福建省2025中考英语重难题型突破Day13航天发展与宇宙探索

Day13航天发展与宇宙探索I.完形填空。[2024·厦门海沧区三模][科学素质·科学探究]Earthhostslife.Saturnhasrings.Marsiscoveredinreddust,andJupiterishuge.Yes,everyplanetinthesolarsystemhassomethingspecialthatmakesitstandoutamongtherest.Don’tyoubelieveus?JustlookatNeptune—it’srainingdiamondsthere!AsthefarthestplanetfromtheSun,Neptunehaslongbeendifficulttostudy.Infact,it’soneoftheonlytwoinoursolarsystemthatcan’tbeseenwithnakedeyes(肉眼).Neptunewasalsotheonlyplanetpredictedtoexist(存在)byscientistsin1821beforeitwaseveractuallyseen.Expertshavelearnedquiteabitaboutthisplanetsinceitsdiscoveryin1846.ScientistMarvinRosspredictedin1981thattheplanethaddiamondrain.HesaidbothNeptuneandUranusmayexperiencethis.In2020,anexperimentwasperformedtoshowitcouldhappen.Tocarryoutthisexperiment,researchersatStanfordUniversitymodeledtheconditionsonNeptuneinsidetheirlab.Theystartedbyputtingpolystyreneundergreatpressureandheat.Then,theysentshockwavesthroughthematerialbyusingalaser(激光).Thethingsthatmakeuppolystyreneseparatefromeachother.Thisresultedincarbonandhydrogenatoms.Underpressure,thecarbonturnedintodiamondsbeforetheireyes.Usingx-rays,researcherswatchedwhathappened.Theybelieveit’spossiblethatdiamondsraindownontheplanet.Justimagine!WhatwoulditbeliketogetcaughtinthemiddleofadiamondshoweronNeptune?Nohumanbeingcanspeaktotheexperienceyet.WouldyouliketoseeadiamondshoweronNeptuneoneday?Anythingispossible.Maybeyou’llinventthenextgreatspacetechnologythatwilltakeusthere!()1.Accordingtothetext,what’sspecialaboutNeptune?A.Ithasrings.B.Itrainsalot.C.It’scoveredinreddust.D.Itmayhavediamondrain.()2.[跨学科·物理]SupposeNstandsforNeptune.Picture    showstherightlocationofNeptune.()3.WhenwasNeptunediscovered?A.In1821.B.In1846.C.In1981.D.In2020.()4.Howdidscientistsgetcarbonandhydrogenatomsoutofpolystyreneintheexperiment?A.Byputtingitundergreatpressure.B.Byheatingitup.C.Bysendingshockwavesthroughit.D.Byusingx-rays.()5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.TheexperimentwascarriedoutonNeptune.B.TheremightbediamondshowersonUranus.C.It’spossibletoseeNeptunewithnakedeyes.D.ExpertshaveknownlittleaboutNeptunesofar.II.短文填空。[2024·湖北中考改编]Sofar,Chinahassucceededinsendingalargenumberofsatellites(卫星)andspaceshipsintospace.Spacescientistshavebeen1.________(great)inspiredbytheoldstoriesandancientfamouspeoplewhengivingthemnames.Sincethousandsofyearsago,Chinesepeoplehavedreamedof2.________(go)tothemoon.Chang’eFliestotheMoonisoneofthemostpopularstories.Asyoucansee,China’searliestman-madesatellitetocirclearoundthemoonwasnamedChang’eI.Moreinterestingly,themoonrover(巡视器)wasnamedaftertheJadeRabbit,whoisthepartnerofChang’einthestory.Theseoldstoriescarrypeople’sbest3.________(wish)anddreams.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourscientists4.________  (make)themcometrue.KuafuRunsAftertheSunisanotherstorythatshowshowmuchancientChinesepeoplewantedtoknowabouttheunknownworld.Now,Kuafuisgoingwiththescientiststo“visit”5.________sun,becausewehaveaspaceprojectcalledKuafuMission.Besidestheancientstories,spacescientistsalsogetideas6.________ancientfamouspeople.Forexample,Mozi,anancientscientist,7.________(discover)thatlighttravelsinastraightlineover2,000yearsago.8.________(he)discoverymadespacestudytakeabigstepatthattime.So,China’sfirstquantum(量子)sciencesatellitewasnamedafterMozi,makingChinathe9.________(one)countryintheworldtoachievequantumcommunicationbetweensatellitesandtheground.Fromsuchsimplethingsasgivingnamestothesatellites,wecansee10.