福建省2025中考英语重难题型突破题型三短文填空

题型三短文填空考情分析解题指导一、名词考点：可数名词变复数典例1[2024福建节选]Historically,Xi’anhasalwaysbeenacityofart,industryandbusinessthathaveplaceditfarinfrontofmanyother89(city).根据“many”可判断，此处应填“city”的复数“cities”。技巧点拨当所给词是单数可数名词时，且空前有2及以上的数字、复数代词或者some、many、more、few、all、several、oneof等，名词要用复数形式。二、动词考点1：谓语动词的时态典例2[2024福建节选]Thecity’searlyhistoryisoftenconnectedwithLiuBang,whostartedtheHanDynastyandmadeXi’anhiscapital.He82(give)itthenameChang’an.技巧点拨当所给词为动词时，一定要先利用设空所在句的时态标志词以及并列结构，确定时态。考点2：谓语动词的语态典例31.动词前有be动词，可能是现在进行时或者被动语态；2.句意为“它作为软件研究、开发和服务中心而最为人所知”，故为被动语态，此处应填“known”。[2024福建节选]Itisbest88(know)asacenterforsoftware(软件)research,developmentandservices.技巧点拨当所给词为动词时，先根据时态标志词确定时态，再思考是否需要用被动语态，尤其注意提示词“by”。考点3：非谓语动词典例4此空前为介词“in”，介词后跟动名词，可知此题答案为“building”。[2024福建节选]KoreaandJapanfollowedXi’an’sexamplein83(build)theirancientcapitals.技巧点拨1.当所给词为动词且在介词的后面时，直接写出动词的动名词形式。2.固定搭配，如：enjoy/avoid/practice/finishdoingsth.。三、形容词和副词考点1：比较级和最高级典例5此空前为定冠词“the”,且“the”常常与形容词最高级一起搭配使用，故此空应填largest。[2024福建节选]IncentralXi’anthereistheBellTower—the85(large)belltowerremaininginChina.技巧点拨当题后出现“than”或者题前出现even/much等修饰词时用比较级；题前有“the”且下文出现“of/in...”等表示“范围”的标志词时，用最高级。设空处修饰后面的动词“设空处修饰后面的动词“hopes”。副词修饰动词，可知填real的副词形式really。典例6[2023福建节选]He90(real)hopesthatthesculpturehandicraftwillbepasseddowntothenextgeneration.技巧点拨1.当所给提示词为形容词且题的前后有动词，即“adj.+v.或v.+adj.”结构。把所给的形容词改为副词，副词修饰动词。2.当所给提示词为形容词且题前有形容词，即“adj.+adj.”结构。要将所给的形容词改为副词，副词修饰形容词。3.当所给提示词为形容词且位于句首，与后文用逗号隔开，即“adj.+，+句子”结构。把所给的形容词改为副词，副词修饰整个句子。四、数词考点：基数词变序数词典例7Itwastheworld’s84(one)instrumenttoshowthedirectionofearthquakes.（句意：它是世界上第一个能够指示地震方向的仪器。故填first。）技巧点拨当所给词为基数词，题前有定冠词the/形容词性物主代词/名词所有格，题后有单数名词时，用“第几……”翻译，逻辑通顺即填序数词。五、代词考点1：人称代词主格变宾格典例8空缺处作动词tells的宾语，故填we的宾格形式us。[2020福建节选]Wedonotknowwhetherthisstoryistrue,butittells87(we)thatricehasthesamevalueasgoldtotheChinese.技巧点拨当代词位于介词或动词之后时，用其宾格形式。考点2：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词典例9[2023福建节选]Hehasledlotsofyoungcraftsmen(手艺人)inandnear84(he)villagetomakecoloredclaysculptures...设空处后为名词“village”,应与设空处的代词构成“他的村庄”的含义，故“he”应变为形容词性物主代词“his”。技巧点拨当所给提示词为人称代词，题后是名词且构成“……的”的含义时，则填该代词的形容词性物主代词。当题后没有其他名词且需要表达“……的”的含义时，则填该代词的名词性物主代词(名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+n.)。考点3：反身代词典例10此处重塑的是西安自己，故应用反身代词“itself”。[2024福建节选]Xi’anisacityalwaysremaking90(it)andlookingforward,allthewhilekeepingthebestofthepast.技巧点拨当所给提示词为人称代词，题前是动词或介词，用“某人自己”翻译时，逻辑通顺即填反身代词。常考的固定搭配有：enjoyoneself，teachoneself和helponeself。六、冠词考点1：不定冠词典例11[2023福建节选]Hebeganlearningitfromhisfatherwhenhewas83child.（此处泛指一个孩子，且child以辅音音素开头，故填a。）技巧点拨方位词如：east、west、south、north等在英语中通常需要在其前面加上定冠词the，故填the。