthoursresearchingwherethebestplacestodivewere.BeforeIknewit,IwasonanairplanetoBelize.LessthanadayafterIarrived,andjustafewminutesintomyfirstoceandive,Iwasalreadydivingstraightdownandfoundmyself80feet(英尺)underwater.It’sthekindofextraordinarywaterhavingsuchgreatvisibility(能见度)thatyoucanseeclearlyforhundredsoffeetaroundyou.minutesour4persondivegroupwassurroundedbynumerousnursesharks,amorayeel(海鳗),largegroupersandseaturtles.Iwasmadlyinlovewithscubadiving.Aswereachedthebottom,alonenursesharkswamrightunderme.Morestartedtoarrive.JustasIwasshootingpicturesoftheactionandnotpayingattentiontoanythingoranyoneelsearound.Ilookeduptoseeabrightgreenthreateningfaceheadedstraightforme.Hewasn’ttheleastbitshy.Hehadapparentlyneverheardofpersonalspace.Afterhedecidedtoswimbymewithoutcausinganybodilyharm,Iwasbothrelievedandexcited.ThiswillalwaysbethatonespecialdivethatchangedeverythingandIgettowatchitanytimeIfindmyselfmissingthewater.4.WhatpushedJamestotryscubadiving?A.Hehadtakensomedivinglessons.B.Helivedinaflatnearaswimmingpool.C.HewantedtoescapefromworkexhaustionD.Hehadalwaysbeeninterestedinwatersports.第5页/共25页5.HowwasJames’sfirstoceandive?A.Hehadn’ttrainedforit.B.Hedidn’tadoptagradualstrategy.C.Heimmediatelyfeltfortableandsawnofear.D.Hestayednearthesurfaceanddidn’tgoverydeep.6.WhydidJamesmentionseaanimals?A.underlinetheirdiversity.B.introducetheirwildness.C.demonstratedivingappeal.D.promoteoceanexploration.7.Whatisthesuitabletitleforthetext?A.HowdeepdownIswamB.HowIovercamefearC.WhatanunderwaterthrillD.Whatabeautifulexcitement【答案】4.C5.B6.C7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述詹姆斯通过尝试水肺潜水摆脱生活枯燥并收获惊喜的经历。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“fromwork,IfeltlifewasboringandIreallyneededsomethingtochangemyfocus.()脱工作的疲惫才尝试水肺潜水的。故选C项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“LessthanadayafterIarrived,andjustafewminutesintomyfirstoceandive,Iwasalreadydivingstraightdownandfoundmyself80feet(英尺)underwater.(到达后不到一天，第一次海洋潜水才刚开始几分钟，我就已经径直下潜，发现自己身处水下80英尺的地方)”可知，詹姆斯第一次海洋潜水没有循序渐进，直接下潜到了较深的水域。故选B项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“minutesour4persondivegroupwassurroundedbynumerousnursesharks,amorayeel(海鳗),largegroupersandseaturtles.Iwasmadlyinlovewithscubadiving.(几分钟内，我们四个人的潜水小组就被许多护士鲨、一条海鳗、大石斑鱼和海龟包围了。我疯狂地爱上了水肺潜水)”可知，詹姆斯提到海洋动物是为了展示潜水的吸引力，说明潜水时可以看到各种各样的海洋生物，这让他对潜水产生了极大的兴趣。故选C项。【7题详解】第6页/共25页ThiswillalwaysbethatonespecialdivethatchangedeverythingandIgettowatchitanytimeIfindmyselfmissingthewater.(这将永远是那次改变一切的特别潜水，每当我想念水下世界时，我都能回味这段经历)”可知，文章主要讲述了詹姆斯一次充满刺激的水下潜水经历。因此CC项。CAsayoungchild,Iwaspainfullyshy.I’dwatchotherchildrenplayinthepark,wishingIcouldjointhem,butIwastooscaredtoapproach.Eventually,mymotherwouldetotherescue.She’dasktheotherkidsifIcouldplay,too.Ifeelfortablegivingpubliclecturesinlargehallsandhavingconversationsinsmallgroups,butIstilltendtoavoidsituationsinwhichI’mexpectedtospendtimewitharoomfulofstrangers.Therecouldbemanyreasons.Foronething,Imightbecarryingsomechildhoodfearofrejection.Butbeyondthatpossibility,onelikelyelementisthatIusuallythinktheylikemelessthantheyreallydo—andmostofusfeelthiswaytoo.Anewresearchpaperreportsthatthemonconcernthatnewpeoplemaynotlikeus,orthattheymaynotenjoyourpany,islargelyunfounded.EricaBoothbyofCornellUniversityandhercolleaguesconductedaseriesofstudiestofindoutwhatourconversationpartnersreallythinkofus.Indoingso,theydiscoveredanewcognitiveillusion(认知错觉)theycall“thelikinggap”:ourfailuretorealizehowmuchstrangersappreciateourpanyafterabitofconversation.Theresearchersobservedthegapinavarietyofsituations:strangersinlabs,firstyearcollegestudentsgettingtoknowdormmatesovermonths,andmunitymembersinworkshops.Ineverycase,peopleunderestimatedothers’liking.Evenasdormmatesformedlastingfriendships,thegapstillpersisted.Thedataalsorevealedsomeofthepotentialreasonsfortheillusion:weareoftenmoreseverewithourselvesthanwithothers,andourinnercriticpreventsusfromappreciatinghowpositivelyotherpeopleevaluateus.Notknowingwhatourconversationpartnersreallythinkofus,weuseourownthoughtsasaproxy(代理人).Thisisamistake,becauseourthoughtstendtobemorenegativethanreality.8.Whydoestheauthormentionhischildhoodexperience?A.showhowhischaracterchanged.B.explainwhathewaslikewhenhewasyoung.C.showanexampleofwhypeopleareshyofmunication.D.stresstheimportantroleofamotherinone’schildhood.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unfounded”probablymean?第7页/共25页A.Careless.B.Baseless.C.Selfless.D.Meaningless.10Whatdoweknowaboutthelikinggapfromthetext?A.Itshowswhatstrangersreallythinkofus.B.Itbeginsandendsquicklyamongstrangers.C.Itdisappearswhenstrangersgettoknoweachother.D.Itstatesourmisunderstandingofhowmuchotherslikeus.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussnext?A.Moredailylifecasesshowingthe“likinggap”.B.Theauthor’srecentattemptstodealwithhisshyness.C.Detailsofthedormmateexperiment.D.Practicalwaystohelppeoplenarrowthe“likinggap”.【答案】8.C9.B10.DD【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候害羞的经历，引出了一项关于人们在交流中常常低估他人对自己的喜欢程度的研究，并解释了这种“喜欢差距”现象及其原因。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Asayoungchild,Iwaspainfullyshy.I’dwatchotherchildrenplayinthepark,wishingIcouldjointhem,butIwastooscaredtoapproach.Eventually,mymotherwouldetotherescue.She’dasktheotherkidsifIcouldplay,too.(幼年时，我极度害羞。我会看着其他孩子在公园里玩耍，内心渴望加入，却因胆怯而不敢上前。最终总是母亲来解围——她会主动询问其他孩子我能否一起玩)”和第二段中“Therecouldbemanyreasons.Foronething,Imightbecarryingsomechildhoodfearofrejection.(可能存在诸多原因。其一，我内心或许仍承载着童年时期对被拒绝的恐惧)”可推知，作者列举了自己童年时因胆怯而不愿意与其他人交流的经历，是为了展示一个人们人们羞于交流的原因。故选C项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段“EricaBoothbyofCornellUniversityandhercolleaguesconductedaseriesofstudiestofindoutwhatourconversationpartnersreallythinkofus.Indoingso,theydiscoveredanewcognitiveillusion(认知错觉)theycall“thelikinggap”:ourfailuretorealizehowmuchstrangersappreciateourpanyafterabitofconversation.(康奈尔大学的EricaBoothby和她的同事进行了一系列研究，以了解我们的谈话对象对我们的真实看法。在此过程中，他们发现了一种新的认知错觉，他们称之为“喜欢差距”：我们没有意识到陌第8页/共25页生人在交谈后会多么欣赏我们的陪伴)”可知，研究表明我们担心新认识的人可能不喜欢我们，或者他们可unfounded意为“无根据的”，与B项“Baseless”意思一致。