英语语法精讲：过去进行时（完整版讲义 + 专项测试 + 答案解析）

英语语法精讲：过去进行时（完整版讲义+专项测试+答案解析）前言过去进行时是英语时态体系中核心且易混淆的时态之一，它聚焦于过去某一特定时刻/时间段正在进行的动作，区别于一般过去时（强调动作完成），在叙事、场景描写、对话中使用频率极高。本讲义从定义、结构、用法、时间标志词、易错点辨析五个维度系统讲解，搭配100道专项测试题与详细解析，适合初中、高中及英语基础学习者系统掌握。第一部分：过去进行时核心语法讲解一、过去进行时的定义过去进行时，表示在过去某一特定时刻或某一段时间内，正在进行、尚未完成的动作或存在的状态。核心特点：动作在过去发生，且当时“正在进行”，不强调动作是否结束。例：Iwasreadingabookat8:00lastnight.（昨晚8点我正在看书。——强调8点那一刻的动作状态）二、过去进行时的句子结构过去进行时的基本公式：was/were+现在分词（doing）1.肯定句主语+was/were+doing+其他主语是单数/不可数名词/I/he/she/it→用was主语是复数/you→用were例：Shewascookingdinneratthattime.WewerewatchingTVwhenhecamein.2.否定句主语+was/were+not+doing+其他缩写：wasn’t=wasnot；weren’t=werenot例：Theyweren’tplayingfootballat5:00yesterday.Iwasn’tsleepingwhenyoucalledme.3.一般疑问句Was/Were+主语+doing+其他？回答：Yes,主语+was/were./No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t.例：—Wereyoulisteningtotheteacherjustnow?—Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn’t.4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其他？例：Whatwereyoudoingatthatmoment?Wherewashewaitingforyou?三、现在分词（doing）的变化规则过去进行时的关键是doing形式，需牢记以下变形规则：一般情况：直接加-ing→work→working；play→playing以不发音e结尾：去e加-ing→make→making；write→writing重读闭音节（辅+元+辅）：双写末尾辅音字母加-ing→run→running；swim→swimming；sit→sitting；stop→stopping以ie结尾：变ie为y，加-ing→lie→lying；die→dying四、过去进行时的6大核心用法（必考）用法1：表示过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作标志性时间词：atthattime/moment,at8:00yesterday,atthistimelastnight等。例：AtthistimelastSunday,wewerevisitingthemuseum.（上周日这个时候，我们正在参观博物馆。）用法2：表示过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作动作在这段时间内一直进行，不一定每时每刻都不停，但整体处于进行状态。例：Theywerebuildingabridgelastyear.（去年他们一直在建一座桥。）用法3：与一般过去时连用，描述“一个长动作正在进行时，另一个短动作突然发生”句型：过去进行时（长动作）+when+一般过去时（短动作）长动作：背景动作（未完成）；短动作：插入性动作（瞬间完成）例：IwaswalkinginthestreetwhenImetanoldfriend.（我正在街上走路，突然遇见了一位老朋友。）用法4：表示过去两个动作同时进行用while连接，主从句都用过去进行时。例：WhileIwasreading,mybrotherwasplayinggames.（我在看书的时候，我弟弟在玩游戏。）用法5：用于叙事/故事中的场景描写文学作品、记叙文里，用过去进行时营造氛围、交代背景。例：Thewindwasblowing,andthebirdsweresinging.（风在吹，鸟儿在歌唱。）用法6：表示过去频繁、反复的动作（常与always,forever连用，带感情色彩：赞美、厌烦、抱怨）区别：一般过去时仅陈述事实，过去进行时加情绪。例：Hewasalwaysaskingmeformoney.（他老是问我借钱。——暗含厌烦）五、过去进行时的时间标志词（一眼判断时态）看到以下词汇，优先考虑过去进行时：at8:00lastnight/morningatthistimeyesterday/lastweekatthattime/momentthen（那时）when/while（引导时间状语从句）alldayyesterday（昨天一整天）六、过去进行时VS一般过去时（高频易错点）这是考试最常考、最易混的辨析点，核心区别：过去进行时：强调动作正在进行、未完成、持续性一般过去时：强调动作完成、结束、事实性对比例句：Iwaswritingaletterlastnight.（昨晚我在写信。——不一定写完）Iwrotealetterlastnight.（昨晚我写了一封信。——已经写完）HewaswatchingTVat9:00.（9点他正在看电视。）HewatchedTVat9:00.（9点他看了电视。）七、不能用于过去进行时的静态动词以下动词表示状态、情感、感官、拥有，无进行时，永远用一般过去时：感官：see,hear,smell,taste,sound情感：like,love,hate,prefer存在：be（除进行时含义外）,exist拥有：have（有）,own,belongto思想：know,think（认为）,understand,forget,remember错误：Iwasknowinghimatthattime.正确：Iknewhimatthattime.第二部分：过去进行时专项测试题（100题）一、用所给词的适当形式填空（30题）I______(watch)TVat8:00lastnight.They______(play)basketballatthatmoment.She______(notread)abookwhenIcamein.______you______(listen)tomusicat9:00yesterday?Mymother______(cook)whilemyfather______(read)newspaper.What______he______(do)atthistimelastweek?Thestudents______(talk)whentheteacher______(come)in.It______(rain)alldayyesterday.They______(build)ahouselastmonth.He______always______(help)otherswhenhewasyoung.I______(lie)inbedatthattime.We______(notswim)at5:00yesterdayafternoon.______she______(dance)whenyoucalled?Thekids______(sleep)whentheearthquakehappened.Mybrother______(write)aletteralldayyesterday.Whilewe______(walk),itbegantorain.He______(notdo)hishomeworkat7:00lastnight.What______they______(talk)aboutjustnow?She______(draw)apictureatthatmoment.Theboys______(run)ontheplaygroundat10:00.I______(have)ameetingatthattime.（have表状态，无进行时）He______(know)theansweratthattime.They______(enjoy)themselvesatthepartylastnight.Thewind______(blow)hardwhenIlefthome.Mysister______(sing)whileI______(play)thepiano.We______(wait)forthebuswhenitrained.She______(notwear)adressatthepartyyesterday.______it______(snow)atthistimelastweek?Theteacher______(explain)thelessonwhenthebellrang.He______(forget)mynameatthatmoment.二、单项选择（40题）I______myhomeworkat7:00lastnight.A.doB.didC.amdoingD.wasdoingThey______footballatthattime.A.playedB.wereplayingC.playD.areplayingMymother______whenIgothome.A.cooksB.iscookingC.wascookingD.cooked—Whatwereyoudoingat8:00yesterday?—I______abook.A.readB.readsC.amreadingD.wasreadingWhilehe______,Iwasdoingmyhomework.A.sleepsB.sleptC.wassleepingD.issleepingWe______TVwhenthetelephonerang.A.watchedB.werewatchingC.watchD.arewatchingShe______tomusicwhenIcamein.A.listenedB.listensC.islisteningD.waslisteningThey______ameetingat9:00yesterdaymorning.A.hadB.haveC.werehavingD.arehavingTheboy______computergamesalldayyesterday.A.playsB.playedC.wasplayingD.isplayingWhat______you______atthatmoment?A.are;doingB.were;doingC.do;doD.did;doHe______always______stupidquestionsinclass.A.is;askingB.was;askingC.are;askingD.were;askingI______mybikeat5:00yesterdayafternoon.A.rodeB.rideC.wasridingD.amridingShe______aletterwhenthepostmancame.A.wroteB.writesC.waswritingD.iswritingWe______intheparkatthistimelastSunday.A.walkedB.werewalkingC.walkD.arewalkingThestudents______whentheteachercamein.A.talkB.talkedC.aretalkingD.weretalkingWhileI______TV,mysisterwasdoingherhomework.A.watchB.watchedC.waswatchingD.amwatchingIt______whenwegottothestation.A.rainB.rainsC.wasrainingD.israiningThey______formeatthebusstopatthattime.A.waitB.waitedC.werewaitingD.arewaitingMyfather______anewspaperwhilemymother______.A.read;cookedB.wasreading;wascookingC.read;wascookingD.wasreading;cookedHe______tobeduntilhisfathercameback.A.didn’tgoB.wasn’tgoingC.goesD.wasgoingI______you,butyouweren’tathome.A.callB.calledC.wascallingD.amcallingShe______adresswhenIsawher.A.makesB.madeC.wasmakingD.ismakingWe______apartyat8:00lastnight.A.hadB.haveC.werehavingD.arehavingThebaby______whenthetelephonerang.A.sleepsB.sleptC.wassleepingD.issleepingWhat______he______whenyousawhim?A.is;doingB.was;doingC.does;doD.did;doThey______basketballatthattimeyesterday.A.playedB.wereplayingC.playD.areplayingI______myhairat7:30yesterdaymorning.A.washedB.washC.waswashingD.amwashingWhilewe______,theteachercamein.A.talkedB.weretalkingC.talkD.aretalkingShe______inthegardenatthistimeyesterday.A.workedB.wasworkingC.worksD.isworkingHe______astorybookatthatmoment.A.readB.readsC.wasreadingD.isreadingWe______not______footballatthattime.A.were;playingB.was;playingC.are;playingD.did;playThewind______hardlastnight.A.blowsB.blewC.wasblowingD.isblowingMybrother______whileI______.A.sang;dancedB.wassinging;wasdancingC.sang;wasdancingD.wassinging;dancedI______alettertomyfriendat8:00lastnight.A.writeB.wroteC.waswritingD.amwritingThey______afilmwhenIgottothecinema.A.watchedB.werewatchingC.watchD.arewatchingShe______always______mewithmyEnglish.A.was;helpingB.is;helpingC.were;helpingD.are;helpingThestudents______theclassroomat5:00yesterday.A.cleanedB.werecleaningC.cleanD.arecleaningWhilehe______hishomework,hismothercamein.A.didB.doesC.wasdoingD.isdoingI______breakfastat7:00yesterday.A.haveB.hadC.washavingD.amhavingHe______thecaratthattime.A.washesB.washedC.waswashingD.iswashing三、句型转换（15题）Iwasreadingabookatthattime.（改为否定句）I____________abookatthattime.Theywereplayinggames.（改为一般疑问句）______they______games?Shewascookingdinnerat8:00.（对划线部分提问）____________she______at8:00?WewerewatchingTVthen.（对划线部分提问）____________youwatchingTV?Hewaswritingaletter.（改为复数句）____________writing______.Theywerecleaningtheroom.（对划线部分提问）____________theycleaning?Iwassleepingwhenhecalledme.（对划线部分提问）____________yousleeping?Shewassingingatthatmoment.（改为否定句）She____________atthatmoment.Wereyoulisteningtotheteacher?（作肯定回答）______,____________.Washereadinganewspaper?（作否定回答）______,____________.Theywereplayingbasketballat5:00.（对划线部分提问）____________theyplayingbasketball?Hewasrunningontheplayground.（对划线部分提问）____________herunning?Wewerehavingameetingthen.（改为一般疑问句）____________havingameetingthen?Thegirlwascryingjustnow.（改为否定句）Thegirl____________justnow.TheyweretalkingwhenIsawthem.（对划线部分提问）____________they______whenyousawthem?四、英汉互译（15题）昨晚这个时候我正在洗澡。当老师进来时，学生们正在说话。昨天下午5点他们正在踢足球。我在看书的时候，我妈妈在做饭。那时他正在做什么？TheywerenotwatchingTVatthattime.Wasshesingingwhenyoucamein?Whatwereyoudoingat9:00yesterdaymorning?Thewindwasblowingallnight.Hewasalwayshelpingothers.昨天一整天我都在写作业。当我到家时，我爸爸正在看报纸。他们那时正在等公交车。Wereyouplayinggamesatthatmoment?她正在画画，这时电话响了。第三部分：答案+详细解析一、用所给词的适当形式填空（答案+解析）waswatching解析：at8:00lastnight过去具体时刻，用过去进行时。wereplaying解析：atthatmoment过去进行时标志，主语复数用were。wasn’treading解析：when引导一般过去时，主句用过去进行时。Were;listening解析：at9:00yesterday过去进行时，一般疑问句把were提前。wascooking;wasreading解析：while连接两个同时进行的过去动作，都用过去进行时。was;doing解析：atthistimelastweek过去进行时，特殊疑问句结构。weretalking;came解析：长动作（正在说话）用过去进行时，短动作（进来）用一般过去时。wasraining解析：alldayyesterday过去持续动作，用过去进行时。werebuilding解析：lastmonth过去一段时间持续动作，用过去进行时。was;helping解析：always+过去进行时，表示过去反复动作，带赞美。waslying解析：lie变lying，atthattime用过去进行时。weren’tswimming解析：at5:00yesterday过去进行时否定形式。Was;dancing解析：when引导一般过去时，主句用过去进行时。weresleeping解析：地震发生时，孩子正在睡觉，过去进行时。waswriting解析：alldayyesterday持续动作，过去进行时。werewalking解析：while引导过去进行时，主句用一般过去时。wasn’tdoing解析：at7:00lastnight过去具体时刻，否定形式。were;talking解析：justnow结合语境，过去正在进行的动作。wasdrawing解析：atthatmoment过去进行时标志。wererunning解析：at10:00过去具体时刻，复数主语用were。washaving解析：have表示“开会”是动作，可用进行时；表“拥有”不可用。knew解析：know是静态动词，无进行时，用一般过去时。wereenjoying解析：lastnight持续动作，过去进行时。wasblowing解析：when引导一般过去时，主句用过去进行时。wassinging;wasplaying解析：while连接两个同时进行的过去动作。werewaiting解析：等车是长动作，下雨是短动作，前者过去进行时。wasn’twearing解析：wear表状态，此处为过去进行时否定。Was;snowing解析：atthistimelastweek过去进行时。wasexplaining解析：老师讲解是长动作，铃响是短动作。forgot解析：forget是静态动词，无进行时，用一般过去时。二、单项选择（答案+解析）1.D2.B3.C4.D5.C6.B7.D8.C9.C10.B11.B12.C13.C14.B15.D16.C1