不定冠词a和an是用于单数可数名词前，对名词起限定作用的一种虚词，表泛指，即表示所说的人或物对听者或读者来说可能是不明确的。方位词如：east、west、south、north等在英语中通常需要在其前面加上定冠词the，故填the。考点2：定冠词典例12[2024福建节选]Itliesin81northofChina.技巧点拨定冠词“the”在英语中的使用规则包括特指某人或某物、独一无二的事物、序数词和形容词最高级前、方向和方位名词前等。七、连词前后是两个独立的分句，所以缺少一个连词。根据句意可知空格前后有转折关系，故填but。典例13[2024福建节选]Thebellwasfirstdesignedasanemergencyalarm(警钟)towarnofdanger,86itwasveryoftenusedtotellpeoplethetime.技巧点拨观察空格前后是否是独立的部分，是否需要一个连词来串联。然后根据句意选择连词。连词主要分为4类：并列连词、转折连词、选择连词和因果连词。八、固定搭配典例14[2023福建节选]Overtheseyears,hehasseenthedevelopmentoftheartform.87first,theclaytigerswereallofthesamesmallsize.句意：起初，泥塑老虎都是一样的小尺寸。atfirst“起初”，为固定搭配。故填At。技巧点拨本题主要考查的是考生平时积累的一些固定搭配。短文填空三阶训练第一阶 单个词汇变形练名词一、名词变复数I.请完成下面的表格。变化规则例词一般情况直接加-sbird-，desk-以s,x,ch,sh结尾直接加-esglass-，box-，brush-，watch-以f（e）结尾变f（e）为v,再加-esknife-，leaf-直接加-sgiraffe-两种皆可scarf-，-以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i,再加-esbaby-，city-以元音字母加y结尾直接加-smonkey-，holiday-以o结尾表示有生命的名词，加-esHero-，tomato-以o结尾表示无生命的名词，加-spiano-，radio-两种皆可zero-，-表示“某国人”（口诀：中日不变，英法变；其余-s加后面。）不变Chinese-变a为eEnglishman-加-sGerman-合成名词以man,woman开头，前后都变复数mandoctor-，womanteacher-以man,woman结尾，将man,woman变复数Policeman-，Englishwoman-一般合成词，将主体名词变复数appletree-，fruitshop-，特殊变化foot-，tooth-child-，mouse-单复数同形sheep-，deer-II.写出下列名词的复数形式。A1.diary2.gift3.class4.match5.hobby 6.plane7.potato8.shoe9.kite10.American11.Japanese12.shelfB1.animal2.basket3.belt  4.dish5.beach6.lion7.minute8.key 9.panda  10.plate11.company12.wolf   13.zoo14.Canadian二、名词变形容词I.请完成下面的表格。变形规则例词变形规则例词加后缀-aleducation-，person-加后缀-ablecomfort-reason-加后缀-fulhelp-，success-加-nAsia-，America-加后缀-lesscare-，meaning-加-anEurope-加后缀-yhealth-，wind-，wealth-加-eseJapan-加后缀-lyfriend-，love-加-ernsouth-，west-加后缀-ousdanger-ance结尾的变为antimportance-加后缀-enwool-，wood-ence结尾的变为entdifference-，silence-加后缀-ishfool-其他pride-II.写出下列名词的形容词形式。A1.cloud（云）→（多云的）2.beauty（美丽）→（美丽的）3.color（颜色）→（彩色的）4.help（帮助）→（无帮助的）5.sun（太阳）→（晴朗的）6.fog（雾）→（多雾的）7.week（周）→（每周的）8.peace（和平）→（和平的）B1.cheer（高兴）→（高兴的）2.hope（希望）→（绝望的）3.doubt（怀疑）→（怀疑的）4.luck（幸运）→（幸运的）5.noise（噪音）→（吵闹的）6.pain（疼痛）→（疼痛的）7.value（价值）→（有价值的）8.tradition（传统）→（传统的）动词一、动词的-ing形式I.请完成下面的表格。变化规则变化规则变化规则变化规则一般在词尾加-inggo-，play-以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个字母，再加-ingrun-，stop-，以不发音的字母e结尾，先去e再加-ingmake-，come-以ie结尾，先将ie改为y，再加-ingtie-，die-，lie-，II.写出下列动词的-ing形式。A1.remind2.talk3.win4.read5.stand6.cook7.swim8.sleep9.learn10.write11.sing12.cut13.take14.climbB1.put2.drink3.count4.forget5.get6.fish7.begin8.hit9.live10.chat11.vote12.draw13.plan14.sit三、动词的第三人称单数形式I.请完成下面的表格。变化规则例词一般在词尾加-swork-，get-以s,x,o,ch,sh结尾的动词，在词尾加-esgo-，wash-以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把y变i，再加-esstudy-，try-特殊情况have-II.