湖北省部分省级示范高中2024～2025学年高二下学期期中测试英语试题（解析版）

湖北省部分省级示范高中2024~2025学年下学期期中测试高二英语试卷2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在4.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15B.£9.18C.£9.15答案是C1.WhatarethespeakersgoingtodoonThursday?A.Gohiking.B.Playfootball.C.Watchamovie.2.Whatisthemanintendedtodo?A.Designauniform.B.Placeanorder.C.Formateam.免费试卷：凹凸学长3.WhatisSally’sfavoritecity?A.Paris.B.Madrid.C.Venice.4.Wherewillthespeakersdonext?A.Toacafe.B.Toabookstore.C.Toadessertstore.5.WhatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenMr.GomezandJack?A.Employerandemployee.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Workmates.第1页/共24页第2页/共24页选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.Whatisthemandoing?A.Drivingacar.B.Repairingacar.C.Borrowingacar.7.Howdoesthemansoundintheend?A.Confused.B.Confident.C.Hesitant.8.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Ajobapplicant.B.Anewworkmate.C.Travelarrangements.9.HowdoesStevenJohnsonimpresstheman?A.Byhisworkingexperiences.B.Byhiscommunicationskills.C.Byhisinternationalbackground.10.WhenwillthespeakersmeetStevenJohnson?A.Tomorrow.B.Nextweek.C.Theweekafternext.11.WhatwillthemandoonMonday?A.Attendameeting.B.Packhisbelongings.C.Startanewposition.12.Whatisthemanbusydoingnow?A.Movingtohisnewoffice.B.Checkingoffofficesupplies.C.Preparingforapromotioncampaign.13.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodo?A.Reviewanexpensereport.B.Providethemanwithsupplies.C.Arrangeacompanycelebration.14.Wherewilltheeventtakeplace?A.Atapark.B.Atamusichall.C.Atacoffeeshop.15.Whydidthewomanchoosethelocation?A.It’srequestedbythecharity.B.It’sfamilyfriendly.C.It’sprivate.16.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Contactsomebands.B.Contributesomemoney.C.Organizesomeactivities.17.Whatisthepurposeoftheevent?A.Tohearsomelivemusic.B.Tohavesomefamilyfun.C.Tohelpananimalshelter.18.WhydidthespeakerlearnArabic?A.ShewantedtostudyinCairo.B.Shewasinspiredbyherlecturer.C.Shebecameinterestedintheculture.第3页/共24页19.Whatisthebiggestchallengeforthespeaker?A.Sufferingfromcultureshock.B.Findingahotelandaccommodation.C.MasteringwrittenandspokenArabic.20.Whatexcitedthespeakermost?A.Shoppingatalocalmarket.B.Gettingtoknowthelocals.C.Beinginvitedtoalocalmeal.AWelcometoMuirWoods!Thisrareancientforestisakingdomofcoastredwoods,manyover600yearsold.Howtogethere?Peopleusingpersonalvehiclesmusthavereservationsbeforearrivingatthepark.(Detailsatgomuirwoods.)MuirWoodsNationalMonumentisopendaily,8a.m.tosunset.StopbyVisitorCentertogettrailsandprograminformation,andtotakeinexhibits.What’syourpath?EnjoyawalkonthepavedRedwoodCreekTrail(alsocalledMainTrail).Chooseshort,medium,orlongloops(环线).OthertrailsgodeepintoMuirWoodsandMountTamalpaisStatePark.(RefertothemapofMuirWoodsontherightfordetails.)Readytoexploremore?MuirWoodsispartofGoldenGateNationalRecreationArea,whichincludesMarinHeadlands,Alcatraz,thePresidio,andOceanBeach.Downloadtheappat/goga.Staysafeandprotectyourpark.