2025-2026学年广东梅州市梅江区梅县东山中学高三下学期开学考试英语试卷

2025-2026学年广东梅州市梅江区梅县东山中学高三下学期开学考试英语试卷本试卷共4页，47题，全卷满分120分，考试用时120分钟。★祝考试顺利★第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AManycountriesareconsideringreducingspeedlimitsonmotorwaysandinurbanareas.FuelsavingsandreductionsinCO2emissionsarejusttwoofthereasonsfordoingso.Fuelconsumptiondecreasesthesloweryoudrive,becausethemovingcarhastoovercomefewerphysicalforcessuchasairresistanceandrollingfriction(摩擦)betweentyresandroad.Airresistanceincreaseswiththesquareofthespeed.Thismeansthatacarexperiences28%moreairresistanceataspeedof130km/hthanat110km/h.SlowerspeedisnottheonlywaytoreducetheCO2emissionsfromyourcar.Therearethreeautomotivetipstohelptheclimateelse.STREAMLINETHECAR1.Unevenness(不均匀)increasestheairresistanceofyourcar,andsoitsCO2emissions.Fouropenwindowsincreasefuelconsumptionbyupto27%.GETUPTHEGEARS(齿轮)QUICKLY2.Petrolanddiesel(柴油)carsshouldalwaysbedriveninthehighestpossiblegear:theenginethenhasasfewrevolutionsaspossible.Fuelconsumptionbetweentwogearscanvarybyupto20%.MAINTAINTYREPRESSURE3.Cartyresattherecommendedpressureensureidealdriving.Ifthetyrepressuredropsto75%pressure,fuelconsumptionincreasesby2%.Ifitdropsbyhalf,theincreaseisasmuchas10%.Here’sthebreakdownoffuelconsumptionimpactofdrivinghabitsandvehicleadjustmentsfromtheFederationofDanishMotorists(FDM).1.Whydoesdrivingatalowerspeedhelpcutfueluse?A.Itweakensthephysicalforcesthecarmustfightagainst.B.Itchangesthewayairresistanceaffectsthecar.C.Itlightenstheweightofthemovingvehicle.DItmakestheengineworkatahigherspeed.2.Whatwillhappenifacar’swindowsarewideopenwhiledriving?A.It’lllowerthecar’sairresistance.B.It’llreducethecar’sCO₂emissions.C.It’llleadtoasharpriseinfueluse.D.It’llmakethecarrunmoresmoothly.3.Whatisthefuel-savingeffectofreducingspeedfrom130km/hto110km/haccordingtoFDMdata?A.10%. B.16%. C.Upto20%. D.Nearly28%.BInMarch2022,theEndurance—thelostvesselofthefamedpolarexplorerErnestShackleton—wasfoundinAntarctica,107yearsafteritsank.Thenewsmadeheadlinesaroundtheworld,notonlyfortheincredibleachievementofthesearchteam,butbecausethediscoverymarkedthefinalchapterinalegendarystoryofextraordinarycourageandperseverance.OnAugust4,1914,SirErnestShackleton,alongwithaskilledcrewof27,setsailontheEndurancetowardtheSouthPole,hopingtomakethefirstlandcrossingoverAntarctica.FromPlymouth,UK,theteamarrivedinBuenosAires,Argentina,andonNovember5reachedSouthGeorgiaIsland,thelastsettlementofcivilizationenroutetoAntarctica.There,therealchallengebegan.TwodaysafterleavingSouthGeorgiainDecember,theEnduranceencounteredfloatingice,andwassooncompletelytrappedinpackice.Theworthyvesselheldupforninemonths,driftingdownsouthslowlyandthenpushednorthwardbytheice.Gradually,thepressurefromtheicebuckledtheplanks.Freezingwaterrushedinandexacerbatedthesituation.OnOctober27,1915,Shackletonorderedhiscrewtoabandontheship,pitchingtentsontheiceamileandahalfaway.Weekslater,theywatchedtheEndurancesinkbeneaththeWeddellSea.Thenextfivemonths,thecrewcampedoutonthepackiceasitdriftednorth,survivingonpenguins,seals,andseaweed.Finally,theicebrokeupenoughforthemtoescapeinlifeboats.Forsevendays,theysailedmorethanahundredmilestotheuninhabitedElephantIsland.Butthecrewcouldn’tsurvivelongthere.So,Shackletonmadeadangerousattempttogethelp:Withfivecrewmembers,hesailed800milesover16daysacrossfreezing,stormyseastoSouthGeorgiaIsland.Thenthegrouphikedfor36hoursacrosstheislandtoreachawhalingstation.Helpwasalmostathand,buticeandbadweatherhinderedtheirreturn.OnAugust30,1916,ShackletonfinallygotbacktoElephantIslandwithashipbigenoughtorescuetherestofhismen.Allthemembersoftheexpeditionteamsurvived,buttheEnduranceremainedlostundertheseauntilitsdiscoveryin2022.4.