Unit 5 First Aid（单元测试·提升卷）解析版

Unit5FirstAid（单元测试・提升卷）

（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）

注意事项：

1.本试卷分第【卷（选择题）和第n卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准

考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答第I卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,

用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。

3.回答第H卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。

4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交【可。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题

卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7・5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段

对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Howdidthemangotoworktoday?

A.Onfoot.B.Bybike.C.Bytaxi.

【答案】C

【原文】W:Didyougotoworkonfoolthismorning?Yourbikewasathome.

M:No.Igotuplateandtookataxi.

2.Whatisthewoman?

A.Adesigner.B.Asalesperson.C.Atourguide.

【答案】B

【原文】W:Excuseme,whatarcyoulookingfor?Wchavewashingmachines,microwaves,refrigerators...

M:Oh,I'dliketobuyanewairfryerformywife.She'ssofbndofcooking.

3.Whatistherelationshipbetween（hespeakers?

A.Strangers.B.Coworkers.C.Classmates.

【答案】C

【原文】M:Ican'tbelieveI'veactuallygraduatedandI'mleavingtonight.Ienjoyedstudyingwithyouthese

years.

W:Samehere.Andhey,don'tforgettoemailmeonceinawhile.Letmeknowhoweverythinggoeswithyou.

4.WhydoesthewomanwanttotalktoProfessorMonroe?

A.Forherarticle.B.Forcampuslife.C.Forajobinterview.

【答案】A

【原文】W:DoyouthinkthatProlessorMonroewouldletmeintenievvher?Pmwritinganarticleoncampus

researchprojectsforthenewspaper.

M:Whynot?Imean,shelovesdiscussingherresearch.

5.Whatarcthespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Howtoselectgrapes.B.Howtomixfruitjuices.C.Howtomakegrapewine.

【答案】C

【原文】M:Linda,youmakegrapewinebyyourself?That'samazing!Isitdifficult?

W:No,butittakestime.Youhavetowashthegrapesseveraltimes,throwtheimperfectones,juicetheleftones,

andmixtheliquidwithwaterandsugarfbralongtime.Butit'sveryinterestingindeed.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，

各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

6.Howmanycarry-onsdoesthemanhave?

A.Two.B.Four.C.Six.

7.Wheredocsthisconversationtakeplace?

A.Ontheplane.B.Attheairport.C.Atthetrainstation.

【答案】6.A7.B

【原文】W:Next,please.

M:Hereareourpassportsandtickets.

W:Letmesee.Yes,hereareyourpassports.Arethesefourpiecesallyourluggage?

M:Yes.Oh!Andthesetwocarry-ons.

W:You'dbetterattachthesestickerstoyourcarry-ons.

M:Right.Thanks.

W:Herearcyourbaggageclaimticketsandboardingpasses.Yourscatsarc29Kand29J.Yourflightleavesat

Gate7,anditwillbeboardinginaboutonehour.

M:Thanks.

听下面一段对话，回答以下小题,

8.WhatisFinndoingthisweekend?

A.Trainingforafootballmatch.B.Stayingatthetowncenter.C.Takinga

shorttrip.

9.WhatdocsthewomansayabouiTeatreSans?

A.It'sfarfromherhome.B.It'sopenalldaylong.C.It^ahistoricbuilding.

10.WhatdoesSamuelagreetodoatlast?

A.Bookaticket.B.Visitthetheater.C.Seehisparents.

【答案】8.C9.C10.B

［原文】W:Hey,Samuel!Haveyougotanyplansthisafternoon?Stilltrainingforyourfootballmatch?

M:No.MycoachFinnisoutofthetown.He'shavingashorttriptoRondawithhisparentsthisweekend.

W:Inthatcase,wouldyouliketogotoTeatreSanswithme?

M:TeatreSans?Isitatheatreorsomething?

W:It,sasmalltheatrethathasbeenopenover25yearsandwhichisnotfarfromwherewelivenow.

M:Wow!Canyoutellmemoreaboutit?

W:Well,you'llbeinterested.Ifsanold14th-centurybuilding.Atfirst,itwasusedasamarketplace.Later,a

theatrecompanyrenteditasatheatreforperformancesandtheyarenowrunningit.

M:Soundsgreat!AndFiljoinyoutotakealookmyself.

