Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorldDiscoveringUsefulStructures课件-高中英语人教版()-

Unit5DiscoveringUsefulStructuresRelativeclauses（2）什么是定语从句？在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句(句意:……的）作用相当于形容词朕

喜欢

长得像纯元的

女孩Ilikethegirlswho/thatlooklikeChunyuan.

定语从句关系词的三个作用:1.连接作用：连接主句和定语从句。2.替代作用(替代先行词)3.成分作用：在定语从句中担当成分先行词关系词Ilikethegirls(who/that

looklikeChunYuan.)

定语从句

关系词又分为两派：左边这路是关系代词，主要有这六个家伙关系代词关系代词在句中作宾语，可以省略

主语宾语定语指物

指人

先行词在从句中充当成分which/that(which/that)whosewho/that(whom/that)whose先行词在从句中充当成分whosewhose右边这路是关系副词，有这三个家伙关系副词的用法1.ThisisthehousewhereIlived20yearsago.2.Istillrememberthe

day

whenIfirstmethim.3.Canyoutellmethereason

whyyouliedtome?1.观察先行词有什么特点？2.先行词在从句中作什么成分？地点地点状语inthehouse时间时间状语ontheday原因原因状语forthisreasonObservationwhere的用法②Where引导定语从句时，先行词为表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，可用“介词+which”来替换。Theschoolwheremysonstudiesisnearapark.Theschoolisnearapark.Mysonstudiesinthisschool.分解where作地点状语先行词为地点类名词，一定用关系副词where吗？Theschoolinwhichmysonstudiesisnearapark.★不能看到地点就用where,要看____________________。Thisisthehouse_______hewasborn.Thisisthehouse_____________wassetupbyhisparents.wherethat/which作地点状语作主语其在从句中作什么成分当先行词是抽象地点名词condition,situation,instance,case(情况),stage,point(阶段/状态),position(处境,状况)时，用关系副词whereWehavereachedastage______wehavenorights(权利)atall.Wewereputintoaposition_____wehavetofightthegovernment.wherewhere先行词是表示地点的名词时，用表示地点的关系副词where(在那里)，在定语从句中作地点状语when的用法①When引导定语从句时，先行词为表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语，可用“介词+which”来替换。I’llneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)Ijoinedtheteam.I’llneverforgettheday.Ijoinedtheteamonthatday.when作时间状语先行词为时间类名词，一定用关系副词when吗？★不能看到时间就用when，要看_____________________。I’llneverforgettheday______Ilivedinthemountains.I’llneverforgettheday_______________Ispentinthemountains.whenthat/which作时间状语作spent的宾语其在从句中作什么成分why的用法③Why引导定语从句时，先行词通常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，可用“for+which”来替换。Doyouknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)heissoupset?Doyouknowthereason？Heissoupsetforthereason.why作原因状语先行词为thereason，一定用关系副词why吗？★不能看到reason就用why，要看________________________。Thisisthereason

_____hewaslate.Thisisthereason____________hetoldusforhisbeinglate.

whythat/which作原因状语作told的直接宾语其在从句中作什么成分Thisisthecollege________________Ivisitedthreeyearsago.Thisisthecollege________________Istudiedthreeyearsago.I’llneverforgettheday________________wespenttogether.I’llneverforgettheday___________westudiedtogether.Thisisthereason__________hegave.Thisisthereason___________hewasabsent.that/which

where

that/whichwhenthat/which

why*关系词的选择：1.根据关系词在定语从句中充当的成分，判断使用关系代词还是关系副词：句子结构完整，用关系副词；定语从句结构不完整，用关系代词2.根据先行词，确定关系词关系副词whenwherewhy先行词表示时间的词表示地点的词表示原因的词reason关系副词在定语从句中充当的成分时间状语地点状语原因状语译为在那时在那里为什么即学即练1．Itwasatime________theyhaddiscussionveryfrequently.2．Theproblemhascometoapoint________everyonehasdifferentopinions.3．Oneofthereasons______hewasrefusedintheinterviewwasthathisspokenEnglishwasterrible.4.（2023全国甲卷）TherewasonceatowninthecenterofAmerica___________alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco-existencewithitssurroundings（与周围事物和谐共生）.5.（2023全国乙卷）Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace_______________welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife.wherewhenwherewhythat/which根据汉义用定语从句补全句子1.Therearemanyreasons________________________________.(人们学习一

