2020 年考研英语一真题及答案

2020年考研英语一真题及答案英语知识运用真题Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Eveniffamiliesdon'tsitdowntoeattogetherasfrequentlyasbefore,millionsofBritonswillnonethelesshavegotasharethisweekendofoneofthatnation'sgreattraditions:theSundayroast.1acoldwinter'sday,fewculinarypleasurescan2it.Yetaswereportnow,thefoodpolicearedeterminedthatthis3shouldberenderedyetanotherguiltypleasure4todamageourhealth.TheFoodStandardsAuthority(FSA)has5apublicwarningabouttherisksofacompoundcalledacrylamidethatformsinsomefoodscooked6hightemperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshould7crispingtheirroastpotatoes,rejectthin-crustpizzasandonly8toasttheirbread.Butwhereistheevidencetosupportsuchalarmistadvice?9studieshaveshownthatacrylamidecancauseneurologicaldamageinmice,thereisno10evidencethatitcausescancerinhumans.Scientistssaythecompoundis11tocausecancerbuthavenohardscientificproof.12theprecautionaryprinciple,itcouldbearguedthatitis13tofollowtheFSAadvice.14,itwasrumoredthatsmokingcausedcancerforyearsbeforetheevidencewasfoundtoprovea15.Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe16uponSundayalongsidesomesteamedvegetables,withouttheYorkshirepuddingandnowine.Butwouldlifebeworthliving?17,theFSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods18,buttoreducetheirlifetimeintake.However,their19riskscomingacrossasexhortationandnannying.Constanthealthscaresjust20withnoonelistening.[A]In[B]Towards[C]On[D]Till[A]match[B]express[C]satisfy[D]influence[A]patience[B]enjoyment[C]surprise[D]concern[A]intensified[B]privileged[C]compelled[D]guaranteed[A]issued[B]received[C]ignored[D]canceled[A]under[B]at[C]for[D]by[A]forget[B]regret[C]finish[D]avoid[A]partially[B]regularly[C]easily[D]initially[A]Unless[B]Since[C]If[D]While[A]secondary[B]external[C]conclusive[D]negative[A]insufficient[B]bound[C]likely[D]slow[A]Onthebasisof[B]Atthecostof[C]Inadditionto[D]Incontrastto[A]interesting[B]advisable[C]urgent[D]fortunate[A]Asusual[B]Inparticular[C]Bydefinition[D]Afterall[A]resemblance[B]combination[C]connection[D]pattern[A]made[B]served[C]saved[D]used[A]Tobefair[B]Forinstance[C]Tobebrief[D]Ingeneral[A]reluctantly[B]entirely[C]gradually[D]carefully[A]promise[B]experience[C]campaign[D]competition[A]followup[B]pickup[C]openup[D]endup答案及解析答案：C解析：“Onacoldwinter'sday”为固定搭配，表示“在一个寒冷的冬日”，具体某一天前用介词on，in后接一段时间，towards表方向不与时间搭配，till意为“直到”，与句意不符，所以选C。答案：A解析：文章首段首句提到星期日烤肉是英国伟大传统活动之一，此句意思是在寒冷冬日，很少有烹饪乐趣能与之匹配。match有“匹配、比得上”之意；express为“表达”；satisfy是“满足、符合”；influence表示“影响”，A选项符合语境。答案：B解析：上文提到星期日烤肉是开心活动，这里说食品卫生部门认为这种“享受”会导致另一种损害健康的“有罪的快乐”。enjoyment与上文pleasures和下文anotherpleasures相关联；patience是“耐心”；surprise为“惊喜”；concern指“关心”，所以选B。答案：D解析：此句意为这种快乐会导致另一种肯定会损害我们健康的有罪的快乐。