听下面一段对话，回答以下小题,

11.Wherewillthewomangotomorrowafternoon?

A.TheSummerPalace.

B.TheNaHonalArtMuseumofChina.

C.TheChinaScienceandTechnologyMuseum.

12.Whatdidthewomancatlastnight?

A.Zhajiangmian.B.BeijingRoastDuck.C.Mongolianhotpot.

13.Whatdoes(hewomaninvitethemantodotonight?

A.Havedinner.B.Goshopping.C.Seeafilm.

【答案】U.C12.B13.A

【原文】M:YoushouldreallyvisittheChinaScienceandTechnologyMuseumwhileyouarehere.It'ssimply

wonderful.Haveyoubeenthereyet?

W:Notyet.Wcarcgoingtheretomorrowafternoon.

M:Well,you'llloveit.Andhaveyoudoneabustour?Thai'sthebestwayiogetioknowthecity.

W:No,butweheardthatit'sworthdoing.

M:WhatabouttheSummerPalace?Haveyoubeenthereyet?

W:Oh,yes.Thatwaslovely.It'soneofthemostbeautifillparksFveeverbeento.

M:Andifyouareinterestedinart,youshouldvisittheNationalArtMuseumofChina.Ithasacollectionof

famousChinesepaintings.

W:Yes,Tvereadaboutthat.Tvcalsoputitonmyvisitinglist.

M:Anddon'tforgettotrysomeofthelocaldisheslikeBeijingRoastDuck,zhajiangmianandMongolianhotpot,

especiallyBeijingRoastDuck.1(isquitegreat.

W:Yes,itcertainlyis.Wetasteditlastnight.Weplantodosomeshoppingandthengotothecinematonight.By

theway,wouldyouliketojoinusfordinnertonight?

听下面一段对话，回答以下小题＜

14.Whatisthewomandoing?

A.Hostingaprogram.B.Buildingagreenhouse.C.WatchingaTVshow.

15.WhenwasHoward'sdaughterborn?

A.In1969.B.In1985.C.In1986.

16.WhatisthetopicofHoward'sbooks?

A.Familytraditions.B.Organicgardening.C.Communicationskills.

【答案】14.A15.B16.B

【原文】W:Withrichexperienceinlandscapecontracting,greenhousegrowingandorganicproductdevelopment,

HowardGarredisknownastheDirtDoctorworldwide.Welcometoourliveshow,Howard!

M:Thanks.Hello,everyone!

W:SoHoward,howdidyoustart?

M:Hmm,IreceivedmyBachelorofSciencedegreeinParkAdministrationandLandscapeArchitecturein1969.

Butthebirthofmydaughterin1985wastheturningpointofmyentranceintoorganicgardening.

W:Thenwhateffortshaveyoumadesofar?

M:Well,inadditiontoteachingrelevantknowledgetolandowners,1alsodocommercialprojects.Youcanhear

meSundaysfrom8a.m.to11a.m.ontheradio.AndmycolumnintheDallasMorningNeusappearsThursdays.

W:AsIknow,you'vealsowrittenmanybooksonorganicgardening,suchasDearDirtDoctor,HerbsforTeras,

andPlantsforTexas.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题,

17.Whichseasonisapproachingaccordingtothespeaker?

A.Summer.B.Autumn.C.Winter.

18.Whathasthenortheasternpartseeninthepastweek?

A.Thunderstorms.B.Heatwaves.C.Coldweather.

19.WhatwilltheweatherbelikeintheMidwest?

A.Stormy.B.Rainy.C.Cool.

20.WhatdocsthespeakeradviseresidentsintheSouthtodo?

A.Rescheduleoutdoorplans.B.Avoidpossibleaccidents.C.Followthetrafficrules.

