2026年博士研究生英语入学考试模拟试题及答案

2026年博士研究生英语入学考试模拟试题及答案第一部分：阅读理解（共20题，每题2分，共40分）注意：每题后面均有一段文字，每段文字后面有四个选项，请选择最符合原文意思的一项。1.(2分)Passage:Therapiddevelopmentofartificialintelligence(AI)hasbroughtbothopportunitiesandchallengestohighereducation.UniversitiesworldwideareintegratingAIintoteachingandresearchtoenhanceefficiencyandinnovation.However,theethicalandprivacyconcernssurroundingAIdatacollectionhaveraiseddebatesamongeducatorsandpolicymakers.Options:A.AIhasnoimpactonhighereducation.B.AIintegrationinuniversitiesisonlyabouttechnologicaladvancement.C.EthicalissuesinAIareignoredinhighereducation.D.UniversitiesareactivelyadoptingAIwhileaddressingitschallenges.Answer:D2.(2分)Passage:China’sBeltandRoadInitiative(BRI)hassignificantlyinfluencedglobaltradeandinfrastructuredevelopment.Criticsarguethattheinitiativemayleadtodebtsustainabilityissuesforparticipatingcountries,whileproponentshighlightitsroleinpromotingeconomiccooperation.Recentstudiessuggestabalancedapproachisnecessarytomaximizebenefitswhileminimizingrisks.Options:A.BRIhasnoeconomicimpactonparticipatingcountries.B.BRIissolelyadebt-financingprogram.C.BRI’sbenefitsoutweighitsrisksifmanagedproperly.D.BRIisopposedbymostcountriesworldwide.Answer:C3.(2分)Passage:TheCOVID-19pandemichasacceleratedtheadoptionofremoteworkpoliciesinmultinationalcorporations.Whilethisshifthasimprovedwork-lifebalanceforsomeemployees,ithasalsohighlightedthechallengesofmaintainingteamcohesionandproductivityinvirtualenvironments.Companiesarenowexperimentingwithhybridmodelstooptimizeemployeeengagement.Options:A.Remoteworkhasnobenefitsforemployees.B.MNCsarecompletelymovingtoremotework.C.Hybridworkmodelsarebecomingpopular.D.COVID-19hasnoimpactoncorporatepolicies.Answer:C4.(2分)Passage:RenewableenergyprojectsinSoutheastAsiaaregainingmomentumduetodecliningsolarandwindtechnologycosts.However,gridintegrationandstorageinfrastructureremainmajorhurdles.Governmentsintheregionarecollaboratingwithinternationalpartnerstoovercomethesechallengesandachievecarbonneutralitygoalsby2050.Options:A.RenewableenergyprojectsarenotfeasibleinSoutheastAsia.B.Gridintegrationistheonlyissueinrenewableenergydevelopment.C.Regionalcooperationisessentialforrenewableenergygrowth.D.Solarandwindcostsarestilltoohighforadoption.Answer:C5.(2分)Passage:ThedigitaltransformationofhealthcaresystemsinEuropehasimprovedpatientoutcomesbutalsoexposedvulnerabilitiesindatasecurity.Hospitalsandclinicsareimplementingstrictercybersecuritymeasurestoprotectsensitivepatientinformation.Meanwhile,telemedicineservicesareexpanding,offeringgreateraccessibilitytomedicalcare.Options:A.Digitalhealthcarehasnoimpactonpatientsafety.B.Cybersecurityisnotaconcerninhealthcaresystems.C.Telemedicineisbecomingmorewidespread.D.Europeanhospitalsarenotadoptingdigitaltechnologies.Answer:C6.(2分)Passage:Theriseofe-commerceinAfricahascreatedneweconomicopportunities,particularlyforsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises(SMEs).However,logisticalchallengessuchasinfrastructuregapsandhighshippingcostsremainsignificantbarriers.LocalgovernmentsareinvestingindigitalliteracyprogramstoempowerSMEstothriveintheonlinemarketplace.Options:A.E-commercehasnoimpactonAfricaneconomies.B.InfrastructureistheonlyprobleminAfricane-commerce.C.SMEsinAfricaarebenefitingfrome-commercegrowth.D.Africangovernmentsarenotsupportingdigitalbusinesses.Answer:C7.(2分)Passage:Climatechangeisdisproportionatelyaffectingsmallislanddevelopingstates(SIDS)intheCaribbean.Risingsealevelsandextremeweathereventsthreatentheirecosystemsandeconomies.InternationalorganizationsareprovidingfinancialandtechnicalsupporttohelpSIDSadaptandmitigatetheseimpacts.Options:A.SIDSarenotaffectedbyclimatechange.B.InternationalaidisnotsufficientforSIDS.C.SIDSfacesevereclimatechallengesandneedglobalsupport.D.Sea-levelrisehasnoimpactonCaribbeanislands.Answer:C8.