人教版六年级下册英语知识点总结

人教版六年级下册英语知识点总结同学们，六年级下册的英语学习是对整个小学阶段英语知识的梳理与提升，也是为初中学习打下坚实基础的关键时期。这份总结旨在帮助大家系统回顾本学期的核心知识点，查漏补缺，巩固所学。希望大家能结合课本和练习，将这些知识融会贯通，真正做到学以致用。一、核心话题与功能意念本学期的英语学习围绕几个主要话题展开，每个话题都有其核心的功能意念和表达方式：1.谈论过去的活动(Lastweekend/Schooltrip)*功能：询问并描述过去某个时间发生的事情、做过的活动，以及对过去活动的感受。*常用表达：*--Howwasyourweekend?--Itwasgood/great/OK/bad...*--Whatdidyoudolastweekend?--Ididmyhomework/watchedTV/wenthiking...*--Didyougotothepark?--Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.*Isawafilm.Itwasinteresting./Itwasboring.2.谈论学校旅行(Schooltrip)*功能：描述过去的一次学校旅行经历，包括去过哪里、看到了什么、做了什么。*常用表达：*Wewenttoafarm/thezoo/asciencemuseum.*Isawmanyanimals/plants/robots.*Itwassomuchfun./Itwasexciting.*Didyoutakeanypictures?3.购物(Shopping)*功能：询问价格、尺寸、颜色，表达喜好，以及购物时的常用对话。*常用表达：*--CanIhelpyou?/WhatcanIdoforyou?--Yes,Iwant...*--Howmuchisit?/Howmucharethey?--It's...yuan./They're...yuan.*--Whatsizedoyouwant?--SizeS/M/L.*--Whatcolourdoyoulike?--Ilikered/blue...*It'stoobig/small/expensive.I'lltakeit.二、重点词汇分类梳理词汇是语言的基石，本学期的词汇学习仍需注重积累和运用：1.动词及动词短语(Verbs&Phrases)*一般过去时常用动词：*go-went,do-did,does-did,play-played,watch-watched,wash-washed,clean-cleaned,visit-visited,learn-learned/learnt,see-saw,eat-ate,drink-drank,take-took,buy-bought,get-got,have-had,am/is-was,are-were,read-read,sleep-slept,study-studied,finish-finished*动词短语：gofishing,gohiking,goswimming,goshopping,playfootball,watchTV,dohomework,cleantheroom,visitgrandparents,readabook,seeafilm,eatfreshfood,takepictures,buygifts,rideahorse,rideabike,hurtmyfoot,gocamping,playbadminton*其他常用动词：*need,want,help,try,love,like,hate,can,may,should2.名词(Nouns)*时间与星期：weekend,Saturday,Sunday,yesterday,lastweekend,morning,afternoon,evening*活动与场所：park,zoo,farm,museum,cinema,bookstore,supermarket,school,home,trip,holiday,homework,housework,sport,game,film,gift,food,fruit,vegetable,animal,robot,horse,bike*人物：grandparents,parents,teacher,student,friend,people*其他：size,colour,price,yuan,dollar,shop,store3.形容词与副词(Adjectives&Adverbs)*形容词：good,fine,great,OK,bad,tired,happy,sad,excited,bored,interesting,funny,boring,fresh,delicious,cheap,expensive,big,small,long,short,new,old,red,blue,yellow,etc.(颜色词)*副词：yesterday,lastnight,before,now,often,usually,sometimes,quickly,slowly,well,very,too,so4.疑问词(QuestionWords)*what,where,when,who,why,how,howmuch,howmany,howold,whatcolour,whatsize三、核心句型与语法要点语法是语言的骨架，本学期的重点语法项目需要扎实掌握：1.一般过去时(TheSimplePastTense)*含义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。*时间标志词：yesterday(昨天),lastweekend(上周末),lastnight(昨晚),lastMonday(上周一),...ago(多久以前，如threedaysago三天前，但注意避免使用具体数字过多，理解其含义即可),in2022(在2022年，仅为举例年份概念)。*动词变化：*Be动词：am/is→was;are→were。*肯定句：Iwasathomeyesterday.Theywerehappylastweekend.*否定句：Iwasnot(wasn't)athomeyesterday.Theywerenot(weren't)happylastweekend.*一般疑问句：Wasyouathomeyesterday?→Wereyouathomeyesterday?