2025年统计学专业英语笔试及答案

2025年统计学专业英语笔试及答案

一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Whichofthefollowingisameasureofcentraltendency?A.VarianceB.MedianC.StandarddeviationD.Correlation2.Inanormaldistribution,whatpercentageofdatafallswithinonestandarddeviationofthemean?A.68%B.95%C.99.7%D.50%3.Whatistheprobabilityofgettingaheadwhenflippingafaircoin?A.0.25B.0.5C.0.75D.14.Whichofthefollowingisatypeofinferentialstatistics?A.MeanB.StandarddeviationC.HypothesistestingD.Median5.Whatistherangeofasetofdata?A.TheaverageofthedataB.ThedifferencebetweenthemaximumandminimumvaluesC.ThemiddlevalueofthedataD.Thesquarerootofthevariance6.Whatisthepurposeofascatterplot?A.ToshowthefrequencydistributionofasinglevariableB.ToshowtherelationshipbetweentwovariablesC.ToshowthetrendovertimeD.Toshowthecentraltendencyofadataset7.Whatisthemodeofadataset?A.TheaverageofthedataB.ThemiddlevalueofthedataC.ThemostfrequentlyoccurringvalueD.Thesquarerootofthevariance8.Whatisthepurposeofahistogram?A.ToshowtherelationshipbetweentwovariablesB.ToshowthefrequencydistributionofasinglevariableC.ToshowthetrendovertimeD.Toshowthecentraltendencyofadataset9.Whatisthedifferencebetweenapopulationandasample?A.ApopulationisasubsetofasampleB.AsampleisasubsetofapopulationC.Apopulationistheentiregroupofinterest,whileasampleisasmallergrouptakenfromthepopulationD.Thereisnodifference10.Whatisthepurposeofacontrolgroupinanexperiment?A.TomeasuretheeffectoftheindependentvariableB.ToprovideabaselineforcomparisonC.ToensuretheexperimentisvalidD.Toincreasethesamplesize二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Themeasureofcentraltendencythatisleastaffectedbyoutliersisthe________.2.Theprocessofusingsampledatatomakeinferencesaboutapopulationiscalled________.3.Agraphthatshowsthefrequencydistributionofasinglevariableiscalleda________.4.Themeasureofspreadthatindicatestheaveragedistanceofdatapointsfromthemeanisthe________.5.Theprobabilityofaneventoccurringgiventhatanothereventhasoccurrediscalled________.6.Ahypothesisthatisassumedtobetrueuntilprovenotherwiseiscalledthe________.7.Themiddlevalueofadatasetiscalledthe________.8.Agraphthatshowstherelationshipbetweentwovariablesiscalleda________.9.Theprocessoforganizingdataintointervalsandcountingthenumberofdatapointsineachintervaliscalled________.10.Themeasureofcentraltendencythatisthemostaffectedbyoutliersisthe________.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Themeanisalwaysequaltothemedianinanormaldistribution.(True/False)2.Asampleisalwaysrepresentativeofthepopulation.(True/False)3.Thestandarddeviationisameasureofcentraltendency.(True/False)4.Ahistogramcanshowtherelationshipbetweentwovariables.(True/False)5.Themodecanbeusedtodescribethecentraltendencyofadataset.(True/False)6.Therangeisagoodmeasureofspreadfordatasetswithoutliers.(True/False)7.Acontrolgroupisusedtomeasuretheeffectoftheindependentvariable.(True/False)8.Theprobabilityofaneventoccurringisalwaysbetween0and1.(True/False)9.Theprocessofusingsampledatatomakeinferencesaboutapopulationiscalleddescriptivestatistics.(True/False)10.Themedianisalwaysequaltothemodeinanormaldistribution.(True/False)四、简答题（总共4题，每题5分）1.Explainthedifferencebetweendescriptiveandinferentialstatistics.2.Describethestepsinvolvedinhypothesistesting.3.Whatisthepurposeofascatterplot,andhowisitdifferentfromahistogram?4.Explaintheconceptofcorrelationanditstypes.五、讨论题（总共4题，每题5分）1.Discusstheimportanceofrandomsamplinginstatisticalstudies.2.Explainhowoutlierscanaffecttheresultsofastatisticalanalysis.3.Discusstheroleofconfidenceintervalsininferentialstatistics.4.Discussthelimitationsofusingcorrelationtoinfercausation.答案和解析一、单项选择题答案1.B2.A3.B4.C5.B6.B7.C8.B9.C10.B二、填空题答案1.median2.inferentialstatistics3.histogram4.standarddeviation5.conditionalprobability6.nullhypothesis7.median8.scatterplot9.grouping10.mean三、判断题答案1.True2.False3.False4.False5.True6.False7.False8.True9.False10.False四、简答题答案1.Descriptivestatisticssummarizeanddescribethefeaturesofadataset,whileinferentialstatisticsusesampledatatomakeinferencesaboutapopulation.Descriptivestatisticsprovideaclearandconcisesummaryofthedata,whileinferentialstatisticsallowresearcherstomakegeneralizationsaboutalargerpopulationbasedonasmallersample.2.Hypothesistestinginvolvesseveralsteps:statingthenullandalternativehypotheses,selectingasignificancelevel,collectingandanalyzingdata,calculatingtheteststatistic,andmakingadecisiontorejectorfailtorejectthenullhypothesis.3.Ascatterplotisusedtoshowtherelationshipbetweentwovariables,whileahistogramisusedtoshowthefrequencydistributionofasinglevariable.Ascatterplotcanrevealpatterns,trends,andcorrelationsbetweenvariables,whileahistogramprovidesavisualrepresentationofthedistributionofasinglevariable.4.Correlationmeasuresthestrengthanddirectionoftherelationshipbetweentwovariables.Positivecorrelationindicatesthatasonevariableincreases,theothervariabletendstoincreaseaswell.Negativecorrelationindicatesthatasonevariableincreases,theothervariabletendstodecrease.Correlationcanbefurtherclassifiedaslinearornon-linear,dependingonthepatternoftherelationship.五、讨论题答案1.Randomsamplingisimportantinstatisticalstudiesbecauseitensuresthatthesampleisrepresentativeofthepopulation,reducingbiasandincreasingthegeneralizabilityoftheresults.Randomsamplinghelpstominimizeselectionbiasandensuresthateachmemberofthepopulationhasanequalchanceofbeingincludedinthesample.2.Outlierscansignificantlyaffecttheresultsofastatisticalanalysisbyskewingthemean,increasingthestandarddeviation,andaffectingtheshapeofthedistribution.Outlierscanleadtoincorrectconclusionsifnotproperlyidentifiedandhandled.Methodssuchastrimming,winsorizing,orusingrobuststatisticalmethodscanhelpmitigatetheimpactofoutliers.3.Confidenceintervalsp