故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Indoingso,theydiscoveredanewcognitiveillusion(认知错觉)theycall“thelikinggap”:ourfailuretorealizehowmuchstrangersappreciateourpanyafterabitofconversation.(在此过程中，他们发现了一种新的认知错觉，他们称之为“喜欢差距”：我们没有意识到陌生人在交谈后会多么欣赏我们的陪伴)们对别人有多喜欢我们的误解。故选D项。【题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thedataalsorevealedsomeofthepotentialreasonsfortheillusion:weareoftenmoreseverewithourselvesthanwithothers,andourinnercriticpreventsusfromappreciatinghowpositivelyotherpeopleevaluateus.Notknowingwhatourconversationpartnersreallythinkofus,weuseourownthoughtsasaproxy(代理人).Thisisamistake,becauseourthoughtstendtobemorenegativethanreality.(数据还揭示了这种错觉的一些潜在原因：我们通常对自己比对别人更严厉，我们内心的批评者阻止我们欣赏别人对我们的积极评价。不知道我们的谈话对象对我们的真实看法，我们用自己的想法作为代理。这是一个错误，因为我们的想法往往比现实更消极)”可知，文章最后一段分析了产生“喜欢差距”这种错觉的一些潜在原因，帮助读者对这一现象有了深入的理解。由此可推知，作者接下来更可能探讨的是如何缩小这种“喜欢差距”，即提供实用的方法或策略来帮助人们更准确地感知他人对自己的喜欢程度，从而改善人际关系和社交体验。故选D项。DAnimalsappeartopredict(预测)earthquakesbysensingelectricityintheair—thefirststudytofindreliableevidenceofthephenomenonhasshown.Camerasshowedan“amazing”dropinthenumberofanimalsupto23daysbeforeamajorquakehittheirrainforesthomeatNationalParkinPeru.LeadscientistDrRachelGrant,fromAngliaRuskinUniversity,said,“Theresultsshowedthatjustbeforetheearthquake,animals’activitydroppedrightdown.”Onanormal(正常的)daythecamerasplacedaroundNationalParkrecordbetween5and15animals.Butinthe23daysbeforetheearthquake,thenumberofanimalsdroppedtofiveorfewerperday.Noanimalswerephotographedatallonfiveofthesevendaysimmediatelybeforethequake.Anotherstudyshowedthatanimalactivityremainednormalintheparkoveradifferentperiodwhenseismic第9页/共25页(地震的)activitywasCoauthor,professorFriedemannFreund,said,“Thecameraswerelocatedatanaltitudeof900meters.Ifairionization(电离)occurred,theanimalswouldescapetothevalleybelow,wheretherewerefewerpositiveions(离子).theirabilitytosensetheirenvironment,animalscanhelpusunderstandsmallchangesthatoccurbeforemajorearthquakes.”Otherevidencesuggestedthatbeforetheearthquake,theairaroundthehighmountainsitesisfilledwithpositiveionsthatcanbeproducedwhenrocksareplacedunderstress.Positiveionshavebeenknowntocauseillinhumansaswellasanimals.Scientistsbelievetheanimalsweremadetofeelunfortablebythepositiveions,leadingthemtoavoidthearea.Theyarethoughttohaveescapedtolowerground,wheretheairwaslessionized.Thefindingsmayhelpexpertsdevelopbettershorttermseismicforecasts.12.Howdidscientistsconductthestudy?A.Byparingdifferentanimals’habits.B.Byobservinganimalsinhighmountains.C.Byanalyzingthephotosofanimalstheyobtained.D.Byexplainingthepositiveionphenomenon.13.Whatusuallyhappensbeforeearthquakesaccordingtothetext?A.Thegroundataloweraltitudeislessionized.B.Camerasnormallyrecordmoreanimalsperday.C.Theairisfilledwithpositiveions.D.Theactivityofanimalsbeforeearthquakesisnormal.14.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Thefindingsmakeforlongtermseismicforecasts.B.Animalstendtobeuneasywithmorepositiveions.C.Positiveionsmakehumansandanimalsnervous.D.Alltheanimalsremainabnormalbeforetheearthquake.