高一暑期习作-应用文写作（学生版）

应用文写作【Today'swords】靠近：approach打/袭击：strike尖叫:scream,吼叫：yell惊叫：exclaim,亲切地拍：patsbaffectionately想做某事：fancydoingsth【Today'sphrase:】bringdown①降价（温）②击落③使倒下④bringdowntheroom博得喝彩【口诀】小李飞刀岂是自降身价之辈，只见飞刀一出，一只大雁被击落，一块石碑被推倒，博得众人一片喝彩。【Today'ssentence】Mybreathcaughtinmythroat.惊呆了【Today'stricks】1、完型中的先后性、大小性、包容性、延续性与瞬时性、主观性与客观性、方向性、中英文化的差异性、精准性、破立性、互斥性、意愿性与结果性【查漏补缺】考点1:宾语从句知识点：一宾语从句的引导词(1)当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时，用that来引导从句，其中的that无具体意义，一般可以省略。Hetellsme(that)heisgoingshoppingthisSunday.他告诉我本周日他要去购物。Shesaid(that)thebankwasnearthehotel.她说银行就在宾馆附近。(2)当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时，可用if或whether来引导从句，意为“是否”。Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldjoinus.她问我她是否可以加入我们。Hewonderedif/whethertheworkershadfinishedthework.他想知道工人们是否已经完成了工作。(3)当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变化而来时，特殊疑问词就是宾语从句的引导词，如who、whose、what、which、when、where、why、how等。Doyouknowwhobrokethedoor?你知道谁弄坏了门吗？Sheaskedmewhosepenthatwas.她问我那是谁的钢笔。Sheaskedthemwhattheyweredoing.她问他们正在做什么。Tellmewhichoneyouwant.告诉我你想要哪一个。HeaskedmewhenIwouldsetout.他问我什么时候出发。二宾语从句的陈述语序(1)在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句都要使用陈述语序，即“引导词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。Whendidthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.→Iwanttoknowwhenthetrainleft.Whattimedidshegetup?Theyoungmanasked.→Theyoungmanaskedwhattimeshegotup.(2)如果是由do、does或did构成的疑问句，在转换为宾语从句时，要去掉do、does或did，且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态做出相应的变化。Dotheyoftenplaybasketball？Heasked.→Heaskedif/whethertheyoftenplayedbasketball.Doestheshopcloseatsixeveryday?Doyouknow?→Doyouknowif/whethertheshopclosesatsixeveryday?(3)如果是由will、be、have或can构成的疑问句，在变为宾语从句时，需把will、be、have或can返回到句中原来的谓语位置上，并根据主句时态做相应的变化。Willyoubefreetomorrow？Sheaskedme.→Sheaskedmeif/whetherIwouldbefreethenextday.Hassheseenthemovieyet?Iwanttoknow.→Iwanttoknowif/whethershehasseenthemovieyet.三宾语从句的时态(1)如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，宾语从句的时态不受限制，可以根据实际表达的需要来确定。Couldyoutellmewhathesaidatthemeeting?你能告诉我他在会上说了什么吗？Hetellsusthathehasbeenabletolookafterhimself.他告诉我们他已经能够照顾自己了。Tellhimwhenwewillstart.告诉他我们将什么时候动身。(2)如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句应与主句保持一致，即使用过去时的某种形式。HesaidthathewasborninWuhanin1999.他说他于1999年出生在武汉。Theysaidthattheyhadalreadyfinishedthework.他们说他们已经完成了工作。(3)如果宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、格言、科学真理等时，从句时态不受主句限制，用一般现在时。Everyoneknowstherearesixtyminutesinanhour.大家都知道一小时是六十分钟。Shesaidthattwoheadsarebetterthanone.她说“三个臭皮匠抵过一个诸葛亮”。Hesaidthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.他说光比声音传播得快。四宾语从句中的否定前移在宾语从句中，如果主句主语为I/we时，当主句的谓语动词为think、believe、expect、imagine或suppose等时，从句中表示否定意义的not应移到这些词的前面。Idon'tthinkheisright.我认为他不对。Idon'tsupposehewillcome.我猜测他不会来。考点2:状语从句知识点：状语从句引