·Wi-Fiandcellservicearenotavailable.·Watchforpoisonousplantsandfallingbranches.·Donotfeedordisturbanimals.Fishingisprohibitedinthepark.·Donotmarkorremovetrees,flowers,orothernaturalfeatures.·Gototheparkwebsiteformoresafetytipsandregulations.AccessibilityWemakeagreatefforttomakefacilities,services,andprogramsaccessibletoall.Forinformation,goto第4页/共24页VisitorCenter,askaranger,call,orcheckourwebsite.MoreInformationMuirWoodsNationalMonument/muwoMillValley,CA94941-26961.MuirWoodswillprobablyattract______.①redwoodlovers②huntinglovers③fishinglovers④hikingloversA.①②B.③④C.①④D.②③2.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.ReservationsshouldbemadeifvisitorsdriveprivatecarstoMuirWoods.B.VisitorsareadvisedtocallVisitorCenterforsafetytipsandregulations.C.VisitorscanreadelectronicmapsusingWi-FiinMuirWoods.D.Muirwoodsissurroundedbyhighlandandoceanbeaches.3.AccordingtothemapofMuirWoods,______.第5页/共24页A.foodandgiftscanbeboughtonvarioussitesinMuirWoodsB.BootjackTrailcanleadonetoVisitorCenterfromBridge3C.MillValleyislocatedonthesouthwestsideofMuirBeachD.Bridge4isthefarthestfromtheparkinglotsofallbridges【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了MuirWoods公园的相关信息，包括到达方式、游览路径、公园探索和注意事项等。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“WelcometoMuirWoods!Thisrareancientforestisakingdomofcoastredwoods,manyover600yearsold.(欢迎来到MuirWoods！这片罕见的古老森林是海岸红杉的王国，许多红杉树已有600多年的历史)”可知，MuirWoods会吸引红杉爱好者；再根据What’syourpath?部分中“EnjoyawalkonthepavedRedwoodCreekTrail(alsocalledMainTrail).Chooseshort,medium,orlongloops.(在铺设好的红杉溪小径(也称为主径)上散步。选择短、中或长的环线)”可知，MuirWoods也会吸引喜欢徒步的人。所以MuirWoods可能会吸引“红杉爱好者和徒步爱好者”。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Howtogethere?部分中的“Peopleusingpersonalvehiclesmusthavereservationsbeforearrivingatthepark.(使用私人车辆的人必须在到达公园之前进行预订)”可知，如果游客开车去MuirWoods，需要预订。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据MuirWoods地图可知，停车场(Parking)在较南端，而桥梁排列从南往北分别是Bridge1，Bridge2，Bridge3，Bridge4，结合地图中的描述“Bridge4:Long1½hour2.milelooptrail(桥4：长1个半小时2英里的环形步道)”可知，在所有桥梁中，4号桥距离停车场最远。故选D项。BThericharomaoffreshlyroastedcoffeefilledtheairinsideaquaintstonecabinintheeasternChinesevillagethathousesFrankSterzer’scafé:BambooCoffeeRoasters.Aftermorethan20yearsasanengineerandexecutivewithleadingautomobilecompaniesinGermanyandChina,FrankhasfoundanewcallingandfulfillmentinthevillageofMaolinearNingboinZhejiangprovince.Inspiredbyhislifelongloveofcoffee,apassionforroastingbeanspromptedFranktoturnwhathadbeenahobbyintoathrivingbusiness.“Zhejiang’scountrysidehasexcellentinfrastructure(基础设施)andbeautifullandscapes,第6页/共24页andIfindittheidealplacetostartmybusiness,”Franksays.Maoliislocatedlessthana30-minutedrivefromtheNingbocitycenter,strikingapleasingbalancebetweenurbanconvenienceandruralpeace.ForFrank,theexperienceofsippingacupofcoffeewhileenjoyingasliceofhandmadecakeandgazingatthecountryside,capturesthetypeofpeacefullifestylehehopestosharewithvisitors.