2026年环境科学英语阅读理解与翻译题

2026年环境科学英语阅读理解与翻译题Part1:ReadingComprehension(MultipleChoice)–5Questions(2PointsEach)Instructions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.Passage:TherapidindustrializationinSoutheastAsiahasledtosevereairpollution,particularlyinurbanareaslikeJakartaandBangkok.Accordingtoa2024reportbytheAsianDevelopmentBank,particulatematter(PM2.5)levelsinthesecitiesoftenexceedWHOsafetystandardsbyupto300%.Localgovernmentshaveimplementedstricteremissionregulations,buttheeffectivenessremainslimitedduetoinadequateenforcementandtherelianceonfossilfuels.Environmentalactivistsarguethatwithoutashifttowardrenewableenergysources,suchassolarandwind,theregionwillcontinuetofacechronicrespiratoryillnessesandreducedagriculturalproductivity.However,economicanalystswarnthattransitioningtocleanenergycoulddisruptexistingindustriesandleadtojoblosses.Policymakersarethuscaughtbetweenpublichealthconcernsandeconomicstability,seekingabalancedapproach.Questions:1.WhatistheprimarycauseofairpollutioninSoutheastAsiancities?A.DeforestationandindustrialwasteB.VehicleemissionsandfossilfuelusageC.AgriculturalburningandconstructionactivitiesD.Naturaldisastersandvolcaniceruptions2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthebiggestchallengeinreducingairpollutionintheregion?A.PublicresistancetonewregulationsB.InsufficientfundingforrenewableenergyprojectsC.LackofeffectiveenforcementofexistinglawsD.Geopoliticalconflictsbetweenneighboringcountries3.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofSoutheastAsianenergypolicies?A.Acompletebanonfossilfuelsby2030B.AgradualshifttowardrenewableenergywitheconomicsafeguardsC.ContinuedrelianceoncoalandoiltoboosteconomicgrowthD.Nosignificantchangesinenergypoliciesduetopoliticalopposition4.Whichgroupismostconcernedabouttheeconomicimpactoftransitioningtocleanenergy?A.EnvironmentalactivistsB.PublichealthofficialsC.EconomicanalystsD.Localgovernments5.Whatisthemaintensiondescribedinthepassage?A.TheconflictbetweenenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicdevelopmentB.ThedisagreementbetweenurbanandruralcommunitiesC.ThetensionbetweengovernmentandactivistgroupsD.ThestrugglebetweenrichandpoornationsintheregionPart2:Translation–3Questions(5PointsEach)Instructions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishtoChinese.Ensureaccuracyinmeaningandnaturalphrasing.1."ClimatechangeisexacerbatingdroughtconditionsinAfrica,leadingtoseverewatershortagesandfoodinsecurity."2."TheEuropeanUnionhassetagoaltoachievecarbonneutralityby2050,requiringsignificantinvestmentsingreentechnologies."3."PlasticpollutioninthePacificOceanhasreachedalarminglevels,threateningmarinebiodiversityandcoastalcommunities."Part3:EssayWriting–1Question(10Points)Instructions:Writeashortessay(150-200words)onthefollowingtopic.Topic:Discusstheroleofinternationalcooperationinaddressingglobalenvironmentalchallengeslikeclimatechangeandbiodiversityloss.AnswerKeyandExplanationsPart1:ReadingComprehension1.B–ThepassageexplicitlystatesthatvehicleemissionsandfossilfuelusagearemajorcontributorstoairpollutioninSoutheastAsiancities.2.C–Thetextmentionsthatenforcementofexistinglawsisweak,hinderingpollutionreductionefforts.3.B–Thepassagesuggestsabalancedapproach,combiningrenewableenergywitheconomicconsiderations.4.C–Economicanalystsarecitedaswarningaboutjoblossesduetothetransitiontocleanenergy.5.A–Thecentraltensionisthetrade-offbetweenenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicgrowth.Part2:Translation1."气候变化加剧了非洲的干旱状况，导致严重的水资源短缺和粮食不安全。"2."欧盟已设定到2050年实现碳中和的目标，需要大量投资绿色技术。"3."太平洋塑料污染已达到令人担忧的程度，威胁海洋生物多样性和沿海社区。"Part3:EssayWriting(SampleAnswer)Internationalcooperationisessentialintacklingglobalenvironmentalchallengeslikeclimatechangeandbiodiversityloss.Climatechange,drivenbygreenhousegasemissions,doesnotrespectborders;risingsealevelsandextremeweatheraffectnationsworldwide.TheParisAgreementexemplifieshowcountriescancollaboratetoreducecarbonemissions.Similarly,biodiversitylossrequiressharedefforts,suchastheConventiononBiologicalDiversity,whichpromoteshabitatconservation.Withoutglobalcoordination