guaranteed有“有保证的、一定的”意思；intensified意为“增强、加剧”；privileged表示“享有特权”；compelled是“强迫”，D选项符合语义。答案：A解析：“TheFoodStandardsAuthority(FSA)has5apublicwarning”，此处是说食品标准管理局发布了一项公开警告。issued有“发表、发布、发出”之意；received是“接收、接到”；ignored为“忽视、忽略”；canceled表示“取消”，A选项正确。答案：B解析：“insomefoodscooked6hightemperatures”，“athightemperatures”为固定搭配，表示“在高温下”，under表示“在……下面”；for表示“为了、因为”等；by表示“通过、由于”等，B选项合适。答案：D解析：前文提到高温炙烤食物里的化学复合物有害健康，所以这里建议人们应避免把土豆烤太焦，avoid有“避免”之意，与reject构成语义并列；forget是“忘记”；regret为“后悔”；finish表示“完成”，D选项符合。答案：A解析：这里说建议人们不吃炸土豆、薄皮披萨，或者只是偶尔烤面包。partially有“部分地、偶尔地”意思；regularly表示“有规律地”；easily为“容易地”；initially是“最初地”，A选项符合语境。答案：D解析：“9studieshaveshownthatacrylamidecancauseneurologicaldamageinmice,thereisno10evidencethatitcausescancerinhumans”，前后句是转折、对比、让步的逻辑关系，while有“虽然、尽管”之意；Unless表示“除非”，引导条件状语从句；Since表示“因为”，引导原因状语从句；If表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句，所以选D。答案：C解析：此句说虽然研究表明丙烯酰胺可引起小鼠神经损伤，但没有确凿证据表明它会导致人类患癌症。conclusive有“决定性的、令人信服的、确凿的”意思；secondary表示“第二的、中等的、间接的”；external为“外面的、外部的”；negative表示“消极的、否认的”，C选项正确。答案：C解析：“Scientistssaythecompoundis11tocausecancerbuthavenohardscientificproof”，belikelyto是固定搭配，表示“可能”；insufficient意为“不足的”；bound表示“捆绑的、有义务的”；slow是“缓慢的”，C选项符合。答案：A解析：“12theprecautionaryprinciple,itcouldbearguedthatitis13tofollowtheFSAadvice”，Onthebasisof有“以……为基础、根据、按照”之意；Atthecostof表示“以……为代价”；Inadditionto意为“除……之外”；Incontrastto表示“与之相对、相反”，这里是说基于预防性原则，A选项正确。答案：B解析：基于预防性原则，有人认为遵循FSA的建议是明智的。advisable有“明智的、可取的”意思；interesting表示“有趣的”；urgent为“急迫的”；fortunate是“侥幸的、幸运的”，B选项符合语义。答案：D解析：前文说基于预防原则应遵循FSA建议，此句说在有证据证明吸烟与癌症联系之前，吸烟致癌传言已流传多年。Afterall有“毕竟”之意，符合文意；Asusual表示“像往常一样”；Inparticular意为“尤其、特别”；Bydefinition表示“根据定义”，所以选D。答案：C解析：这里说的是在找到证据证明吸烟与癌症之间的联系之前，吸烟致癌传言已存在多年，connection有“联系”之意；resemblance表示“相似”；combination为“结合”；pattern表示“模式”，C选项正确。答案：B解析：“Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe16uponSundayalongsidesomesteamedvegetables”，serveup有“上菜、端上”之意，这里说一片煮熟的牛肉总能在周日和一些蒸蔬菜一起被端上桌；made表示“制作”；saved是“节省”；used表示“使用”，B选项符合。答案：A解析：前文对FSA的建议提出质疑，此句说FSA表示并非让人们完全不吃烤制食物，Tobefair有“公平地说、说实话”之意，符合语境；Forinstance表示“例如”；Tobebrief意为“简而言之”；Ingeneral表示“一般来说”，A选项正确。答案：B解析：FSA说不是让人们完全不吃烤食物，而是减少一生的摄入量。entirely有“完全地”意思；reluctantly表示“不情愿地”；gradually为“逐渐地”；carefully是“仔细地”，B选项符合。答案：C解析：这里说FSA的行动、活动有被视为劝诫和保姆式监管的风险。campaign有“运动、一系列活动”之意；promise表示“承诺”；experience为“经历”；competition是“竞争”，C选项合适。答案：D解析：“Constanthealthscaresjust20withnoonelistening”，endup有“最终、结果”之意，这里说持续的健康恐慌最终没人再听信；followup表示“跟踪、坚持完成”；pickup意为“捡起、偶然学到”；openup表示“打开、开发”，D选项正确。