【答案】17.A18.B19.C20.A

［原文】M:Goodevening,everyone!Inafewdays,itwillfinallybetimetolieonthebeachandenjoythehot

summer.However,whenitcomestooutdooractivities,whetheryou'rerelaxingatthelakeorhangingoutinthe

backyard,youneedtopayattentiontotheweather.Tomakesurethatyou'repreparedfortheupcomingJuly,

here'sthefirstweek'sforecastfbrtheentirecountry.Ifyouliveinthenortheastempart,you'veprobablybeen

usingtheairconditioningtofightheatwavesinthepastweek.Fortunately,thediscomfortofextremeheatwill

ease.Therewillbesomespottythunderstormsontheirway.Andtemperatureswilllikelydropbelow21℃.The

Midwestisoftencalledflyovercountry,butitmightbethebestplacetocelebratetheholiday.AccuWeather

reportsthatthemajorityoftheregionwillexperiencecooltemperatureswithsunnyskies.Sadly,forresidentsin

theSouth,1suggestyourescheduleyouroutdoorplans.TheWeatherChannelreportsthatpartsoftheSouth,

specificallyalongtheGulfofMexico,willseethunderstormsthisweek.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

VolunteerPositionsupforGrabs

Findyourpassion.Makeanimpact.Volunteergov.isavolunteerrecruilmenl(招募)andmanagementwebsite.

Thefollowingprogramswillempoweryoutomakeadifferencetopubliccausesyoucareabout.

BeachCleanup—ChannelIslandsNationalPark

On-SitePosidon;1/20/2025

Thispositionisseekingpassionateindividualstofollowaseriesofinstructionscoidentify,count,and

collecttrashfromshorelines.Itisfarfromphysicallydemandingasvolunteerswillworkingroups.

Pre-registrationisnotrequired;walk-insarewelcome.Besides,volunteersshouldhavetheabilitytocommunicate

effectivelywithdiversepersonnel.

PointofContact:EmilyZivot(chisvoluntcc®iiD)

CottonwoodCampgroundHost-JoshuaTreeNationalPark

On-SitePosition;2/9/2025~6/1/2025

JoshuaTreeNationalParkisrecruitingcampgroundhostsfbrCottonwoodCampgroundduringpeak

campingseason-earlyFebruarytolateMay2025.Startandenddatesareflexible,buthostsmustcornmiltoat

least6weeks'ofservice.Hostswillanswervisitorquestions,assistwiththecampgroundreservationsystem,and

provideexcellentcustomerservice.

PointofContact:SashaTravaglio(sashatravagiio向)

AnacostiaParkCommunityCleanUp—NationalCapitalParks-East

On-SitePosition;2/7/2025-2/8/2025

Lettheendoftheweekalsobe(heendoflitter.Thisisanexcellentchancetohelptheenvironment.

Everyonewillgatheratthecommunitycenterat9am,wheregloves,bags,andgarbagegrabberswillbeprovided.

Pleasedressfortheweathersincethiseventwillrequirewalkingdistancesofupto3milesonunevengroundand

consistentbendingandkneeling.

PointofContact:BeckyGeorge(rcbccca-gcorgc®nr))

French-EnglishTranslator—CaneRiverCreoleNationalHistoricalPark

VirtualPosition;6/5/2024-24/2025

ThispositionfunctionsvirtuallyandinvolvestranslatingparktextintoFrench.Volunteerswillvirtually

supportparkstaffintheirmissiontoprovidetextinformationforthemanyFrenchvisitors.Majordutiesinclude

translating,carefullyediting,andproofreadingtranslatedtext.Abilitytokeepanorganizedrecordofworkis

necessary.

PointofContact:Da'NiraMcClary(danirameclary@)

21.WhatareBeachCleanupvolunteersrequiredtodo?

A.Signupinadvance.B.Masteraforeignlanguage.

C.Followcleanupdirections.D.Workindividuallyoringroups.

22.Whoshouldyoucon(ac(ifyouareavailableinMay2025?

A.EmilyZivot.B.SashaTravaglio.

C.BeckyGeorge.D.Da'NiraMcClary.

23.HowisFrench-EnglishTranslatordifferentfromotherprograms?

A.Itisphysicallydemanding.B.Itrequiresorganizationalskills.

C.Itallowsvolunteerstoworkoff-site.D.Itfocusesoninteractionwithvisitors.