(注意第二人称you搭配were)Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn't.Weretheyhappylastweekend?Yes,theywere./No,theyweren't.*实义动词：*肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他。IwatchedTVlastnight.Shewashedherclothesyesterday.*否定句：主语+didn't+动词原形+其他。Ididn'twatchTVlastnight.Shedidn'twashherclothesyesterday.*一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他?DidyouwatchTVlastnight?Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.Didshewashherclothesyesterday?Yes,shedid./No,shedidn't.*规则动词过去式构成：*一般在词尾加-ed。如：play-played,watch-watched。*以不发音的e结尾的动词，加-d。如：like-liked,live-lived。*以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-ed。如：study-studied,worry-worried。*以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stop-stopped,plan-planned(此类动词本学期接触较少，了解即可)。*不规则动词过去式：需重点记忆并熟练运用，如go-went,do-did,eat-ate,see-saw,take-took,buy-bought,get-got,have-had,am/is-was,are-were,read-read,sleep-slept。2.情态动词can的用法(ModalVerb"can")*含义：表示“能，会，可以”，否定形式为can't(cannot)。*用法：can/can't+动词原形。*Icanswim.Ican'tfly.*Canyourideabike?Yes,Ican./No,Ican't.*Canheplayfootball?Yes,hecan./No,hecan't.*含义：用于两者之间的比较，表示“更……”。*构成：*单音节词和部分双音节词：*一般直接加-er。如：tall-taller,short-shorter,young-younger,old-older。*以不发音的e结尾，加-r。如：nice-nicer,large-larger。*以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-er。如：happy-happier,angry-angrier(angry本学期可能接触较少)。*以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-er。如：big-bigger,thin-thinner,hot-hotter。*部分双音节词和多音节词：在词前加more。如：interesting-moreinteresting,expensive-moreexpensive,carefully-morecarefully(副词)。*常用句型：A+be+形容词比较级+than+B.*Thisappleisbiggerthanthatone.*Sheisyoungerthanhim.*A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B.*Herunsfasterthanme.4.Therebe句型的过去式(Therewas/Therewere)*含义：表示过去某地存在某物或某人。*构成：Therewas+单数名词/不可数名词。Therewere+复数名词。*Therewasasmallhouseheremanyyearsago.*Thereweremanytreesintheparklastyear.*否定句：Therewasn't.../Thereweren't...*一般疑问句：Wasthere...?Yes,therewas./No,therewasn't.Werethere...?Yes,therewere./No,thereweren't.四、功能意念与日常用语掌握这些常用表达，能帮助你更好地进行日常交流：1.问候与告别(Greetings&Farewells)*--Howareyou?--I'mfine,thankyou./Notbad./Justsoso.*--Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.--Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.*--Goodbye./Bye.--Bye./Seeyou.2.谈论过去的事情(TalkingaboutPastEvents)*--Howwasyourweekend?--Itwasgreat,thanks./ItwasOK./Itwasnotgood.*--Whatdidyoudolastweekend?--IstayedathomeandwatchedTV.*--Didyougoanywhere?--Yes,Iwenttotheparkwithmyfamily./No,Ididn't.*--Didyouhaveagoodtime?--Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.3.购物(Shopping)*--CanIhelpyou?--Yes,please.Iwantapairofshoes.*--Whatsizedoyouwear?--Size37,please.*--Howaboutthisone?--It'snice.Howmuchisit?*--It's98yuan.--That'sexpensive.Doyouhaveacheaperone?/OK,I'lltakeit.4.表达喜好与能力(ExpressingLikes&Abilities)