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.NegativeInfluenceofPositiveIonsB.Ions’DestructiontotheEnvironmentCAnimals’BehaviorBeforeEarthquakesD.Creatures’AbilitytoPredictNaturalDisasters【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.C【解析】第10页/共25页【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项有可靠证据的研究，动物似乎通过感应空气中的电流来预测地震。科学家通过摄像机记录下地震前后捕捉到的动物行为的变化证明了这一项研究的可靠性。【12题详解】Onanormal(正常的)daythecamerasplacedaroundNationalParkrecordbetween5and15animals.Butinthe23daysbeforetheearthquake,thenumberofanimalsdroppedtofiveorfewerperday.Noanimalswerephotographedatallonfiveofthesevendaysimmediatelybeforethequake.(在正常的一天，放置在亚纳查加国家公园周围的摄像机记录下了5到15只动物。但在地震前的23天里，动物的数量下降到每天5只或更少。在地震发生前的7天里，有5天没有拍到任何动物)”可知，在地震前后摄像机捕捉到的动物的图像的数量是有所变化的。由此可知，科学家通过分析他们获得的动物图像进行这项研究的。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Scientistsbelievetheanimalsweremadetofeelunfortablebythepositiveions,leadingthemtoavoidthearea.Theyarethoughttohaveescapedtolowerground,wheretheairwaslessionized.(科学家认为，这些动物被正离子弄得感觉不舒服，导致它们避开该区域。它们被认为逃到了较低的地面，那里的空气电离程度较低)”可推知，海拔较低的地面电离程度较低。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Scientistsbelievetheanimalsweremadetofeelunfortablebythepositiveions,leadingthemtoavoidthearea.(科学家认为，这些动物被正离子弄得感觉不舒服，导致它们避开该区域)”可知，动物往往对较多的正离子感到不安。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Animalsappeartopredict(预测)earthquakesbysensingelectricityintheair—thefirststudytofindreliableevidenceofthephenomenonhasshown.(动物似乎通过感知空气中的电流来预测地震，这是首个为这一现象找到可靠证据的研究)”及下文可知，文章主要介绍了一项有可靠证据的研究，动物似乎通过感应空气中的电流来预测地震。科学家通过摄像机记录下地震前后捕捉到的动物行为的变化证明了这一项研究的可靠性。由此可知，C项“地震前动物的行为”适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。第二节共5个小题，每小题分，满分分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheHedgehog’sDilemmaisaconceptthatexploresthetensionbetweenthedesireforcloserelationshipsandtheriskofemotionalharm.GermanphilosopherSchopenhauerusedthemetaphor(比喻)ofhedgehogsseekingwarmthonacoldwinterday:theycrowdtogetherforfortbutsoonfeelthepainofeachother’squills(刺).第11页/共25页Theyseparate,onlytofeelthecoldagain,eventuallyfindingasuitabledistancethatallowswarmthwithoutpain.___16___Sothat’sthetheory,butwhatdoesthislooklikeinoureverydaylives?___17___Butshouldwelettheseexperiencesblockusfromlettingourguarddowninthefuture?Schopenhauer’sadvicewouldprobablybe“yes”.___18___Forexample,apreviousstudyfoundthatindividualswithstrongsocialconnectionshavea50%increasedlikelihoodofsurvival.Additionally,theNationalInstituteonAgingreportsthatthehealthrisksoflongtermisolation(隔离)areequaltosmoking15cigarettesaday.___19___PsychologicaltherapistHilarySandersexplainsthatbehaviorslikeisolationorangercanserveassurvivalstrategiesduringchildhood.Whilethesedefensesmayprovideshorttermprotection,theycanblockmeaningfulconnectionsiftheypersist.Inconclusion,thenaturallongingforconnectiondrivesustoseekoutmeaningfulrelationships,evenwhenweknowthatweaknesscanleadtoemotionalpain.Unlikehedgehogs,humansdon’thavethequills.