“BambooCoffeeRoastersisaplacetosharethecharmofthismountainvillagewithvisitorsfromallovertheworld,”heexplains.ThecaféisnamedaftertheabundanceofbambooaroundMaoli,whileitslogowasinspiredbyaphotographFranktookofanearbybambooforest.Hehasalsocreatedasmallcoffeefactorybehindtheshopfront,whereexcellentbeansfromaroundtheworldareneatlystackednexttogentlyhummingroastingmachines.Heroasts10metrictonsayear.Allthesehavebecomekeycomponentsofthecafé’ssuccess.SinceopeninginJune2024,BambooCoffeeRoastershasquicklybecomeapopulardestination,attractingvisitorsfromnearandfarincludinginternationaltravelerstakingadvantageofChina’sexpandedvisa-freepolicies.Frank’sownfamilytookadvantageofthispolicy,withhismotherandsiblingsvisitinglastyear.BeforetheSpringFestival,thecaféwaswelcomingguestsfromallover,includingnearbycitieslikeHangzhouandShanghai.“WecametoNingboforlocaldelicaciesandbusiness,purchasinglocalproduce.Productssuchashoneyoranges,bambooshootsandteahavealsofoundwidermarkets,thankstothecafé’spopularity,”onetouristsaid.4.WhatmadeFranksetupthecaféinMaoli?A.China’sexpandedvisa-freepoliciesforinternationaltravelers.B.Thevillage’soutstandingfacilitiesandpicturesquesceneries.C.Frank’snewlyfoundenthusiasmforcoffeeandroastingbeans.D.Thecombinationofurbanconveniencewithruralboomingindustry.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph3mostnearlymean?A.Accuratelyrecords.B.Perfectlyconveys.C.Totallytakescontrolof.D.Firmlyseizes.6.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.OriginsofBambooCoffeeRoasters.B.Thehardshipsofrunningthebusiness.C.TheoperationofFrank’sbusiness.D.Thevastprofitearnedfromthebusiness.7.Whydoestheauthormentionthetourist’sremarkinthelastparagraph?A.TotellusthepopularityofFrank’sbusinessenhancedlocaleconomy.B.ToproveguestsfromalloverpromotedFrank’sbusiness.第7页/共24页C.TosharewithreaderstheintenseinterestoftouristsinexploringNingbo.D.Toadvertiseforthelocalbusinessestopromotethesaleoflocalproduce.【答案】4.B5.B6.C7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了弗兰克·斯特泽在中国浙江省宁波市附近的茅镬村开设了竹子咖啡烘焙坊的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Zhejiang’scountrysidehasexcellentinfrastructureandbeautifullandscapes,andIfindittheidealplacetostartmybusiness.(浙江的乡村有优秀的基础设施和美丽的风景，我发现这是创业的理想之地。)”可知，让弗兰克在茅镬村开设咖啡馆的是这个村庄出色的设施和如画的风景。故选B项。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“ForFrank,theexperienceofsippingacupofcoffeewhileenjoyingasliceofhandmadecakeandgazingatthecountryside,capturesthetypeofpeacefullifestylehehopestosharewithvisitors.(对于Frank来说，一边品尝一杯咖啡，一边享受一块手工蛋糕，一边凝视乡村的体验，完美地capture他希望与游客分享的那种宁静的生活方式)”可知，这种生活体验表达出了他理想的生活方式，“captures”在这里的意思是“完美地传达”，故选B项。【6题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“ThecaféisnamedaftertheabundanceofbambooaroundMaoli,whileitslogowasinspiredbyaphotographFranktookofanearbybambooforest.Hehasalsocreatedasmallcoffeefactorybehindtheshopfront,whereexcellentbeansfromaroundtheworldareneatlystackednexttogentlyhummingroastingmachines.Heroasts10metrictonsayear.Allthesehavebecomekeycomponentsofthecafé’ssuccess.