写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。A1.wear2.write3.think4.teach5.wish6.serve7.send8.protect9.prefer10.flyB1.advise 2.become3.catch4.dance5.decide 6.empty7.enjoy 8.finish9.give10.grow三、动词的过去式I.请完成下面的表格。两辅夹一元变化规则例词一般在词尾加-edjoin-，plant-以不发音的字母e结尾，在词尾加-draise-，move-以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edplan-，stop-以辅音字母+y结尾，把y变i再加-edstudy-，try-不规则单词需特殊记忆hit-，become-II.写出下列动词的过去式。A1.accept2.begin3.blow4.carry5.catch6.fight7.happen8.help9.invent10.feelB1.ask2.believe3.break4.buy5.deal6.drop7.find8.give9.hear10.make形容词、副词一、形容词变副词I.请完成下面的表格。变化规则例词一般情况直接在词尾加-lyslow-，quick-以y结尾，发音为/i/时，变y为i，再加-lybusy-，angry-以y结尾，发音为/aɪ/时，直接加-lyshy-，dry-以元音字母+e结尾，去e加-lytrue-，以le结尾，变e为yterrible-II.写出下列形容词的副词形式。A1.bad2.careful3.deep4.easy5.happy6.heavy7.kind8.lucky9.mainB1.noisy2.polite3.calm4.quiet5.rapid6.real7.recent8.safe9.serious10.special11.strong12.final二、形容词和副词的比较等级I.请完成下面的表格。变化规则例词常见的单音节词和少数以er和ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在末尾加-er,最高级在末尾加-esthard-，clever-原级以e结尾且e不发音的单词，比较级在末尾加-r,最高级在末尾加-stlarge-，late-以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，比较级双写末尾辅音加-er,最高级双写末尾辅音加-estbig-，thin-以辅音+y结尾的双音节词，改y为i,比较级在i后加-er,最高级在i后加-esteasy-，early-多音节和部分双音节词，前加more或mostuseful-，difficult-形容词+ly转化为副词，前加more或mostslowly-，quickly-不规则变化需特殊记忆good-，bad-II.写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级形式。A1.hot2.slow3.small4.tall5.strict6.weak 7.dangerous8.important9.popular10.friendlyB1.little2.nice3.much4.high5.easily6.cheap7.exciting8.famous9.successful10.comfortable代词、数词、构词法一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词I.请完成下面的表格。人称代词（主格）人称代词（宾格）形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词Ime1.minemyselfyouyouyour2.yourself/yourselveshe3.hishishimselfsheherherhers4.itititsits5.weus6.oursourselvesthey7.theirtheirsthemselves二、基数词变序数词I.请完成下面的表格。基数词变化规则例词one,two,three不规则变化one-，two-，three-four~nineteen基数词词尾加-thfourth第四,sixth第六；特殊：fifth第五，eighth第八，ninth第九，twelfth第十二twenty~ninety（整十）词尾ty变为tie再加-thtwentieth第二十，eightieth第八十多位数（表示整十、整百、整千……的数除外）只变个位数（hundred,thousand）等只在词尾加-th）thirty-third第三十三，onehundredandtwenty-fifth第一百二十五，hundredth第一百II.写出下列基数词的序数词形式。1.four2.five3.six4.seven5.eight6.nine7.ten8.eleven9.twelve10.thirteen11.twenty-one12.forty-five13.thousand14.ninety15.hundred16.million17.fourteen18.fifteen19.sixteen20.seventeen21.eighteen22.nineteen23.thirty24.forty25.fifty26.sixty27.seventy28.eighty-two三、构词法I.前缀前缀含义例词dis-不、无、分开likedislike（不喜欢）in-不、无、非correctincorrect（不正确的）im-不、无、非politeimpolite（不礼貌的）un-不、无happyunhappy（不高兴的）mis-错误，失误understand→misunderstand（误解）re-再，重复viewreview（复习）a-处于……情况livealive（活着的）en-使……richenrich（使丰富）II.