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A.ArenownedAntarcticexplorer. B.TheextremeweatherinAntarctica.C.AchallengingvoyagetoAntarctica. D.Theamazingdiscoveryofasunkenship.5.Whichofthefollowingidiomsisclosestinmeaningto“exacerbatedthesituation”inthethirdparagraph?A.Broketheice. B.Costanarmandaleg.C.Missedtheboat. D.Addedfueltothefire.6.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutShackletonandhisAntarcticexpedition?A.Hisjourneylastedmorethantwoyears.B.HewasthefirstmantocrossovertheAntarctic.C.HisteamcampedoutonElephantIslandforfivemonths.D.Hesentfivecrewmembersonalifeboattogethelpfromawhalingstation.7.WhichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectrouteoftheEnduranceafterleavingSouthGeorgia?A. B.C. D.CThesimpleactoflookingatapieceofvisualartcanboostyourwell-being,anewresearchstudyhasfound,andthisbenefitcanbegainedinahospitalsettingaswellasanartgallery.Previousresearchhassuggestedthatviewingartmightinfluencemoodorstress,buttheresearchwaslimitedandinconsistent.Thisstudyexamineddecadesofscatteredresearch,providingforthefirsttimeaclearandcomprehensiveoverviewofwhen,whereandwhyartviewingisusedtopromotewell-being.Thereviewof38previouslypublishedstudiescoveringatotalof6,805participantswasconductedbyteamofpsychologistsfromUniversityofVienna,TrinityCollegeDublin,andHumboldtUniversityofBerlin.IthasbeenpublishedthisweekinTheJournalofPositivePsychology.“Peopleoftenthinkofartasaluxury,butourresearchsuggeststhatviewingart,whetherasahobbyorasatargetedhealthintervention,canmeaningfullysupportwell-being,”saidMacKenzieTrupp,leadauthorandresearcherattheUniversityofViennaandRadboudUMC,DondersInstitute.“Byreframingartasalow-cost,accessiblewell-beingresource,thisresearchopensupexcitingpossibilitiesforintegratingartintoeverydayenvironmentsandpublichealthstrategies.”ClaireHowlin,AssistantProfessor,SchoolofPsychology,Trinity,added,“Whilethementalhealthbenefitsofcreatingarthavebeenwidelyexplored,theimpactofviewingarthasbeenunder-researchedandundervalued.Yetvisualartispresentandaccessibleineverydayspaces—museums,galleries,hospitals,andathome.Understandingitseffectscanunlocknewavenuesforpromotingwell-beingthrougheverydayencounterswithart.”“Since2019theWHOhasrecommendedthatcreativeapproachesareusedalongsideroutineclinicalcare.Artcansatisfypeople’sneedtosearchformeaninginlife,buildself-esteem,anddeveloppositiveidentitieswhichareimportantfactorsforcopingwiththechaosoflife.DepartmentsofhealthandartscouncilsacrossEuropearelookingforhighqualityevidencetoidentifywhichtypesofartscanbeusedforeachtypeofmedicaloutcome.Thisreviewwillhelptoplanlargerscalestudiesinthefuture.”8.What’sthemainfunctionofparagraph2?A.Toprovidereferencesfortheresearch.B.Tointroducetheguidelinesoftheresearch.C.Tostresstheprofessionalismofthenewresearch.D.Tohighlighttheconsistencyofthepreviousresearch.