(这家咖啡馆以茅镬村周围丰富的竹子命名，而它的标志灵感来自弗兰克拍摄的一张附近竹林的照片。他还在店面后面创建了一个小型咖啡工厂，来自世界各地的优质咖啡豆整齐地堆放在轻轻嗡嗡作响的烘焙机旁边。他每年烘焙10公吨。所有这些都成为咖啡馆成功的关键组成部分。)”可知，第四段主要介绍了咖啡馆的命名、标志、咖啡工厂、咖啡豆来源以及烘焙量等运营细节，即弗兰克企业的运营。故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“WecametoNingboforlocaldelicaciesandbusiness,purchasinglocalproduce.Productssuchashoneyoranges,bambooshootsandteahavealsofoundwidermarkets,thankstothecafé’spopularity.(我们来到宁波是为了品尝当地美食和做生意，购买当地农产品。由于咖啡馆的受欢迎程度，蜂蜜橙子、竹笋和茶叶等产品也找到了更广阔的市场。)”可知，游客的评论表明他们因为咖啡馆的受欢迎程第8页/共24页度而来到宁波，并购买了当地的农产品，从而促进了当地经济的发展，即作者提到游客的评论是为了说明弗兰克的生意提高了当地的经济。故选A项。CArthasalwaysoccupiedaspecialplaceinsociety.Manypeopleconsiderartiststobetheultimateauthoritiesonthenatureandexpressionofbeauty.Formuchofhistory,thepracticeofartwasmysterious,andartistswereviewedasbeingsomewhatoddandoftenmad.Eventhewordmostcommonlyassociatedwithartists—inspiration—hasitsownmagicalqualities.Literally,“inspiration”isthebreathinginofaspirit.Artistswerethoughtofaspeoplewhowereuniquelyinspiredtocreate.Ofcourse,artistscontributedtothismythology.Manyartistscreditedtheirtalentstothepresenceofsomesupernaturalpower.Wholemovementsofarthavecenteredonthesupposedlyotherworldlynatureofart.Forexample,theRomanticpoetsbelievedthatartwasatermthatmeantanultimateexpressionofbeautyandtruth.Thesearchforthisidealledthemtoexplorebothnaturalandsupernaturalthemesintheirworks.Anotherpersistentviewofartregardeditsseparationfromlogic.Reasonandlogicweretheprovinceofscientistsandphilosopherswhereascreativityandinsightweretheareaoftheartists.Thetwoseparateaspectsofthemindweresupposedtoremaindistinct.Butin1704,amajorbreakthroughoccurred.SirIsaacNewton,mathematicianandphysicist,publishedhisstudyoflight,Opticks.OneofNewton’smajordiscoverieswasonthenatureofcolor.Usingaprism(棱镜),Newtonfoundthatwhitelightisactuallycomposedofallthecolorsoftherainbow.Heevenprovidedascientificexplanationforthepresenceofrainbows.Theartisticcommunitywasshocked.Ascientisthadtakenabeautifulandmagicalexperienceandexplaineditasthesimplerefraction(折射)ofbeamsoflightthroughtheprismofaraindrop.Ascientisthadventuredintotheirsacredterritory.Morethanahundredyearslater,JohnKeats,oneofthemostfamousRomanticpoets,accusedNewtonofreducingbeautyby“unweavingtherainbow”.Hiscolleague,SamuelTaylorColeridge,famouslyremarkedthatthesoulsoffivehundredNewtonswouldbeneededtomakeoneShakespeare.Andyet,fromanotherperspective,Newtondidnotreducethebeautyoftherainbow;heenhancedit.Inhissearchtouncoverthesecretsoftherainbow,Newtondemonstratedthewonder,creativity,andinspirationofanartist.Healsogavetheworldanotheropportunitytoexperiencethesublime(绝妙).Newton’sdiscoverypavedthewayforthedevelopmentofthescienceofspectroscopy,awayofanalyzingthechemicalmakeupoflight.Nowscientistscanlookatthestarsandknowtheircomposition.Thesenseofwonderthisabilitycreatesisnotmuchdifferentfromthewonderthepoetorartistfeelswhenstaringatthosesamestars.