高校公共管理外语期末试题集

高校公共管理外语期末试题集试卷说明本试题集旨在综合考察学生运用外语进行公共管理领域知识获取、信息交流及初步学术探讨的能力。试题内容涵盖公共管理核心概念、理论流派、实践案例及当前热点议题，注重检验学生的阅读理解、术语运用、信息提炼、逻辑思辨及书面表达水平。考试时间为120分钟，满分100分。请考生用指定外语作答，并注意书写规范与时间分配。---Directions:Therearetworeadingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletter.PassageOneDespitethesedebates,NPMhasundeniablyinfluencedpublicsectorreformsworldwide.Manygovernmentshaveimplementedperformance-basedbudgeting,contractedoutcertainservices,andsoughttoenhancecitizensatisfactionthroughservicecharters.ThelastingimpactofNPMcontinuestobeasubjectofscholarlyinquiry,aspublicadministrationevolvestomeetthechallengesofthe21stcentury,includingdigitaltransformationandtheneedformoreinclusiveandsustainablegovernancemodels.Questions:1.WhatistheprimaryargumentofproponentsofNewPublicManagement?B.Privatesectormanagementpracticescanimprovepublicservicedelivery.C.Traditionalpublicadministrationisinherentlycorrupt.D.Publicorganizationsshouldfocussolelyonprofitmaximization.2.WhichofthefollowingisacriticismleveledagainstNPM,asmentionedinthepassage?A.Itignorestheimportanceofresultorientation.B.Itmayleadtoadeclineinthequalityofpublicservicesfortheneedy.C.Itoveremphasizesequityandtransparency.D.Itfailstoaddressdigitaltransformation.3.ThepassagesuggeststhattheimpactofNPMischaracterizedby:A.Universalrejectionbygovernments.C.Ongoingscholarlyexaminationandadaptation.D.Areturntopre-20thcenturygovernancemodels.PassageTwoQuestions:4.ThemainobjectiveofPublic-PrivatePartnerships,asstatedinthepassage,isto:A.Eliminatepublicsectorinvolvementinservicedelivery.B.Transferallfinancialriskstotheprivatesector.C.Achievebettervalueformoneyandimprovedservicequality.D.Shortenthetimerequiredtodeliverpublicinfrastructure.5.WhichofthefollowingisidentifiedasachallengeinPPPimplementation?A.Lackofprivatesectorinterestinpublicprojects.B.Overlysimplisticcontractdesign.C.Inabilitytoinvolveend-usersinprojectdesign.D.Difficultyinadaptingtochangingsocietalneedsovertime.6.Accordingtothepassage,whatisakeymeasuretosafeguardthepublicinterestinPPPs?A.Allowingprivatepartnersfullautonomyindecision-making.B.Implementingrobustregulatoryframeworks.C.ShorteningthedurationofPPPcontracts.D.Prioritizingprivatesectorprofitoverservicequality.---PartII:VocabularyandTerminology(20points)Directions:Fillintheblankswiththeappropriatewordortermfromtheboxbelow.Eachwordortermcanbeusedonlyonce.Somewordsortermsmaynotbeused.*governance*accountability*policy-making*stakeholders*sustainabledevelopment*publicgoods*bureaucracy*transparency*decentralization*socialequity1.Theconceptof_______________referstotheprocesses,mechanisms,andinstitutionsthroughwhichcitizensandgroupsarticulatetheirinterests,exercisetheirlegalrights,meettheirobligations,andmediatetheirdifferences.2._______________inpublicadministrationensuresthatgovernmentofficialsareanswerablefortheiractionsanddecisions,andthattherearemechanismstoredressgrievances.3.Inthe_______________process,governmentsidentifyproblems,developsolutions,andimplementandevaluatecoursesofactiontoaddresssocietalissues.5._______________isaprinciplethatemphasizesfairnessandjusticeinthedistributionofresources,opportunities,andbenefitswithinasociety.6._______________referstotheshiftofdecision-makingauthorityandresponsibilitiesfromcentralgovernmenttolowerlevelsofgovernmentorotherentities.7.Theprovisionof_______________,suchascleanairandnationaldefense,whicharenon-excludableandnon-rivalrous,isaprimaryresponsibilityofgovernments.8._______________ingovernmentoperationsmeansthatinformationisaccessible,anddecision-makingprocessesareopentopublicscrutiny.---PartIII:SentenceTranslation(20points)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish(forsentences1-3)andintoChinese(forsentences4-5).1.有效的城市治理是提升居民生活质量、促进经济可持续发展的关键。2.公共政策的制定应充分考虑社会公平与环境保护，以实现长远的公共利益。3.在数字时代，政府部门需要提升其数据治理能力，以更好地服务公众并应对新兴挑战。5.Goodgovernanceischaracterizedbyparticipation,ruleoflaw,efficiency,andresponsivenesstotheneedsofthepeople.---PartIV:EssayWriting(30points)Directions:Writeanessayofapproximately____wordsonthefollowingtopic.Youressayshouldhaveaclearintroduction,bodyparagraphswithsupportingarguments,andaconclusion.Topic:Discusstheroleofdigitaltechnologyintransformingpublicservicedelivery.Whatarethemainopportunitiesandpotentialrisks?---参考答案及评分标准（简要）1.B2.B3.C4.C5.D6.BPartII:VocabularyandTerminology(20points,2.5pointseach)1.governance2.Accountability3.policy-making4.Stakeholders5.socialequity6.Decentralization7.publicgoods8.transparencyPartIII:SentenceTranslation(20points,4pointseach)(以下为参考答案，学生答案意思正确、语法无误即可酌情给分)1.Effectiveurbangovernanceiskeytoimprovingresidents'qualityoflifeandpromotingsustainableeconomicdevelopment.2.Theformulationofpublicpoliciesshouldfullyconsidersocialequityandenvironmentalprotectiontoachievelong-termpublicinterests.3.Inthedigitalage,governmentdepartmentsneedtoenhancetheirdatagovernancecapabilitiestobetterservethepublicandaddressemergingchallenges.4.循证政策制定依赖严谨的研