后缀Ⅲ.写出下列单词的适当形式。A1.appear→（消失）2.agree→（不同意）3.wake→（醒着的）4.power→（强大的）5.sleep→（睡着的）6.able→（使能够）7.write→（重写）8.possible→（不可能的）9.teach→（老师）10.local→（局部地）11.narrow→（狭隘地）12.effect→（有效的）B1.spell→（拼错）2.expensive→（不贵的）3.certain→（不确定的）4.report→（记者）5.decide→（决定）6.develop→（发展）7.renew→（可再生的）8.happy→（幸福）9.hope→（有希望的）10.end→（无休止的）11.necessary→（必要地）12.humor→（幽默的）13.organize→（组织）C1.laugh→（笑声）2.act→（行动）3.fail→（失败）4.true→（真相）5.grow→（成长）6.accept→（可接受的）7.class→（分类）8.direct→（间接的）9.joy→（高兴的）10.patient→（没有耐心的）11.build→（重建）12.able→（不能胜任的）第二阶 词汇语句中变形练用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。A1.Adictionaryisreallya    (use)toolinlearningEnglish.2.ShenzhouⅩⅥwaslaunched (success)onMay30th,2023.3.Thanksforinviting   (we)tothedinner,MissWhite.Wereallyenjoyit.4.Weshouldneverforgetthose   (hero)whofoughtandlosttheirlivesforourcountry.5.Sofar,nomanhastravelled   (far)thanthemoon.6.Myjuniorhighschoollifeis   (color),thoughI’malwaysbusy.7.I   (watch)theflowershowtwice.8.Afriendof   (I)cametoseemethatafternoon.9.Everyoneis  (surprise)attherapidgrowthofAI,especiallytheannouncementofChatGPT.10.Wewerevery  (thank)tohimforhishelp.B1.Wefinishedthe  (nine)lessonlastweek.2.DuringamealintheWest,peopleuse    (knife)andforksmostofthetime.3.Themoreyougojogging,the   (healthy)youwillfeel.Justtryit!4.Theboyhasbeenkeeping  (diary)inEnglishformanyyears.5.Pleasethink   (two)beforeyouhandinyourpaper.6.Youmustdrive   (care)whenit’ssnowingheavily.7.Kate’sgrandfatherhasbeen   (die)forsixmonths.8.Thoseareherbooks,and   (you)areonthedesk.9.Heis   (interest)inEnglish.SoheoftenreadsEnglishnewspapers.10.Myteachertoldmethatlight   (travel)muchfasterthansound.C1.Jimcanplayfootballverywell.He’sagood    (play).2.Itwasvery  (noise)outsideinthestreetlastnight.3.Hebecamea  (music)whenhewasonlytwenty.4.Motherneededanoperationbecauseshewas    (bad)ill.5.The  (farm)isgoingtothesheepfarmthisafternoon.6.Thebuildingiseighty  (foot)high.7.Sheoftenhelpshermotherdosome    (wash).8.Mikeisfat,andJohnisalittle (fat).9.Hebecamea (wait)inarestaurant.10.Tomisn’tgoodathisstudies.Hisparentsarequite  (worry).第三阶 词汇语篇中变形练用括号内所给单词的适当形式完成短文。[2024福州市中考三模改编]ZhengziOpera,orZhengyinOpera,isanancientandrare(罕见的)kindofoperasungintheofficialtone.AtthebeginningoftheMingDynasty,akindofsouthernopera1.________  (introduce)totheeastofGuangdongandbecamewhatitistoday.Ithasahistoryofnearly900years.ZhongXiaolin,bornin1994,joinedtheZhengziOperaTroupe(剧团)attheageof14.Andshehasnowbecomeoneofthemostimportant2.________(member).ToZhong,ZhengziOperaisaculturalheritage(文化遗产)shewillloveandpassonthroughout3.________(she)life.“EverytimeIsteponthestage,there4.________(be)adifferentfeelinginmyheart.”Hereyesalwaysshonewhenshe5.________(talk)aboutit.ButthereareveryfewyoungpeoplewholoveZhengziOperalikeZhongXiaolin.Similartomanyotherkindsofopera,ZhengziOperaisin6.________(dangerous)ofdisappearing.TheZhengziOperaTroupeinLufeng,wheresheworks,istheonlyprofessionaltroupeofZhengziOperanow.Ithasover60performersandusedtoperformover200showseveryyear.Howcanshepassontheancientand7.________(value)ZhengziOpera?Thereissomethingthatshehasbeenthinkingabout.“Asan8.________(act),myfirstaimistoperformeachplaywell.Secondly,Iwanttoletmorepeople,9.________(especial)youngpeople,understandandenjoyit.”Inrecentyears,Zhonghasbeenworkingon10.________(explore)thecombinationofZhengziOperawithruralrevitalization(乡村振兴),hopingtodeveloplocalcultureandmakeacontributiontotheruralrevitalizationprocess.短文填空三阶训练第一阶单个词汇变形练名词一名词变复数Ⅰ.例词：birds;desks;glasses;boxes;brushes;watches;knives;leaves;giraffes;scarfs;scarves;babies;cities;monkeys;holidays;heroes;tomatoes;pianos;radios;zeros;zeroes;Chinese;Englishmen;Germans;mendoctors;womenteachers;policemen;Englishwomen;appletrees;fruitshops;feet;teeth;children;mice;sheep;deerⅡ.A1．diaries2.gifts3.classes4.matches5.hobbies6．planes7.potatoes8.shoes9.kites10.Americans11.Japanese12.shelvesB1．animals2.baskets3.belts4.dishes5.beaches6．lions7.minutes8.keys9.pandas10.plates11．companies12.wolves13.zoos14.Canadians二名词变形容词Ⅰ.例词：educational;personal;helpful;successful;careless;meaningless;healthy;windy;wealthy;friendly;lovely;dangerous;woolen;wooden;foolish;comfortable;reasonable;Asian;American;European;Japanese;southern;western;important;different;silent;proudⅡ.A1．cloudy2.beautiful3.colorful4.helpless5.sunny6．foggy7.weekly8.peacefulB1．cheerful2.hopeless3.doubtful4.lucky5.noisy6．painful7.valuable8.traditional动词一动词的­ing形式Ⅰ.例词：going;playing;making;coming;running;stopping;tying;dying;lyingⅡ.A1．reminding2.talking3.winning4.reading5.standing6．cooking7.swimming8.sleeping9.learning10．writing11.singing12.cutting13.taking14．climbingB1．putting2.drinking3.counting4.forgetting5.getting6．fishing7.beginning8.hitting9.living10.chatting11.voting12.drawing13.planning14.sitting二动词的第三人称单数形式Ⅰ.例词：works;gets;goes;washes;studies;tries;hasⅡ.A1．wears2.writes3.thinks4.teaches5.wishes6．tects9.prefers10.fliesB1．advises2.becomes3.catches4.dances5.decides6．empties7.enjoys8.finishes9.gives10.grows三动词的过去式Ⅰ.例词：joined;planted;raised;moved;planned;stopped;studied;tried;hit;becameⅡ.A1．accepted2.began3.blew4.carried5.caught6．fought7.happened8.helped9.invented10.feltB1．asked2.believed3.broke4.bought5.dealt6．dropped7.found8.gave9.heard10.made形容词、副词一形容词变副词