第9页/共24页8.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthecommonviewofartistsinhistory?A.Artistswereuniquelyinspiredcreature.B.Artistswereconsideredlogicalandrational.C.Artistswereseenasinspiredandsomewhatstrange.D.Artistswerethoughttobewithoutanysupernaturalbeliefs.9.HowdidtheRomanticpoetsreacttoNewton’sdiscoveryaboutlightandcolor?A.TheycreditedNewton’sinsightstomysticalinfluences.B.Theyfeltitfadedthepoeticbeautyofnaturalphenomena.C.Theywereinspiredtointegratemorescientificthemesintheirpoetry.D.Theybelievedanewdimensiontotheappreciationofbeautymightarise.10.WhydoestheauthormentionJohnKeats’andSamuelTaylorColeridge’sviewsonIsaacNewton?A.Tohighlighttheimpactofscientificdiscoveriesonartisticperception.B.TostatethatShakespeare’sknowledgeofbeautywasunmatched.C.Toemphasizethesuperiorcreativityofpoetsoverscientists.D.ToshowthatRomanticpoetsobjectedtoscientificprogress.11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Itemphasizestheartisticunderstandingofscience.B.Itdiscussesthecontrastbetweenartandlogics.C.IthighlightsIsaacNewton’sinfluenceonarts.D.ItshowstheInterplayofArtandScience.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章探讨了艺术与科学之间的关系，特别是科学发现如何影响艺术界对美的理解。文章通过历史背景和具体例子，展示了艺术与科学之间的互动。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Formuchofhistory,thepracticeofartwasmysterious,andartistswereviewedasbeingsomewhatoddandoftenmad.Eventhewordmostcommonlyassociatedwithartists—inspiration—hasitsownmagicalqualities.Literally,“inspiration”isthebreathinginofaspirit.Artistswerethoughtofaspeoplewhowereuniquelyinspiredtocreate.(在历史上大部分时间里，艺术实践是神秘的，艺术家被视为有些古怪甚至经常疯狂的人。甚至与艺术家最常联系在一起的词——灵感——也有其自身的神奇品质。从字面上讲，第10页/共24页“灵感”是吸入一种精神。艺术家被认为是被独特地赋予灵感去创造的人。)”可知，历史上人们普遍认为艺术家是受到灵感启发且有些奇怪的人，故选C项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Morethanahundredyearslater,JohnKeats,oneofthemostfamousRomanticpoets,accusedNewtonofreducingbeautyby“unweavingtherainbow”.(一百多年后，最著名的浪漫主义诗人之一约翰·济慈指责牛顿通过“拆解彩虹”减少了美。)”可知，浪漫主义诗人认为牛顿的发现削弱了自然现象的诗意美，故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Morethanahundredyearslater,JohnKeats,oneofthemostfamousRomanticpoets,accusedNewtonofreducingbeautyby“unweavingtherainbow”.Hiscolleague,SamuelTaylorColeridge,famouslyremarkedthatthesoulsoffivehundredNewtonswouldbeneededtomakeoneShakespeare.(一百多年后，约翰·济慈指责牛顿通过“拆解彩虹”减少了美。他的同事塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治曾著名地评论说，需要五百个牛顿的灵魂才能造就一个莎士比亚。)”可知，作者提到济慈和柯勒律治的观点是为了强调科学发现对艺术感知的影响，故选A项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Newton’sdiscoverypavedthewayforthedevelopmentofthescienceofspectroscopy,awayofanalyzingthechemicalmakeupoflight.Nowscientistscanlookatthestarsandknowtheircomposition.Thesenseofwonderthisabilitycreatesisnotmuchdifferentfromthewonderthepoetorartistfeelswhenstaringatthosesamestars.(牛顿的发现为光谱学的发展铺平了道路，这是一种分析光的化学成分的方法。现在科学家们可以观察星星并了解它们的成分。这种能力所创造的惊奇感与诗人或艺术家凝视那些星星时所感受到的惊奇并无太大不同。)”可知，文章通过历史背景和具体例子，探讨了艺术与科学之间的互动，特别是科学发现如何影响艺术界对美的理解。