【答案】21.C22.B23.C

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个可供选择的志愿者岗位。

21.细节理解题。由文章BeachCleanup—ChannelIslandsNationalPark部分中“Thispositionisseeking

passionateindividualstofollowaseriesofinstructionstoidentify,count,andcollecttrashfromshorelines.(此岗

位正在寻找充满热情的个人，他们需要遵循一系列说明，识别、统计并收集海岸线上的垃圾)”可.知，海滩

清理志愿者需要遵循清理说明。故选C。

22.细节理解题。由文章CottonwoodCampgroundHost-JoshuaTreeNationalPark部分中“JoshuaTreeNational

ParkisrecruitingcampgroundhostsfbrCottonwoodCampgroundduringpeakcampingseason-earlyFebruaryto

lateMay2025.(JoshuaTreeNationalPark正在为2025年露营旺季(2月初至5月底)的棉木露营地招募接

待员)"以及"PointofContact:SashaTravaglio(sasha_travaglio@)A：SashaTravaglio

,

(sasha_travaglio@)ynj^0,如果你在2025年5月有空，U以联系SashaTravagiioo故选Bc

23.细节理解题。由文章BeachCleanup—ChannelIslandsNationalPark部分中“Thispositionisseeking

passionateindividualstofollowaseriesofinstructionstoidentify,count,andcollecttrashfromshorelines.(此岗

位正在寻找充满热情的个人，他们需要遵循一系列说明，识别、统计并收集海岸线上的垃圾)“、Cottonwood

CampgroundHost-JoshuaTreeNationalPark部分中“JoshuaTreeNationalParkisrecruitingcampgroundhosts

forCotionwoodCampgroundduringpeakcampingseason-earlyFebruary(olateMay2025.(JoshuaTree

NationalPark正在为2025年露营旺季(2月初至5月底)的棉木露营地招募接待员)“、AnacosliaPark

CommunityCleanUpNationalCapitalParks-East部分中“Everyonewillgatheratthecommunitycenterat9

am,wheregloves,bags,andgarbagegrabberswillbeprovided.（所有人将于上午9点在社区中心集合，届时将

提供手套、垃圾袋和垃圾夹）“、French-EnglishTranslator—CaneRiverCreoleNationalHistoricalPark部分

1I1^ThispositionfunctionsvirtuallyandinvolvestranslatingparktextintoFrench.Volunteerswillvirtually

supportparkstaffintheirmiss沁ntoprovidetextinformationforthemanyFrenchvisitors.（此岗位为线上工作，

涉及将公园文本翻译成法语。志愿者将在线上支持公园工作人员，为众多法国游客提供文本信息）''可知，

法英翻译职位与其他项目不同，它允许志愿者在非现场工作，即线上工作。故选C。

B

WhenIboughtahouseinPortland（buryearsago,Iimmediatelybegandesigningmydreamgarden,

intendingtoremovetheweedsandplantsomevegetablesorlong-lastingflowers.Isoondiscovered,however,that

thesoilwasunproductive,clay-heavyandlitteredwithstones.Inprevious,muchtiniergardens,I'dfixitwitha

fewbagsofhigh-qualitysoilfromtacnursery.

Replacingthisvastlygreaterquantityofdirtwasneitherpracticalnorfinanciallypossible.Instead,I

decidedtoremediate（补救）whatIalreadyhad.

Thechallengebeforemewastorevive（hesoil.Twocoreprinciplesofmodernagriculturecanguidethis

shift:minimizingsoildisturbanceandemphasizingbiodiversity.Inpractice,growingcropsbyturns;prioritizing

organicinputsoverchemicalfertilizers;integratingcrops,treesandlivestock;andshelteringsoilfrombeing

washedawaywithcovercrops,oftenwork.

Itriedtoapplysuchmethodsinmygarden.Whereoncetherewasonlygrass,Imadeapond,arockgarden,

awildflowerfieldandraisedbedsforvegetables.Iletplantsgrowanddecomposebythemselvesinanaturalway.

Ialsointroduceddifferentplantsandreviveditsecologicalcommunities.

InMay.Idecidedtorelocateafloweringplant.AsIdugtheplantout,allmanneroflifeemerged.

Earthwormsswungfromtheroots.Adaddylonglegshurriedforshelter.BelowtheplantIevennoticedthefine

whilefungalmycelium（真菌菌丝）.

Runningmyfingersthroughthesoil,Iunderstood,moreclearlythaneverbefore,thatItransformedmuch

morethanmyyard-itcompletelychangedthewayIthinkaboutsoil.Ifsnotsimplyasamediumforlife,butasa

livingentity（个体）initsownright.Althoughsciencestilllacksanagreeddefinitionoflife,textbookshighlight

cri:eriawidelyconsideredlodifferentiate（helivingandnonliving.Soilmeetsmanyofthem:Ithasahighly

organizedstructure.Ithasacapacityforactiveself-preservation.Itgrows.Itbreathes.Anditcandie.