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reframing”inparagraph3mean?A.Designing. B.Redefining. C.Recognizing. D.Selecting.10.HowdoesClaireHowlinconsidertheimpactofviewingart?A.Itcallsformoreattention.B.Itisaprivilegeoftherich.C.Itseffectsonwell-beingaredifficulttomeasure.D.Itcan’tbeintegratedintopublichealthstrategies.11.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ArtFacilitatesPersonalGrowth B.ArtViewingImprovesWell-beingC.FamousArtworksBoostMoodMost D.ArtCreatingBenefitsMentalHealthDForthefirsttimeever,apowerfullaser(激光)beamfromEarthhasreportedlyhitatargetdeepinspace.Itcouldbethekeytolightning-fastspacecommunicationinthefuture.Imaginetryingtoaimatsomethingadistanceofastrand(股)ofhairfromadistanceof10km.That’sroughlyequivalenttowhatChineseresearchershaveachieved,usingalaserinspacetotargetadistantsatelliteorbitingtheMoon.AerospaceengineersoftheBeijing-basedAcademyofScienceshavestruckasatellitewithaninfrared(红外)laserinbroaddaylightandacrossadistanceof130,000km.ThepowerfullaserbeamhitareflectoronTiandu-1,aChineselunarnavigationandcommunicationstestsatellite,whichwaslaunchedinMarch2024:ThesignalwasreturnedtoEarthinlessthanasecond,capturedbyatelescopeinYunnaninSouth-WesternChina.Itisthefirsttimeeverthatengineershavemanagedtoaccuratelylocateandmeasureasatellitesofarawayandtodosoindaylight,whensunlightusuallyinterfereswithmeasurements.Insimilarearlierefforts,researchershadbeenabletocollectdataforonlyshortperiodsoftime.Butbydemonstratingthatthetechnologyalsoworksinsunlight,theresearchershavenowshownthatthemethodcouldenablemuchmorefrequentandaccuratemeasurementsinspace.Themethodcouldalsobeusedtorevolutionizecommunicationsinspace.CurrentlyweuseradiowavestosendmessagestoplacessuchasMars,butlaserscouldsendgreatlyincreasedquantitiesofdatainthesametime.Thetechnologycouldpavethewayforlightning-fastcontactwithfuturebasesontheMoon—andperhapsonedayonMars.StablelaserlinksinspacecanreportedlysenddatatoandfromEarthupto100timesfasterthancanradiowaves,perhapsanimportantboosttocommunicationwithfutureastronautsontheMoonandMars.12.WhatdidtheChineseresearcherssuccessfullymakethelaserbeamreach?A.Alunarbaseunderconstruction.B.AMarsexplorationspacecraft.C.Areflectivedeviceonatestsatellite.D.AgroundtelescopeinYunnan.13.WhatmakestheChineseengineers’achievementparticularlyremarkable?A.Locatingaso-distantsatellitepreciselyindaylight.B.LaunchingaMoon-orbitingsatellite130,000kmaway.C.GettingthesignalreturnedtoEarthinasecond.D.Usinganinfraredlaserforthefirsttimesuccessfully.14.Whatcanbeinferredaboutradiowavesinspacecommunication?A.TheyareunabletoreachMarsfromEarth.B.Theywillsoonbereplacedbylasertechnology.C.Theyhavelowerdatatransmissioncapacitythanlasers.D.Theyaremoreeasilyinterferedwithbysunlightthanlasers.15.Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.AHistoricLaserStrike:TargetingtheMoonB.Tiandu-1Satellite:BridgingEarthandtheMoonC.RadioWaves:TheFutureofSpaceCommunicationD.China’sLaser:ALeapforDeep-SpaceCommunication第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheLastLivingMonetEverywinter,theheadgardeneratClaudeMonet’sgardeninthetinyFrenchvillageofGivernysitsdowntoapileofseedlists’fordisappointment.Avisardknowshemustgrowatleast520,000plantstorecreatethesehistoricgrounds.Buteachyearatleast10seedvarietiesheselectedthepreviousseasonwilldisappear.