所以文章的主要是展示艺术与科学之间的相互作用，故选DDSuperhumanartificialintelligencehasplayedaroleinourlife.Whenitcomestoplayinggameslikechess,orsolvingdifficultscientificchallengeslikepredictingproteinstructures,computersarewellaheadofhumans.Butwehaveonesuperpowertheyaren’tclosetomastering:mindreading.Weareblessedwithamysteriousabilitytoreasonthegoals,desiresandbeliefsofothers,acrucialskillthatmeanswecananticipateotherpeople’sactionsandtheconsequencesofourown.IfAIsaretobecometrulyusefulineverydaylife—tocooperateeffectivelywithusortounderstandthatachildmightrunintotheroadaftera第11页/共24页bouncingball—wehavetogivethemthisgiftthatevolutionhasgivenustoreadotherpeople’sminds.Inpsychology,theabilitytoinferanother’smentalstateisreferredtoastheoryofmind.Inhumans,thiscapacitydevelopsataveryyoungage.Howtoreproducethecapabilityinmachinesisfarfromclear,though.Oneofthemainchallengesiscontext.Forinstance,ifsomeoneaskswhetheryouaregoingforarunandyoureply“it’sraining”,theycanquicklyconcludetheanswerisno.Butthisrequireshugeamountsofbackgroundknowledgeaboutrunning,weatherandhumanpreferences.Besides,whetherhumansorAI,thetheoryofmindissupposedtoemergenaturallyfromone’sownlearningprocess.BuildingpriorknowledgeintoAImakesitreliantonourimperfectunderstandingoftheoryofmind.Inaddition,AImaybecapableofdevelopingapproacheswecouldneverimagine.Therecanbemanyformsoftheoryofmindthatwedon’tknowaboutsimplybecauseweliveinahumanbodythathascertaintypesofsensesandacertainabilitytothink.ButwemightstillwantAItohaveamorehuman-likeformoftheoryofmind.Humanscanclearlyexplaintheirgoalstoeachotherusingcommonlanguageandideas.WhilelettingAIformthetheoryofmindintheirlearningprocessislikelytoleadtodevelopingmorepowerfulAI,plainlybuildinginsharedwaystorepresentknowledgemaybecrucialforhumanstotrustandcommunicatewithAI.Itisimportanttoremember,though,thatthepursuitofmachineswiththeoryofmindisaboutmorethanjustbuildingmoreusefulrobots.ItisalsoasteppingstoneonthepathtowardsadeepergoalforAIandroboticsresearch:buildingtrulyself-awaremachines.Whetherwewillevergetthereremainstobeseen.Butalongthewaythinkingaboutotherpeopleandotheragents,weareonthepathtolearningtothinkaboutourselves.12.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcontextscanAIunderstandwell?A.Whenamomasksherkidtodrinkaglassofmilk,thekiddrinksitup.B.Whenkidsseetheirmomafterhurtingthemselves,theycryevenlouder.C.Whenateacherasksforaboy’shomework,heanswers“mycatateit”.D.Whenyouaretreatedwithaspicyhotpotfordinner,youreply“asorethroat”.13.Whichstatementwilltheauthoragreewithmostabouttheoryofmind?A.Humans’theoryofmindisfarfromperfect.B.HumanslimitAI’stheoryofmindtoanextent.C.AI’stheoryofminddevelopmenthasbeenfullyuncovered.D.SharedformsoftheoryofmindleadtomorepowerfulAI.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtrulyself-awaremachines?第12页/共24页A.Ambiguous.B.Subjective.C.Approving.D.Skeptical.15.