门外语）2.Thenweclimbedthebeautifulmountain__________________________________（在那里我们度过了一个平静的下午）。3.Thedays___________________________________(中国人被人看不起)aregone.whypeoplelearnaforeignlanguagewherewespentapeacefulafternoonwhenChinesewerelookeddownupon关系副词whenwherewhy先行词表示时间的词表示地点的词表示原因的词reason关系副词在定语从句中充当的成分时间状语地点状语原因状语可替换成inwhich,onwhich,atwhich,duringwhich...inwhich,onwhich,atwhich,towhichforwhich1.关系代词的确定Doyouknowthegirlwith________ourteacheristalking?Thisistheroomin___________mygrandmotherusedtolive.Mr.Li,without________helpIcouldn’thavemadesomuchprogress,ispopularwiththestudents.whomwhich介词+关系代词介词＋whom(人)/which(物)/whose(表谁的，作定语)Whatcanyoufind?whose2.介词的确定

根据________的搭配关系：1)Istillremembertheday______________Imetmyfriends.2)Iwillneverforgetthefarm_____________Iworkedwithyou.3)Themoney______________youboughtfoodisgone.

onwhichonwhichwithwhich(ontheday在那天)(onthefarm在农场)(withthemoney用钱)介词+关系代词先行词2.介词的确定

根据_________________的搭配习惯Doyoulikethebook______________shespent$10?2)Doyoulikethebook______________shepaid$10?3)TheWestLake,______________Hangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.onwhichforwhichforwhich介词+关系代词谓语动词或形容词2.介词的确定根据_______来确定1)Air,_______whichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.空气非常重要，没有了它人类便不能生存。2)Thisistheman_______whommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那个人。withoutwith介词+关系代词句意2.介词的确定表示“所有”或“整体的一部分”时通常用介词______。1)Hehastwosons,both____________graduatedfromPekingUniversity.他有两个儿子，他们都毕业于北京大学。2)Tomwrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalf__________wereaboutcampusculture.汤姆写了很多儿童书籍，其中将近一半是关于校园文化的。ofwhomofwhich介词+关系代词of用介词＋关系代词填空。1.Whoistheperson_______

_______youjustshookhands?2.Chinaisapowerfulcountry,_______

_______weareproud.3.Thisisthetree_______

_______weusedtoplaygames.4.Thisismyglasses,_______

_______Ican’tseeclearly.5.MyclassmatesandIactivelyparticipatedincommunityservice,______________Ilearnedalot.即学即练withwhomwithoutwhichunderwhichofwhichfromwhich关系词的选择1.分析句子成分2.翻译定语从句1.Thevolunteer_______organizescommunitycharityactivitieseveryweekendismyneighbor.2．Shehastriedeverything_______couldhelpheryoungerbrothergetridofthebadhabit.3.MrBlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,_______isthebestseasonthere.4.Iwillneverforgetthedays_______Ispentwithyourfamily.5.Thisistheboy_______fatherdiedthreeyearsago.6.Whoisthestudent_____waslateforschooltoday?7.Thisisthecollege_______Ivisitedthreeyearsago.8.AnnewasaJewishgirl______diaryhasbeenreadallovertheworld.9.There

is

no

simpleanswer,______is

often

the

case

in

science.10.Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass________homesareinthecountryside.1．Itwasatime________theyhaddiscussionveryfrequently.2．Theproblemhascometoapoint________everyonehasdifferentopinions.3．Oneofthereasons______hewasrefusedintheinterviewwasthathisspokenEnglishwasterrible.4.TherewasonceatowninthecenterofAmerica___________alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco-existencewithitssurroundings（与周围事物和谐共生）.5.Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace_________welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife.6.Therearemanyreasons_______peoplelearnaforeignlanguage.7.Thenweclimbedthebeautifulmountain_______wespentapeacefulafternoon.8.Thedays________peoplespendinreadingarebecominglessandless.用适当的关系词填空1.Herson,to_____shenwasdevoted,wentabroadtenyearsago.2.They

will

fly

to

Beijing,_______they

plan

to

stay

for

two

days.3.Anne

was

a

Jewish

girl________diary

has

been

read

widely

all

over

the

world.4.Yesterday

I

helped

an

old

man__________lost

his

way.5.He

helped

me

a

lot

with

my

English,

for_____I

was

very

grateful.6.They

planted

the

trees___________didn'

t

need

much

water.7.I’llneverforgetthedays_____weworkedtogether.8.Thisisthereason_____hewaslate.9.Iwenttotheplace_______Iworkedtenyearsago.whomwherewhosewho/thatwhichwhich/thatwhenwhywhere用适当的关系词填空1.Canyoutellmethenameofthestadium______youvisitedbefore?2.Aftergraduation,hewenttomakealivinginCanada,_____turnedouttobeawi