(2分)Passage:Theglobalizationofsupplychainshasmadeindustriesmoreefficientbutalsomorevulnerabletodisruptions.Recentgeopoliticaltensionshavehighlightedtheneedfordiversificationandresilience.Companiesarenowreevaluatingtheirsupplychainstrategiestoreducerelianceonsinglecountriesorregions.Options:A.Supplychainsarenotaffectedbygeopoliticalissues.B.Diversificationisunnecessaryforsupplychainmanagement.C.Companiesareadjustingsupplychainsforresilience.D.Globalizationhasnorisksforindustries.Answer:C9.(2分)Passage:TheeducationsectorinLatinAmericaisundergoingatransformationwiththeintegrationoftechnology.Onlinelearningplatformsareexpanding,butgapsininternetaccessanddigitalliteracypersist.Governmentsareworkingtobridgethesedisparitiestoensureequitableeducationalopportunities.Options:A.TechnologyhasnoroleinLatinAmericaneducation.B.Internetaccessistheonlybarriertodigitallearning.C.Effortsarebeingmadetoimproveeducationtechnologyaccess.D.OnlinelearningisnotpopularinLatinAmerica.Answer:C10.(2分)Passage:Theautomotiveindustryisshiftingtowardelectricvehicles(EVs)duetoenvironmentalregulationsandconsumerdemand.However,batteryproductionandrecyclingremainenvironmentalconcerns.Innovationsinbatterytechnologyandcirculareconomymodelsarebeingexploredtoaddresstheseissues.Options:A.EVshavenoenvironmentalimpact.B.BatteryproductionisnotaproblemforEVs.C.TheautomotiveindustryistransitioningtoEVswithchallenges.D.ConsumersarenotinterestedinEVs.Answer:C11.(2分)Passage:Theriseofcryptocurrencyhassparkeddebatesaboutfinancialstabilityandregulation.Whilesomeviewitasarevolutionarytechnology,othersworryaboutitspotentialformisuse.Centralbanksworldwidearestudyinghowtoregulatecryptocurrencieswithoutstiflinginnovation.Options:A.Cryptocurrencyhasnoimpactonfinancialsystems.B.Cryptocurrencyregulationisunnecessary.C.Governmentsarebalancinginnovationandregulationincrypto.D.Cryptocurrencyisnotathreattotraditionalfinance.Answer:C12.(2分)Passage:ThetourismindustryinAntarcticaisgrowing,butenvironmentalistsareconcernedabouttheecologicalimpactofincreasingvisitornumbers.Regulationsarebeingimplementedtolimithumanactivityandprotectthefragileecosystem.Researchstationsintheregionarealsofocusingonsustainablepractices.Options:A.TourismhasnoeffectonAntarctica’senvironment.B.NoregulationsexistforAntarctictourism.C.EffortsarebeingmadetosustainablymanagetourisminAntarctica.D.Antarcticaisnotapopulartouristdestination.Answer:C13.(2分)Passage:ThepharmaceuticalindustryinIndiaisfacingchallengesduetostringentglobalregulationsandintellectualpropertylaws.Whilethesemeasuresensuredrugquality,theyalsolimitlocalinnovation.Indiancompaniesareseekingwaystocomplywhilefosteringresearchanddevelopment.Options:A.Indianpharmaceuticalshavenoglobalcompetition.B.StrictregulationshinderIndiandruginnovation.C.Indianfirmsarebalancingcomplianceandinnovation.D.GlobalregulationsbenefitIndianpharmaceuticals.Answer:B14.(2分)Passage:Theuseofdronesinagriculturehasimprovedcropmonitoringandprecisionfarming.However,privacyconcernsandairspaceregulationsarestillbeingaddressed.Farmersandpolicymakersarecollaboratingtodevelopframeworksthatmaximizedronebenefitswhileensuringsafetyandprivacy.Options:A.Droneshavenoroleinagriculture.B.Privacyisnotaconcernfordroneuse.C.Stakeholdersareworkingondroneregulations.D.Dronesareonlyusedformilitarypurposes.Answer:C15.(2分)Passage:TheagingpopulationinJapanhascreatedlaborshortagesinhealthcareandconstructionindustries.Thegovernmentisimplementingpoliciestoencourageimmigrationandimproveproductivity.Meanwhile,automationandroboticsarebeingintroducedtomitigateworkforceshortages.Options:A.Japanisnotfacinglaborshortages.B.ImmigrationistheonlysolutionforJapan’slaborcrisis.C.Japanisaddressingaging-relatedlaborchallenges.D.AutomationhasnoimpactonJapan’sindustries.Answer:C16.