____16____WhenMonetmovedtoGivernyin1883,nurseries(苗圃)werecoveredwithVictorianflowers.Manyofhisfavoredvarietieshavesincegoneextinctorbeencompletelychangedaspeoplepreferbothharder(耐寒的)plantsandflowerswithever-increasingblooms.Thisseason,Avisardiscrazyaboutgrowingatallerpelargonium(天竺葵),aclumped-flower(簇状花)cousintothegeranium(老鹳草)thatMonetfamouslyplantedinseveralredandpinkbedsinfrontofhispinkhouse.“____17____”Avisardsays.“Tobringthembackwouldbearesurrection(起死回生).”Headgardenersince2016,Avisardnowleadsadozengardeners,twiceasmanyasMonetenlisted.____18____Wetterwintersfollowedbyhot,drysummersleadtoearliercrowdsofpests.Inaddition,themanagementoftouristsposesasignificantchallenge.____19____“It’scomplicated.”saysAvisard,“____20____”HeandGiverny’sgardenersseektopleaseamanthey’venevermetbycreatingaspacesoidentifiablethatitremindsstrangersofpaintingstheyseehanginginmuseumstheworldover.Asseedsdisappear,thetaskonlygetsharder.“WewantpeopletolookoutlikeMonetandseewhathesaw.”A.Youcan’tbuythemanywhere.B.Aswithfashion,people’stastesinflowerschange.C.ThetouristshavetofeelliketheyareinMonet’spaintings.D.Thesegardenersstrugglewithawildlychangingecosystem.EMonet’sgardensymbolizesimpressionistartandnaturalbeauty.F.Hisworkincludesplanting,researchingandsourcingrareseeds.G.Nearly800,000visitorsflocktotheareaeveryyearbetweenAprilandOctober.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Iaskedforawoodenbirdhousetohanginthebackyardasapresentformybirthday.Welivedinanold,____21____neighborhoodwithlotsofbirds,andIwantedtowatchthemclose.Myhusbandmountedthebirdhouseontoatree,andwe____22____.Nooneevercame.Itturnsoutthatbirdsare____23____aboutwheretheylive.Morethanjustasimplehouse,theyrequiretheright____24____.Therefore,inordertosatisfythemandme,Imadea(n)____25____to-dolist:clearbushes,plantflowers,andsetupabirdfeederetc.Iwantedtocrosseverythingofffromthelistovernight,buttheprogresscameslowly.Yetasmyto-dolistgot____26____,ouryardbegantotakeshape.Birdsbegantovisit—thoughnone____27____long.Afterreadingchildren’sbooksonbirds,Ifurtherlearnedwhichfoodsattractwhichspecies,andrealizedthatcreatingabird-friendlyhabitatcouldhelpthemfaceclimatechange.Wealso____28____alandscapertodesignagardenbedandasmallbutterflygarden.Westoppedusingpesticides,upgradedourbirdseed,andbecame____29____customersatbirdshops.Beforelong,ourbackyardgrewlivelywithmorewingedvisitors____30____.Inspired,wetookstepsto____31____ouryardasawildlifehabitatthatattractedothercreaturesbesidesbirds.Myoncesadbackyardhasbecomeatiny____32____—a“littlestatepark,”asonefriendcalledit.Theoriginal____33____remainsempty.However,itservesasa(n)____34____thatalthoughthingsdon’talwaysgoas____35____,sometimestheyturnoutevenbetter.21.A.heavily-treed B.brightly-painted C.thickly-fogged D.neatly-built22.A.returned B.succeeded C.quitted D.waited23.A.curious B.confused C.picky D.excited24.A.moment B.decision C.adventure D.atmosphere25.A.common B.effortless C.ambitious D.temporary26.A.busier B.shorter C.nearer D.safer27.A.survived B.moved C.competed