___20___Sowhenwelearntolowerourdefensesforsafepeople,there’sachanceweactuallycanhaveitall—thewarmthofgenuinerelationshipswithoutthefearofbeinghurt.A.However,modernresearchadifferentperspective.B.Thismetaphorshowstheimportanceofadaptabilityinnature.C.Mostofthedefensivereactionsoriginatefromearlyexperiences.D.Theseexperiencescanmakeitdifficulttotrustothersinthefuture.E.Manypeoplesharestoriesofemotionalpainfromcloserelationships.F.Thisreflectshumans’struggletobalanceclosenessandselfprotection.G.havethecapacitytochoosewhomwetrustandhowweprotectourselves.【答案】16.F17.E18.A19.C20.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍刺猬困境的概念，及其在生活中的体现和相关研究观点。【16题详解】上文“GermanphilosopherSchopenhauerusedthemetaphor(比喻)ofhedgehogsseekingwarmthonacoldwinterday:theycrowdtogetherforfortbutsoonfeelthepainofeachother’squills(刺).Theyseparate,onlytofeelthecoldagain,eventuallyfindingasuitabledistancethatallowswarmthwithoutpain.(德国哲学家叔本华用刺猬在寒冷冬日取暖的比喻：它们挤在一起取暖，但很快就会感受到彼此刺的疼痛。它们分开，却又再)”描述了刺猬困境的具体情况，F选项“This第12页/共25页reflectshumans’struggletobalanceclosenessandselfprotection.(这反映了人类在平衡亲密关系和自我保护之间的挣扎。)”中的“This”指代上文刺猬的例子，且准确地总结出该例子所反映的人类在亲密关系和自我保护间的挣扎，承接上文，符合语境。故选F项。【17题详解】上文“Sothat’sthetheorybutwhatdoesthislooklikeinoureverydaylives?(常生活中这是什么样的呢?)”引出在生活中刺猬困境的体现这一话题，下文“Butshouldwelettheseexperiencesblockusfromlettingourguarddowninthefuture?(但是我们应该让这些经历阻碍我们在未来放下戒备吗?)”中的“theseexperiences”提示上文应提及一些经历，E选项“Manypeoplesharestoriesofemotionalpainfromcloserelationships.(许多人都有过来自亲密关系的情感痛苦的经历。)”既回答了上文关于生活中刺猬困境的问题，又引出下文对这些经历影响的讨论，符合语境。故选E项。【18题详解】上文“Butshouldwelettheseexperiencesblockusfromlettingourguarddowninthefuture?Schopenhauer’sadvicewouldprobablybe“yes”.(但我们应该让这些经历阻止我们在未来放松警惕吗?叔本华的建议可能是“是的”)”表明叔本华的观点，下文“Forexample,apreviousstudyfoundthatindividualswithstrongsocialconnectionshavea50%increasedlikelihoodofsurvival.Additionally,theNationalInstituteonAgingreportsthatthehealthrisksoflongtermisolation(隔离)areequaltosmoking15cigarettesaday.(例如，一项分析了148项涉及308,84950%15支烟。)本华的观点相反，A选项“However,modernresearchadifferentperspective.(然而，现代研究提供了不同的观点。)”起到转折作用，引出下文与叔本华观点不同的现代研究内容，符合语境。故选A项。【19题详解】下文“PsychologicaltherapistHilarySandersexplainsthatbehaviorslikeisolationorangercanserveassurvivalstrategiesduringchildhood.Whilethesedefensesmayprovideshorttermprotection,theycanblockmeaningfulconnectionsiftheypersist.(心理治疗师希拉里·桑德斯解释说，像孤立或愤怒这样的行为在童年时期可以作为生存策略。虽然这些防御机制可能提供短期保护，但如果持续下去，它们可能会阻碍有意义的联系。)”C选项“Mostofthedefensivereactionsoriginatefromearlyexperiences.(大多数防御反应源于早期经历。)”中的“defensivereactions”与下文“thesedefenses关于防御行为起源的内容，引出下文具体解释，符合语境。故选C项。【20题详解】上文“，therearerisksinexposingourtrueselvesandemotions，butunlikehedgehogs，humansdon’te第13页/共25页withthequills.()”指出人类与Sowhenwelearntolowerourdefensesforsafepeople,there’sachanceweactuallycanhaveitall—thewarmthofgenuinerelationshipswithoutthefearofbeinghurt.(所以，当我们学会为可靠的人放下防备时，我们实际上有可能拥有一切——真正关系的温暖而无需害怕受伤。)”说明人类可以为可靠的人放下防备，G选项“havethecapacitytochoosewhomwetrustandhowweprotectourselves.(我们有能力选择我们信任的人，以及如何保护自己。)”承上启下，既体现了人类与刺猬的不同，即人类有选择和保护自己的能力，又引出下文为可靠的人放下防备的内容，符合语境。故选G项。第三部分语言运用共四节，满分分)第一节完形填空共小题每小题1分，满分分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的、、、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。