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AIwithItsOwnTheoryofMindIsAnticipated.B.AI’sTheoryofMindWillDefineOurFuture.C.AI’sTheoryofMind—aBlessingorSufferingtoHumans.D.TheoryofMindBridgestheGapBetweenHumansandAI.【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要探讨了人工智能（AI）在理论心智（theoryofmind）方面的发展现状、挑战及未来展望。理论心智是指理解他人心理状态的能力，对人类合作与沟通至关重要。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Oneofthemainchallengesiscontext.Forinstance,ifsomeoneaskswhetheryouaregoingforarunandyoureply“it’sraining”,theycanquicklyconcludetheanswerisno.Butthisrequireshugeamountsofbackgroundknowledgeaboutrunning,weatherandhumanpreferences.(主要的挑战之一是上下文。例如，如果有人问你是否要去跑步，而你回答“下雨了”，他们可以很快得出结论，答案是否定的。但这需要大量的关于跑步、天气和人类偏好的背景知识。)”可知，AI在理解需要大量背景知识或复杂上下文的情境时存在困难。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Besides,whetherhumansorAI,thetheoryofmindissupposedtoemergenaturallyfromone’sownlearningprocess.BuildingpriorknowledgeintoAImakesitreliantonourimperfectunderstandingoftheoryofmin.(此外，无论是人类还是AI，理论心智都应该从自己的学习过程中自然产生。将先验知识构建到AI中，会使它依赖于我们对理论心智的不完善理解。)”可知，人类对理论心智的不完善理解可能会限制AI理论心智的发展，即人类在一定程度上限制了AI的理论心智。故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whetherwewillevergetthereremainstobeseen.Butalongthewaythinkingaboutotherpeopleandotheragents,weareonthepathtolearningtothinkaboutourselves.(我们是否能够实现这一目标还有待观察。但在这一过程中，我们思考着他人和其他主体，我们正走在学会思考自己的道路上。)”可知，作者对真正具有自我意识的机器的态度是赞成的。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Butwehaveonesuperpowertheyaren’tclosetomastering:mindreading.(但我们有第13页/共24页一种他们还远远没有掌握的超能力：读心术。)”和第二段“IfAIsaretobecometrulyusefulineverydaylife—tocooperateeffectivelywithusortounderstandthatachildmightrunintotheroadafterabouncingball—wehavetogivethemthisgiftthatevolutionhasgivenustoreadotherpeople’sminds.(如果人工智能要在日常生活中真正发挥作用——与我们有效合作，或者理解一个孩子可能会在弹跳的球后面跑到马路上——我们必须赋予它们这种进化赋予我们的读心术能力。)”可知，文章主要讨论了AI在理论心智方面的发展现状、挑战及未来展望，即期待AI能拥有自己的理论心智。由此可知，最佳标题是A项“AIwithItsOwnTheoryofMindIsAnticipated”(期待具有自身心理理论的AI)。故选A项。BenefitsofSportsDoingsportsisaphysical,mentalandsocialadventure.It’sagreatwayforchildrentotakeabreakfromstudiesandreleaseextraenergy.Italsohelpsthemleadfullerandhappierlivesasregularsportshaveprovenbeneficialtooverallwell-being.Thephysicalbenefitsofdoingsportsareprobablythemostobvious.Regardlessofyourfitnesslevelwhenyoustartplayingsports,you’llnoticeanincreaseinyouroverallfitnessonceyou’reinvolved.___16___Basketballplayersfocusonstrengthtraining;footballplayersworkonspeedwhiletrackathletestrainthroughlongerruns.Thetrainingprocesshelpspromotephysicalfitnessandperformancesincompetitions.___17___Playingsportsalsocontributestomentalhealth,helpingtoincreaseconfidenceandself-worth.Apatontheback,ahighfivefromateammate,orahandshakeafteramatchreallyboostsachild’sconfidence.Wordsofpraiseandencouragementfromthecoach,parentsandotherplayersraiseself-worth.___18___Soafteragame,it’sabetterideatoask“Didyouenjoythegame?”ratherthan“Didyouwin?”Childrenwhoparticipateinsportsmightalsobenefitfromthesocialaspect,feelingpartofagroup,buildingupresponsibilityandleadership.___19___Teamworkinvolvesbothbeingdependableasateammateandlearningtorelyonyourteammatestoachieveapositiveoutcome.Teamworkbreedsresponsibilityandchallengesyoutoberesponsibleforyouractions.Beingpartofateamgivesyouanopportunitytobealeader.Disciplineisanothersocialadvantage.___20___Asastudent-athlete,youneedtobalancestudiesandathletics.Onlywithstrictdisciplinecanyoubesuccessfulbothintheclassroomandinthesportsfield.Thereisnoshortageofreasonstofindasporttogetinvolvedin.Areyoureadytogo?Pickoneandgetmoving!A.It’snotjustyourbodythatbenefitsfromsports.第14页/共24页B.Therefore,playingsportsisgoingtomakeyoumorefit.C.Mostorganizedsportsrequireastricttrainingandpracticeschedules.D.Nearlyeverysportrequiresphysicalactivitiesandthecompetitiveskill.E.Butremember,achild’sself-worthshouldnotbedistinguishedbyvictoryorloss.F.Ifyouplaygroupsports,you’llbepartofateamthattakesdirectionfromacoach.G.Amongthese,learninghowtofunctionaspartofateamisthemostimportantadvantage.【答案】16.D17.A18.E19.G20.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了体育运动的几点益处。【16题详解】根据上文“Thephysicalbenefitsofdoingsportsareprobablythemostobvious.Regardlessofyourfitnesslevelwhenyoustartplayingsports,you’llnoticeanincreaseinyouroverallfitnessonceyou’reinvolved.(运动对身体的好处可能是最明显的。当你开始运动时，不管你的健康水平如何，一旦你参与其中，你会发现你的整体健康水平有所提高)”可知，此处讲运动对身体的好处，再结合下文“Basketballplayersfocusonstrengthtraining;footballplayersworkonspeedwhiletrackathletestrainthroughlongerruns.(篮球运动员注重力量训练；足球运动员训练速度，而田径运动员训练长距离跑)”具体举例不同运动项目的训练方式，说明几乎每个运动都需要身体活动和竞技技能，D选项“Nearlyeverysportrequiresphysicalactivitiesandthecompetitiveskill.(几乎每项运动都需要体力活动和竞技技巧)”符合语境，起到承上启下的作用。故选D项。【17题详解】根据下文“Playingsportsalsocontributestomentalhealth,helpingtoincreaseconfidenceandself-worth.(运动也有助于心理健康，有助于增强自信和自我价值)”可知，运动不仅对身体有益，还对心理健康有帮助，A选项“It’snotjustyourbodythatbenefitsfromsports.(受益于运动的不仅仅是你的身体)”能够引出下文关于运动对心理健康益处的阐述。故选A项。【18题详解】根据上文“Wordsofpraiseandencouragementfromthecoach,parentsandotherplayersraiseself-worth.(来自教练、父母和其他球员的赞美和鼓励可以提升自我价值)”以及下文“Soafteragame,it’sabetterideatoask“Didyouenjoythegame?”ratherthan“Didyouwin?”(所以在比赛结束后，最好问“你喜欢比赛吗？”而不是“你赢了吗？”)”可知，此处强调孩子的自我价值不应该由比赛的胜负来决定，E选项“Butremember,achild’sself-worthshouldnotbedistinguishedbyvictoryorloss.(但是请记住，孩子的自我价值不应该以胜利或失败来区分)”符合语境，起到上下文的承上启下作用。故选E项。第15页/共24页【19题详解】根据上文“Childrenwhoparticipateinsportsmightalsobenefitfromthesocialaspect,feelingpartofagroup,buildingupresponsibilityandleadership.(参加体育运动的孩子也可能从社会方面受益，感觉是团体的一部分，建立责任和领导能力)”可知，参加运动的孩子在社交方面有诸多益处，再结合下文“Teamworkinvolvesbothbeingdependableasateammateandlearningtorelyonyourteammatestoachieveapositiveoutcome.(团队合作既包括作为一个可靠的队友，也包括学会依靠你的队友来实现一个积极的结果)”重点阐述团队合作的重要性，G选项“Amongthese,learninghowtofunctionaspartofateamisthemostimportantadvantage.(在这些当中，学会作为团队的一员发挥作用是最重要的优势)”能够衔接上下文，强调团队合作在社交益处中的重要性。故选G项。【20题详解】根据上文“Disciplineisanothersocialadvantage.(自律是另一个社会优势)”可知，此处讲纪律是运动的社交优势之一，再结合下文“Asastudent-athlete,youneedtobalancestudiesandathletics.Onlywithstrictdisciplinecanyoubesuccessfulbothintheclassroomandint