(2分)Passage:Theproliferationofsocialmediahastransformedpublicdiscoursebutalsospreadmisinformation.Platformsarenowexperimentingwithalgorithmstoreducethespreadoffalseinformation.However,theeffectivenessofthesemeasuresisstilldebatedamongresearchersandpolicymakers.Options:A.Socialmediahasnoimpactonpublicopinion.B.Algorithmscancompletelyeliminatemisinformation.C.Socialmediaplatformsaretryingtocombatfakenews.D.Misinformationisnotaproblemonsocialmedia.Answer:C17.(2分)Passage:Thefashionindustryismovingtowardsustainablepracticesduetogrowingconsumerawarenessaboutenvironmentalissues.Brandsareadoptingeco-friendlymaterialsandethicalmanufacturingprocesses.However,thetransitionremainsslowduetohighcostsandconsumerhabits.Options:A.Sustainabilityhasnoroleinfashion.B.Consumersarenotconcernedaboutfashionethics.C.Theindustryisgraduallyshiftingtosustainablepractices.D.Eco-friendlyfashionistooexpensive.Answer:C18.(2分)Passage:ThetelecommunicationssectorinAfricaisexpandingwiththerolloutof5Gnetworks.Thisexpansionisexpectedtoboostinternetaccessanddigitaleconomies.However,ruralareasstilllackadequateinfrastructure.Governmentsarepartneringwithprivatecompaniestoextendcoverage.Options:A.5GhasnoimpactonAfricantelecommunications.B.Ruralareasarenotprioritizedin5Gexpansion.C.Africaismakingprogressindigitalinfrastructure.D.5Gisonlybeneficialforurbanareas.Answer:C19.(2分)Passage:Theriseofartificialintelligenceincreativeindustrieshassparkeddebatesaboutoriginalityandauthorship.WhileAIcangeneratemusic,art,andwriting,questionsremainaboutwhetheritcantrulyreplacehumancreativity.ArtistsandethicistsareexploringhowtointegrateAIintocreativeprocesseswhilepreservinghumanexpression.Options:A.AIhasnoimpactoncreativeindustries.B.AIcanfullyreplacehumancreativity.C.DiscussionsareongoingaboutAIincreativity.D.ArtistsarenotinterestedinAItechnology.Answer:C20.(2分)Passage:Theaviationindustryisstrugglingtoreducecarbonemissionsduetothehighenergyconsumptionofaircraft.Innovationsinbiofuelsandelectricpropulsionarebeingtested,butwidespreadadoptionisstillyearsaway.Airlinesarealsoexploringcarbonoffsetprogramstocompensateforemissions.Options:A.Aviationhasnoenvironmentalimpact.B.Biofuelsarenotaviablesolutionforaviation.C.Theindustryissearchingforsustainablealternatives.D.Electricplanesarealreadyinwidespreaduse.Answer:C第二部分：词汇（共20题，每题0.5分，共10分）注意：每题留有一个空格，请从选项中选择最合适的单词填空。21.Therapidadvancementoftechnologyhas_______thewayweliveandwork.A.transformedB.improvedC.complicatedD.eliminatedAnswer:A22.Despitethe_______economicchallenges,thecompanymanagedtogrow.A.severeB.mildC.moderateD.minorAnswer:A23.Thestudyfoundastrong_______betweenphysicalactivityandmentalhealth.A.relationB.connectionC.correlationD.associationAnswer:C24.Thegovernmentimplementednewpoliciesto_______povertyinurbanareas.A.reduceB.increaseC.eliminateD.maintainAnswer:A25.Thehistorical_______oftheregionprovidesvaluableinsightsintoitsculturalevolution.A.analysisB.documentationC.interpretationD.researchAnswer:B26.The_______ofrenewableenergysourceshassignificantlyreducedcarbonemissions.A.adoptionB.developmentC.utilizationD.discoveryAnswer:A27.Thenovelexploresthecomplex_______betweenloveandambition.A.dynamicB.interactionC.relationshipD.balanceAnswer:C28.Thecommitteetaskedwithreviewingtheproposalis_______ofexpertsinthefield.A.composedB.consistedC.madeD.formedAnswer:A29.Theathlete’s_______performanceattheOlympicswasatestamenttoyearsoftraining.A.outstandingB.averageC.mediocreD.below-averageAnswer:A30.Thelegal_______requiresstrictadherencetosafetyprotocols.A.frameworkB.structureC.systemD.procedureAnswer:A31.Theeconomic_______inthecountryhasledtohighunemploymentrates.A.instabilityB.stabilityC.growthD.developmentAnswer:A32.Thescientist’s_______researchonclimatechangehasbeenwidelycited.A.groundbreakingB.routineC.conventionalD.preliminaryAnswer:A33.Thecompany’s_______strategyinvolvesexpandingintonewmarkets.A.aggressiveB.conservativeC.passiveD.neutralAnswer:A34.The_______oftheprojectwasdelayedduetounexpectedobstacles.A.implementationB.executionC.completionD.initiationAnswer:B35.Thephilosopher’s_______onethicshasinfluencedmanyscholars.A.argumentsB.viewsC.opinionsD.perspectivesAnswer:B36.The_______ofthevirushascausedglobalpanicandeconomicdisruption.A.outbreakB.emergenceC.spreadD.transmissionAnswer:A37.Theartist’s_______styleblendstraditionaltechniqueswithmodernelements.A.innovativeB.conventionalC.outdatedD.primitiveAnswer:A38.The_______ofthetreatywasintendedtopromotepeaceandcooperation.A.signingB.ratificationC.negotiationD.agreementAnswer:B39.Thestudyrevealedastrong_______betweendietandhealthoutcomes.A.correlationB.causationC.connectionD.influenceAnswer:A40.The_______ofthecommitteewasessentialformakinginformeddecisions.A.diversityB.uniformityC.homogeneityD.conformityAnswer:A第三部分：完形填空（共10题，每题1分，共10分）注意：每段文字中有10个空格，请从选项中选择最合适的单词填空。Passage1:Theriseofartificialintelligencehas_______(41)transformationsacrossindustries.Whilesomeviewitasa_______(42)forceforprogress,othersworryaboutitspotentialto_______(43)jobsandprivacy.CompaniesarenowgrapplingwithhowtointegrateAIintotheiroperationswithout_______(44)ethicalboundaries.41.A.drivenB.causedC.facilitatedD.enabled42.A.disruptiveB.constructiveC.destructiveD.transformative43.A.eliminateB.preserveC.createD.enhance44.A.crossB.respectC.ignoreD.violateAnswer:41-D,42-B,43-A,44-DPassage2:Climatechangeisdisproportionatelyaffectingsmallislanddevelopingstates.Risingsealevelsandextremeweatherevents_______(45)theirecosystemsandeconomies.InternationalorganizationsareprovidingfinancialandtechnicalsupporttohelpSIDSadaptand_______(46)theseimpacts.However,thepaceofactionremains_______(47)totheurgencyofthesituation.45.A.threatenB.protectC.sustainD.preserve46.A.mitigateB.exacerbateC.ignoreD.enhance47.A.slowerB.fasterC.morerapidD.equalAnswer:45-A,46-A,47-APassage3:Thedigitaltransformationofhealthcaresystemshasimprovedpatientoutcomesbutalso_______(48)vulnerabilitiesindatasecurity.Hospitalsandclinicsareimplementingstrictercybersecuritymeasuresto_______(49)sensitivepatientinformation.Meanwhile,telemedicineservicesareexpanding,offeringgreater_______(50)tomedicalcare.48.A.exposedB.hiddenC.addressedD.resolved49.A.protectB.shareC.discloseD.exploit50.A.accessibilityB.inaccessibilityC.limitationD.restrictionAnswer:48-A,49-A,50-APassage4:ThetourismindustryinAntarcticaisgrowing,butenvironmentalistsare_______(51)abouttheecologicalimpactofincreasingvisitornumbers.Regulationsarebeingimplementedto_______(52)humanactivityandprotectthefragileecosystem.Researchstationsintheregionarealsofocusingon_______(53)practicestominimizetheirfootprint.51.A.concernedB.unawareC.indifferentD.optimistic52.A.limitB.encourageC.promoteD.expand53.A.sustainableB.unsustainableC.environmentallyfriendlyD.harmfulAnswer:51-A,52-A,53-APassage5:ThepharmaceuticalindustryinIndiaisfacingchallengesduetostringentglobalregulationsandintellectualpropertylaws.Whilethesemeasuresensuredrug_______(54),theyalsolimitlocalinnovation.Indiancompaniesareseekingwaystocomplywhilefosteringresearchand_______(55).Thebalancebetweenglobalstandardsandlocalcreativityremainsakey_______(56).54.A.qualityB.safetyC.efficacyD.affordability55.A.developmentB.stagnationC.reductionD.elimination56.A.challengeB.opportunityC.advantageD.disadvantageAnswer:54-A,55-A,56-A第四部分：翻译（共2题，每题5分，共10分）注意：请将以下中文句子翻译成英文。57.随着人工智能技术的快速发展，许多传统行业正在经历数字化转型。企业需要适应这一趋势，否则