OneeveningIwasrunninglateforameetingandIpassedafriendinthehallway.Myfriendaskedthedaily____21____question,“Howareyoudoing?”However,ratherthangivethe____22____response,“Good,howaboutyou?”,Idecidedto____23____mydissatisfactionwithtraffic,peoplewhocan’t____24____theircellphonesatlights,poorvisionintherainandeverythingelseaboutmy____25____journeytowork.Insteadofshowingsympathy,myfriendaskedachallengingquestion,“Whatwouldhavehappenedifyourguardian(守护)angelhadn’t____26____thoseproblems?”TheinferencewasthatImighthave____27____somethingmuchworsethanbeinglateforameeting.My____28____reactionwastolaughandwalkon,butlaterIbeganto____29____whathehadasked.Overthenextfewdays,themoreIthoughtaboutthisquestion,themore_____30_____Iwasabletoseeinit.Ithoughtaboutmyfamilyexperiencesaswellasthethingsthathadhappenedtome,andtheseedhehad_____31_____startedtoIrememberedmyunclewhowaslateforaflightandtheflighthehad_____32_____crasheddown.Irememberedwhen_____33_____keptmefromaccidentsonthesameroadIwastravelingon.Eversincemyfriendgavemehisadviceintheformofa_____34_____,Ihavebeelessstressed.Keepingtheadviceinmindmakesmefeelmore_____35_____andhasimprovedmylife.21.A.formalB.routineC.annoyingD.awkward22.A.confusedB.impressiveC.expectedD.unique23.A.spreadB.hideC.shareD.forget24.A.turnonB.putdownC.pickoutD.takeup25.A.thoughtfulB.delightfulC.stressfulD.careful第14页/共25页26.A.packedB.createdC.masteredD.swept27.A.metB.avoidedC.foundD.made28.A.positiveB.quickC.extremeD.immediate29.A.thinkoverB.careaboutC.makeupD.checkout30.A.chancesB.wisdomC.concernD.skills31.A.collectedB.transportedC.plantedD.purchased32.A.forgottenB.missedC.revisedD.boarded33.A.delaysB.schedulesC.trapsD.events34.A.dialogueB.lectureC.questionD.statement35.A.undercontrolB.ateaseC.onhandD.incharge【答案】21B22.C23.C24.B25.C26.B27.B28.D29.A30.B31.C32.B33.A34.C35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己某天因开会迟到而心情烦躁，在向朋友抱怨通勤路上的种种不顺时，朋友的一个问题引发了作者对生活态度的深入思考。作者通过回忆生活中的经历，逐渐领悟到要珍惜当下、感恩生活中的点滴，并因此变得更加从容。【21题详解】A.formalB.routine日常的；C.annoying恼人的；D.awkward尴尬的。根据后文“Howareyoudoing?”可知，朋友问的是日常问候语。故选B。【22题详解】A.confused困惑的；B.impressive令人印象深刻的；C.expected预期的；D.unique独特的。根据后文“Good,howaboutyou?”可知，这是通常人们对于问候的预期回答。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定把我对交通堵塞、红绿灯前不肯放下手机的人、雨中视线不佳以及我上班途中有压力的一切不满都分享出来。A.spreadB.hideC.shareD.forget文“mydissatisfactionwithtraffic”可知，此处指作者分享对交通的不满。故选C。【24题详解】第15页/共25页考查动词短语辨析。句意：我决定把我对交通堵塞、红绿灯前不肯放下手机的人、雨中视线不佳以及我上班途中有压力的一切不满都表达出来。A.turnonB.putdownC.pickoutD.takeup占据。根据后文“theircellphonesatlights”可知，此处指在红绿灯前不放下手机的人。故选B。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我决定把我对交通堵塞、红绿灯前不肯放下手机人、雨中视线不佳以及我A.thoughtfulB.delightfulC.stressful有压力D.carefulIdecidedto____3____mydissatisfactionwithtraffic,peoplewhocan’t____4____theircellphonesatlights,poorvisionintherainandeverythingelse压力的事情。故选C。【26题详解】有制造这些交通问题，会发生什么？”A.packed打包；B.created创造、制造；C.mastered掌握；D.swept打扫。根据后文“thoseproblems”可知，此处指制造交通问题。故选B。【27题详解】A.metB.avoided避免；C.found找到；D.made制作。根据后文“somethingmuchworsethanbeinglateforameeting”可知，此处指作者避免了比开会迟到更糟糕的事情。故选B。【28题详解】A.positive积极的；B.quick快的；C.extreme