阅读理解PartAText1真题AgroupofLabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK“townofculture”award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryfor2021.Cooperandhercolleaguesarguethata“townofculture”awardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerbeabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asought-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLiverpoolin2008.AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:aftertownofculture,whoknowswhatwillfollow—villageofculture?Suburbofculture?Hamletofculture?Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun“yearofculture”washesinandwashesoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.Itishardtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,communitygroupsandculturalorganisations.Butitcanbedone:Glasgow'syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofacomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerhouseofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.A“townofculture”couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonouringatown'speculiarities—helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction.Cooperandhercolleaguesarguethata“townofculture”awardcould______.[A]consolidatethetown-citytiesinBritain[B]promotecooperationamongBritain'stowns[C]increasetheeconomicstrengthofBritain'stowns[D]focusBritain'slimitedresourcesonculturaleventsAccordingtoParagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas______.[A]asensiblecompromise[B]aself-deceivingattempt[C]aneye-catchingbonus[D]aninaccessibletargetTheauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit______.[A]endeavourstomaintainitsimage[B]meetstheaspirationsofitspeople[C]bringsitslocalartstoprominence[D]commitstoitslong-termgrowthGlasgowismentionedinParagraph3topresent______.[A]acontrastingcase[B]asupportingexample[C]abackgroundstory[D]arelatedtopicWhatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheproposal?[A]Skeptical.[B]Objective.[C]Favourable.[D]Critical.Text1答案及解析答案：C解析：由题干“Cooperandhercolleagues”与“a'townofculture'award”定位到第一段第5句“Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs”，C选项“increasetheeconomicstrengthofBritain'stowns”用“经济实力的提升”替换原文提及的“attractingfundingandcreatingjobs”对资金和工作的积极作用，所以选C。答案：B解析：由题干“theproposal”与“regarded…as”定位到第二段第一句，原文中用“see…as”对题干进行了同义替换。该句提到英国不再有能力申请更有威望的头衔，表明能力不足，为明显负态度，且后文中提及“陷入自我庆祝”，B选项“aself-deceivingattempt”与文章中“self-celebration”更加贴切，所以选B。答案：D解析：根据题干关键词“titleholder”和“successful”定位到第三段，真正成功的头衔持有者，除了为酒店带来客源、举办高规格艺术活动等，还能改变当地居民的愿望，将城市的自我形象推向更乐观的一面。ABC项只是其中一方面，只有D项“致力于长期发展”能够全面涵盖文中提到的几个方面，所以选D。答案：B解析：第三段提到“文化之城”头衔不是万灵药，运行不佳的“文化之年”对社区没有持久益处，而格拉斯哥作为欧洲文化之都的一年，被看作是一系列复杂因素之一，将这座城市变成了艺术、音乐和戏剧的力量。所以作者列举格拉斯哥的例子是作为一个正面的示例来证明“文化之城”头衔是可以带来积极效果的，是一个支持性的例子，选B。答案：C解析：第一段提出设立英国“文化之城”奖的建议；第二段指出一些人认为这个建议有点吹嘘之意；第三段指出不能将这些头衔看作“万灵药”，并提到拥有此头衔为成功城市带来的好处；最后一段提出“文化之城”不仅仅是艺术之城，而且要尊重一个城市的特色等。由此可知，作者对该建议持积极赞成的态度，选C。Text2真题Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublishtheirres