2025年翻译专业研究生入学考试试卷及答案

2025年翻译专业研究生入学考试试卷及答案一、基础英语（60分）（一）词汇与语法（20分）1.从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最恰当的一项完成句子。（1）The______ofartificialintelligenceintranslationhasnotonlystreamlinedworkflowsbutalsoraisedethicalconcernsaboutthedisplacementofhumantranslators.A.proliferationB.polarizationC.propositionD.propagation（2）Thetranslator’snoteappendedtothenovelwas______initsanalysisofculturalnuance,offeringreadersarareinsightintothechallengesofrenderingidiomaticexpressionsacrosslanguages.A.perfunctoryB.penetrativeC.perplexingD.pernicious（3）Despitethe______ofthesourcetext—writteninadialectobsoleteforthreecenturies—thetranslatormanagedtocaptureitslyricalessencethroughmeticulousresearchandcreativeadaptation.A.obsolescenceB.obscurityC.obscenityD.obstinacy（4）Theconferenceontranslationalpoeticshighlightedtheneedfor______approachesthatbridgelinguisticstructureandliteraryaesthetics,ratherthanadheringrigidlytoformalequivalence.A.dogmaticB.dichotomousC.dialecticalD.divergent（5）The______oftheinterpreterduringthediplomatictalkswascritical;asinglemistranslationcouldhaveescalatedtensionsbetweenthetwonations.A.discretionB.discrepancyC.discernmentD.dissonance（二）阅读理解（30分）阅读以下两篇短文，回答1-5题（每篇5题，每题3分）。【短文一】Inthedigitalage,machinetranslation(MT)hasevolvedfromrule-basedsystemstoneuralmodels,yetitslimitationspersist.WhileMTexcelsatprocessinglargevolumesoftext—suchastechnicalmanualsorlegaldocuments—itstruggleswithcontext-dependentmeaning,culturalreferences,andthesubtletiesoftone.ArecentstudybytheGlobalTranslationInstitutefoundthat68%ofprofessionaltranslatorsuseMTasatoolbutrelyonhumanrevisionforaccuracy,especiallyindomainslikeliterature,diplomacy,andhealthcare.CriticsarguethatoverrelianceonMTmayerodethedemandforhumantranslators,butproponentscounterthatitenhancesefficiency,allowinglinguiststofocusonhigher-ordertaskslikelocalizationandculturaladaptation.Forinstance,inthegamingindustry,MTacceleratesthetranslationofin-gametext,whilehumantranslatorsrefinedialoguetomatchcharacterpersonalitiesandregionalslang.However,theethicaldimensioncannotbeignored.MTsystemstrainedonbiaseddatasetsmayreproducestereotypes,ariskparticularlyacuteintranslationsofgender-specifictermsorhistoricalnarratives.Translatorsthusfaceadualresponsibility:leveragingtechnologywhileadvocatingforitsethicaluse.1.Whatistheprimaryfocusofthefirstparagraph?A.ThehistoricaldevelopmentofmachinetranslationB.ThestrengthsandweaknessesofmachinetranslationincurrentuseC.TheeconomicimpactofmachinetranslationonthejobmarketD.Thetechnicalmechanismsbehindneuralmachinetranslation2.AccordingtotheGlobalTranslationInstitutestudy,whatpercentageofprofessionaltranslatorsusemachinetranslation?A.32%B.68%C.50%D.85%3.Whyishumanrevisioncrucialinliterature,diplomacy,andhealthcaretranslations?A.BecausethesedomainsrequireprocessinglargetextvolumesB.Becausetheyinvolvecontext,culture,andtonethatMTstruggleswithC.BecauseMTsystemsarenotyetavailableforthesespecializedfieldsD.Becausetranslatorsinthesefieldsaremoreresistanttotechnology4.WhatexampleisgiventoillustratehowMTandhumantranslatorscollaborate?A.TranslationoflegaldocumentsB.LocalizationofgamingdialogueC.RevisionoftechnicalmanualsD.Adaptationofhistoricalnarratives5.Whatethicalconcernisraisedaboutmachinetranslation?A.ItmayreducetheneedforhumantranslatorsB.ItcouldperpetuatebiasesfromtrainingdataC.ItfailstohandletechnicalterminologyaccuratelyD.Itrequiresexcessivecomputationalresources【短文二】Linguisticrelativity,ortheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,positsthatthestructureofalanguageinfluencesitsspeakers’cognition.Whilethestrongversion—suggestinglanguagedeterminesthought—hasbeenlargelydiscredited,theweakversion,whicharguesforlanguageshapingperception,remainsatopicofdebate.AclassicexampleistheInuit’smultiplewordsforsnow,oftencitedasevidencethattheirlanguageallowsfinerdistinctionsinsnowperception.However,recentresearchshowsthatskiers,regardlessoflanguage,canalsodistinguishnumeroussnowtypes,suggestingthatexpertise,notjustlanguage,playsarole.Intranslationstudies,thisdebatehaspracticalimplications.Iflanguageshapesthought,translatorsmustnotonlyconveywordsbutalsotheconceptualframeworksembeddedinthem.Forexample,theGermanterm“Fernweh”(alongingfordistantplaces)hasnodirectEnglishequivalent;translatorsoftenusecircumlocution(“adesiretotraveltofar-offlands”)orborrowthetermitself,riskingalienationofreaders.Suchchallengeshighlightthetranslator’sroleasaculturalmediator.Bynavigatinglinguisticandconceptualgaps,translatorsfacilitatecross-culturalunderstandingwhilepreservingtheuniquenessofeachlanguage’sworldview.6.WhatistheSapir-Whorfhypothesisprimarilyabout?A.TherelationshipbetweenlanguagestructureandthoughtB.TheevolutionoflanguageacrossculturesC.TheroleoftranslationinculturalexchangeD.Theimpactoftechnologyonlinguisticdiversity7.WhatdoestheexampleofInuitwordsforsnowaimtoillustrate?A.ThestrongversionoflinguisticrelativityB.TheinfluenceofexpertiseonperceptionC.TheweakversionoflinguisticrelativityD.Theuniversalityofhumancognition8.Whyistheterm“Fernweh”mentionedinthepassage?A.TodemonstratetheeaseoftranslatingculturalconceptsB.Toshowthechallengeofconveyinglanguage-specificideasC.ToargueagainsttheneedforborrowingforeigntermsD.Toillustratetheimportanceoftechnicaltranslation9.Accordingtothepassage,whatisatranslator’skeyrole?A.ToreplaceoriginaltextswithtargetlanguageequivalentsB.ToeliminateculturaldifferencesthroughtranslationC.TomediatebetweenlanguagesandculturesD.Toprioritizeliteraltranslationovermeaning10.Whatisthemainconclusionaboutlinguisticrelativity?A.LanguagecompletelydetermineshowpeoplethinkB.LanguagehasnoinfluenceonperceptionC.LanguagemayshapebutnotdeterminethoughtD.Expertiseisirrelevanttoperceptualdistinctions（三）完形填空（10分）阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。Translationisoften______asabridgebetweencultures,butitismoreaccuratelyadynamicprocessofnegotiation.Whentranslatingapoem,forinstance,thetranslatormustbalancefidelitytotheoriginal______creativityinthetargetlanguage.Aliteraltranslationmaypreservewordorderbut______thepoem’srhythm,whileafreeadaptationmightenhancereadabilityatthecostof______.Cultural______furthercomplicatethetask.Areferenceto“redenvelopes”inChineseculture,symbolizinggoodluck,cannotbe______translatedas“redenvelopes”inEnglishwithoutexplanation,astheculturalconnotationisnotuniversal.Translatorsmustthusdecidewhetherto______theterm,provideagloss,orfindatarget-languageequivalentthat______theoriginalmeaning.Thisprocessrequiresnotonlylinguistic______butalsoculturalsensitivity.Greattranslatorsarethosewhocan______theessenceofatextwhilemakingitresonatewithreadersinanewculturalcontext.11.A.dismissedB.depictedC.displacedD.dispatched12.A.withB.forC.againstD.beyond13.A.enhanceB.distortC.maintainD.replicate14.A.accuracyB.ambiguityC.accessibilityD.absurdity15.A.universalsB.nuancesC.normsD.taboos16.A.directlyB.differentiallyC.deliberatelyD.deceptively17.A.abandonB.adaptC.adoptD.abolish18.A.obscuresB.omitsC.overlapsD.preserves19.A.proficiencyB.povertyC.prejudiceD.priority20.A.diluteB.deleteC.distillD.denote二、翻译理论与实践（90分）（一）英汉笔译（40分）将以下英文段落译为汉语，要求准确传达原文含义，语言流畅自然。Theactoftranslationisanactofempathy.Torenderatextfromonelanguageintoanother,thetranslatormustfirstinhabitthemindoftheoriginalauthor,understandingnotonlythewordsbuttheemotions,culturalassumptions,andunspokenintentionsthatliebeneaththem.Thisisparticularlytrueinliterarytranslation,wherethebeautyofalineoftenresidesinitsambiguity,itsrhythm,oritsallusiontoasharedculturalmemory.Considerthechallengeoftranslatingahaiku,thatquintessentialJapaneseformofpoetry.Ahaiku’spowercomesfromitsbrevity—usually17syllablesdividedintothreelines—anditsuseof“kigo,”seasonalreferencesthatanchorthepoeminaspecifictimeofyear.Translatingahaikurequiresnotonlycapturingtheimagerybutalsoconveyingthe“kigo”inawaythatresonateswithreadersunfamiliarwithJapaneseseasons.Ahaikuabout“tsuyu”(therainyseasoninearlysummer)mightberenderedas“theearlysummerrain,”butthislosesthenuanceof“tsuyu,”whichevokesnotjustprecipitationbuthumidity,thebloomofhydrangeas,andasenseofmelancholypeculiartothattimeofyear.Inthissense,translationisnotmerelyatransferofinformationbutanactofculturaltransmission.Itasksthetranslatortobebothascholar,dissectingthelayersofmeaning,andanartist,recombiningthoselayersintoanewworkthatspeakstoadifferentaudience.（二）汉英笔译（40分）将以下中文段落译为英语，要求用词准确，符合英文表达习惯，保留原文的文学性。翻译从来不是简单的语言转换，而是文化基因的解码与重写。当我们将“月是故乡明”这句杜甫的诗译成英文时，表面上是在处理“月亮”“故乡”“明亮”这些词汇，实则是在传递一种对故土的深切眷恋——这种情感跨越了语言，却又深深植根于中国文化中“月”的意象传统。从《诗经》里的“月出皎兮”到苏轼的“明月几时有”，“月”在中国文学中不仅是自然景物，更是情感的载体、思念的符号。译者需要做的，不仅是找到“月”的对应词“moon”，更要让英文读者感受到“月”在中文里承载的文化重量。例如，“月是故乡明”若直译为“Themoonisbrighterinmyhometown”，虽语法正确，却丢失了原句中“故乡”与“月”之间的情感联结。更贴切的译法可能是“Themoon,Isee,shinesbrighterstillo’ermyoldhome”——通过添加“o’ermyoldhome”的位置强调，以及“still”的语气词，让英文读者隐约体会到那种“故乡之月更明”的主观情感。这便是翻译的魅力：它让不同文化在语言的碰撞中彼此看见，让远方的故事拥有了本地的温度。（三）交传口译（10分）听一段关于“翻译与技术”的英文演讲（文本如下），将其译为汉语，要求信息完整，口语化自然。“Ladiesandgentlemen,theriseoftranslationtechnologyhassparkedbothexcitementandanxiety.Ononehand,toolslikeCAT(Computer-AssistedTranslation)softwareandneuralmachinetranslationhavemadeourworkfasterandmoreefficient.Theyhelpusmanagelargeprojects,consistencyinterminology,andevenreducecostsforclients.Ontheotherhand,somefearthattechnologywillreplacehumantranslators,turningusintomereeditorsofmachineoutput.Butlet’sbeclear:technologyisatool,notareplacement.Asurgeondoesn’tabandonthescalpelbecauseofMRImachines;instead,theyuseMRItoguidethescalpel.Similarly,translatorsshouldusetechnologytoenhancetheirskills,notbeovershadowedbyit.Thehumanelement—ourculturalunderstanding,ourabilitytograspnuance,ourjudgmentinchoosingtherightword—isirreplaceable.Inthefuture,successfultranslatorswillbethosewhomasterbothlanguagesandtechnology.They’llknowwhentoletthemachinehandlerepetitivetasksandwhentostepinwiththeirexpertise.Thissynergybetweenhumanandmachineisnotathreatbutanopportunity—achancetoredefinewhatitmeanstobeatranslatorinthedigitalage.”三、汉语写作（50分）请以“技术时代的翻译者：工具还是主体？”为题，写一篇不少于800字的议论文。要求观点明确，逻辑清晰，论据充分，语言流畅。答案与解析一、基础英语（一）词汇与语法1-5：ABBCA解析：（1）proliferation（扩散）符合“人工智能在翻译中的普及”语境；（2）penetrative（深刻的）描述注释分析的深入；（3）obscurity（晦涩）指源文本因方言过时难以理解；（4）dialectical（辩证的）强调结合语言结构与文学美学的方法；（5）discretion（谨慎）体现口译员在外交场合的重要性。（二）阅读理解1-5：BBBBB；6-10：ACBCC解析：（1）首段对比MT的优势（处理大文本）与劣势（上下文、文化、语气）；（2）直接引用68%的数据；（3）MT在文学等领域因上下文、文化、语气处理不足需人工修订；（4）游戏对话的本地化为例；（5）MT可能复制训练数据中的偏见；（6）假设核心是语言结构影响思维；（7）因纽特雪的词汇是弱版本例证；（8）“Fernweh”说明无对应词的翻译挑战；（9）译者作为文化中介；（10）语言塑造而非决定思维。（三）完形填空11-15：BABAB；16-20：ACDAC解析：（11）depicted（描述为）符合“翻译被描述为桥梁”；（12）balance...with（平衡...与）固定搭配；（13）distort（破坏）指直译可能破坏节奏；（14）accuracy（准确性）与“牺牲”搭配；（15）nuances（细微差别）指文化细节；（16）directly（直接）对应无需解释的直译；（17）adopt（采用）指保留原词；（18）preserves（保留）原义；（19）proficiency（熟练）指语言能力；（20）distill（提炼）文本精髓。二、翻译理论与实践（一）英汉笔译参考译文：翻译是一场共情的实践。要将文本从一种语言转化为另一种，译者首先需代入原作者的思维，不仅理解字面词句，更要领悟其下的情感、文化预设与未明说的意图。这一点在文学翻译中尤为显著——一行文字的美感往往源于其模糊性、韵律或对共同文化记忆的暗指。以翻译俳句这一典型日本诗歌形式的挑战为例。俳句的力量源于其简洁（通常17音节，分三行）及“季语”的使用——这些季节参照将诗歌锚定于特定时令。翻译俳句不仅要捕捉意象，更需以能引起不熟悉日本季节读者共鸣的方式传递“季语”。一首关于“梅雨”（初夏雨季）的俳句，若译为“初夏的雨”，便丢失了“梅雨”的微妙：它不仅指降水，更唤起潮湿的空气、绣球花的绽放，以及那个时节特有的忧郁感。从这个意义上说，翻译不仅是信息的传递，更是文化的传承。它要求译者既是学者（剖析意义的层次），又是艺术家（将这些层次重组为能打动新读者的新作）。（二）汉英笔译参考译文：Translationhasneverbeenasimplelinguisticconversion,butratheradecodingandrewritingofculturalDNA.WhentranslatingDuFu’sline“Themoon,Isee,shinesbrighterstillo’ermyoldhome”intoEnglish,wearenotmerelydealingwithwordslike“moon,”“hometown,”and“bright,”butconveyingaprofoundattachmenttoone’snativeland—asentimentthattranscendslanguageyetisdeeplyrootedinthetraditionalChineseimageryofthe“moon.”From“Themoonrises,sobright”inTheBookofSongsto“Whenwillthebrightmoonappear?”bySuShi,the“moon”inChineseliteratureisnotjustanaturalscene,butacarrierofemotionsandasymboloflonging.Whattranslatorsneedtodoisnotonlyfindtheequivalent“moon”fortheChinesecharacter,butalsoletEnglishreadersfeeltheculturalweightthe“moon”bearsinChinese.Forinstance,aliteraltranslationlike“Themoonisbrighterinmyhometown”isgrammaticallycorrectbutlosestheemotionalbondbetween“hometown”and“moon”intheoriginal.Amoreappropriaterenderingmightbe“Themoon,Isee,shinesbrighterstillo’ermyoldhome”—byemphasizingthelocationwith“o’ermyoldhome”andaddingthemodal“still,”itallowsEnglishreaderstofaintlygraspthesubjectivesentimentthat“themoonoverone’shometownshinesbrighter.”Thisisthecharmoftranslation:itenablesdifferentculturestoseeeachotherthroughlinguisticcollisions,and