D.stayed28.A.hired B.recalled C.taught D.presented29.A.ordinary B.appealing C.regular D.affordable30.A.catchingon B.showingup C.breakingin D.runningout31.A.remember B.stress C.praise D.establish32A.venue B.ecosystem C.circulation D.court33.A.birdhouse B.backyard C.neighborhood D.habitat34.A.reminder B.concern C.blessing D.doubt35.A.created B.noticed C.planned D.informed第二节语法填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Inthehustleandbustleofmodernlife—wherepeopleoftenchaseextremesuccess,argueoveropposingviews,____36____strugglewithwork-lifeimbalance—anancientChinesewisdomcalledthe“DoctrineoftheMean”(Zhongyong)offersapreciousguide.____37____(originate)fromConfucianism,thisphilosophyemphasizes“moderation,”“balance,”and“harmony,”teachingpeopletoavoidextremesandseekamiddlewayinallaspectsoflife.Contrarytothemisunderstandingthatitmeans“beingordinary”or“doingnothing”theConfucian“Zhongyong”____38____(refer)toastateof“appropriateaction”—doingtherightthing,attherighttime,intherightway.Itwasfirst____39____(systematic)clarifiedintheConfucianclassicTheDoctrineoftheMean,____40____states:“Themeanisthehighestvirtue.”ForConfucians,the“mean”isnotacompromisebetweentwoextremes,butaharmoniousintegrationofdifferentelements.Today,aswefaceunprecedentedchallenges—frompersonalanxiety____41____globalconflicts—the“DoctrineoftheMean”offersatimeless____42____(solve);seekbalance,avoidextremes,andpursueharmony.Itremindsusthatthemostsustainablehappinessdoesnotcomefromextremesuccessorendlessdesire,butfromabalancedlife;the____43____(stable)relationshipsdonotcomefromblindagreementorconstantconflict,butfrommutualrespectandcompromise;themostprosperoussocietydoesnotcomefromone-sideddevelopmentorrigidrules,butfromtheharmoniouscoexistenceofdifferentelements.The“DoctrineoftheMean”ismorethanjustanancientConfucianconcept—it’salivingwisdomthatconnectstraditionalChineseculturetomodernlife.Itteachesustoslowdowninafast-pacedworld,tolisteninanoisyworld,and____44____(balance)inanextremeworld.Intheend,thesignificanceofthe“DoctrineoftheMean”inmodernsocietyliesinitsabilitytohelpusfindpeacewithin____45____(we),buildharmoniousrelationships,andcreateabetterworldforeveryone.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假定你是李华，请给外教Susan写一封邮件，邀请她参加学校举办试验田（theexperimentalfield）劳作活动。内容包括：（1）活动安排；（2）提出邀请。注意：（1）写作词数应为100左右；（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearSusan,Hopethisemailfindsyouwell!____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。WhenMark,asoftwareengineerfromChicago,firstarrivedinChengdutoleadajointproject,hepridedhimselfonhisculturaladaptability.HehadreadtheguidebooksandevenlearnedbasicChinesegreetings.However,nothingpreparedhimforadramaticandconfusingChinesedinnerbillfight.OnaFridayevening,MarkinvitedtwoChinesecolleagues(同事),LiWeiandDirectorZhang,toahotpotdinnertocelebratethecompletionofaproject.Sinceitwasacasualouting,MarkhadplannedtogoDutch(splitthebill),thestandardandfairpracticeinChicago.Themealwasfantasticandtheatmospherewaswarm,filledwithlaughterandtoaststofuturesuccess.Asthemealwounddown,Marksignaledthewaiteroverandaskedhimforthebill,intendingtosplitthecostequallyandpayhisownshare.Seeingthis,LiWeiandDirectorZhangexchangedsurprisedglancesa