导

词时间状语从句when、while、as、before、after、until/till、as

soon

as、since条件状语从句if、unless原因状语从句because、as、since结果状语从句so...that...、such...that...目的状语从句so

that、in

order

that让步状语从句though、although、even

if、even

though、no

matter...比较状语从句than、as...as...地点状语从句where、wherever状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等。状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。放在主句之前时，常用逗号与主句分开；放在主句之后时，不用逗号。详见连词专题——从属连词【练习】1.—Dad,canyoutellme?Imissherverymuch. —Nextmonth,dear.A.whenmymumwillcomeback B.whatmymumisdoingC.howmumgoestowork D.wheremymumwillgo2.—Couldyoupleasetellme_________________?—Theycanbereusedmanytimes.Inthisway,wecanhelpmaketheearthgreener.A.howoftentheywalktoschoolB.whywe’dbetterusechinacupsandclothbagsC.ifyouturnoffthelightswhenyoudonotneedthemD.whywedividethewasteintoplastic,glass,paperandrubber3.—Iwonderwhatyouusuallydointhecourseoflifemanagement.—Welearnhowtoplanourlifeinthefutureandtomakeit.A.whoweshouldaskforhelp B.whatweshoulddoC.whetherweshouldstudyhard D.whereweshouldgo4.—Couldyoutellme__________?—Theyellowone.A.whatcolorthesweaterisB.whichsweateryouwanttobuyC.whyyouwanttobuythesweater D.howmanysweatersyouwanttobuy5.---Excuseme!Couldyoutellme__________?---Sorry,Ihavenoidea.thatwewillhavetoputoffthemeetingifwewouldputoffthemeetingwherewewillputoffthemeetingwhetherwewillputoffthemeeting6.—Theschoolleavers'partyiscoming,butIdon'tknow__________.—Don'tworry.Youcanthinkaboutgamesandbringsomeballoons.A.whatgamesareinteresting B.whatIcanbringtothepartyC.howmanyballoonsIshouldtake D.whatIshouldpreparefortheparty7.—I’dliketovisitKatetomorrow.Doyouknow________?—Sorry,Idon’tknowheraddress,either.A.whyshelivesthereB.whosheliveswithC.whereshelivesD.howshelives8.—It’struethatbeinghappyisanability.Socouldyoutellme________?—Yes.JustasPresidentXisays,“Happinessisachievedthroughhardwork.”A.howwecanfindhappinessB.whocanhelpachievehappinessC.whenwecanlookforhappinessD.whyhappinessissoimportanttous9.—Couldyoupleasetellme___________duringyoursummervacation?—Sure.Igotupatsixasusual.A.whattimeyouusuallygetupB.whattimedoyouusuallygetupC.whattimedidyougetupD.whattimeyougotup10.—Doyouknow______________?—AllthestudentsinGradeNine.A.whowilljoinintheschool-leavers’partyB.whatwewilldoattheschool-leavers’partyC.whentheschool-leavers’partywillbeheldD.wheretheschool-leavers'partywillbeheld11.—Iwonder________.—Theybringpeoplegreathappiness.A.whypeoplekeeppetanimalsB.wherepeoplekeeppetanimalsC.whatpeoplefeedpetanimalsD.howpeoplefeedpetanimals12.—Dad,canyoutellme_______?Imissherverymuch.—Nextmonth,dear.A.whenmymumwillcomebackB.whatmymumisdoingC.howmumgoestoworkD.wheremymumwillgo13.—Doyouknow._____?—Yes,itwillbeheldinChina.A.whichcitywillholdthe2022WinterOlympicsB.wherewillthe2022WinterOlympicsbeheldC.wherethe2022WinterOlympicswillbeheldD.howthe2022WinterOlympicswillbeheld14.—Wouldyoupleasetellme______?—Heissuretoappearifheisinvited.A.whenwillTonycometothepartyB.whenTonywillcometothepartyC.whetherwillTonycometothepartyD.whetherTonywillcometotheparty15.—Look,thelightinJim'sroomis