24.Whatwasthesoilproblemintheauthor'sgarden?

A.Wetandsalty.B.Poorandstony.

C.Dryandsandy.D.Acidicandweedy.

25,Whatwasthefbcusoftheauthor'sgardeningmethods?

A.Limitingplantvariety.B.Adoptingahigh-lechapproach.

C.Givingmoreintervention.D.Creatingasustainableenvironment.

26.WhydoestheauthormentionthereplantinginMay?

A.Tointroducedifferentspecies.B.Toprovethegardensheltersinsects.

C.Toshowthesoilhascometolife.D.Toexplainthetransplantingprocess.

27.Whatisconveyedinthelastparagraph?

A.Soilhasasoul.B.Lifeiswelldefined.

C.Lifehascomplexity.D.Soilisthesourceoflife.

【答案】24.B25.D26.C27.A

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者改造花园土壤的过程，通过可持续方法恢复土壤生机，

并领悟到土壤如同有生命的存在,

24.细节理解题。根据第一段中“soondiscovered,however,thatthesoilwasunproductive,clay-heavyand

ligredwiihslones.（然而，我很快发现土壤贫瘠，粘土多，到处都是石头。）“可知，作者花园里的土壤问题

是贫瘠且多石的。故选B。

25.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Twocoreprinciplesofmodernagriculturecanguidethisshift:minimizingsoil

disturbanceandemphasizingbiodiversity.（现代农业的两个核心原则可以指导这一转变：尽量减少对土壤的

干扰并强调生物多样性。广以及后续描写作者尝试应用这些方法，包括让植物自然生长和分解，引入不同

的植物和恢复其生态群落等，可推断出作者园艺方法的重点是创造一个可持续的环境。故选D。

26.推理判断题。根据第五段“InMay,Idecidedtorelocateafloweringplant.AsIdugtheplantout,allmanner

oflifeemerged.Earthwormsswungfromtheroots.Adaddylonglegshurriedforshelter.BelowtheplantIeven

noticedthefinewhitefungalmycelum（真菌菌丝）.（五月份，我决定移栽一株开花的植物。当我把这株植物

挖出来时，各种各样的生命出现了。蚯蚓从根部悬垂下来，一只长腿蜘蛛急忙寻找遮蔽处。在植物下方，

我还注意到了细小的白色真菌菌丝。）”以及最后一段中“Runningmyfingersthroughthesoil,Iunderstood,

mereclearlythaneverbefore,thatItransformedmuchmorethanmyyard-itcompletelychangedthewayIthink

aboutsoil.（我用手指划过土壤，匕以往任何时候都更清楚地意识到，我改变的不仅仅是我的院子——它完

全改变了我对土壤的看法。）”可推知，作者提到五月的重新种植是为了展示土壤已经恢复了活力。故选C。

27.t旨大意题。根据最后一段中"It'snotsimplyasamediumforlife,butasalivingentity（个体）initsown

right.Althoughsciencestilllacksanagreeddefinitionoflife,textbookshighlightcriteriawidelyconsideredto

differentiatethelivingandnonliving.Soilmeetsmanyofthem:Ithasahighlyorganizedstructure.Ithasa

capacityforactiveself-preservation.Ilgrows.Ilbreathes.Anditcandie.（它不仅仅是•种承载生命的介质，而

是一个独立的生命体。尽管科学界对生命的定义尚未达成一致，但教科书强调了一些广泛用于区分生物与

非生物的标准。土壤符合其中的许多标准：它具有高度有序的结构，具备积极自我保护的能力，能够生长，

能够呼吸，并且也可能会死亡。）”可知，最后一段传达的是“土赛有灵魂”的意思。故选A。

C

AnewstudypublishedinScienceAdvancesrevealsthatlong-termexposuretoextremehea:,suchasthe

record-breaking188daysabove90°F（with140daysover100T）inPhoenixlastyear,canspeedupbiological

agingatthemolecular（分子的）level.LedbyUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaexpenEunyoungChoi,the

researchfoundthatlong-termheatexposurechangesgenebehaviorthroughDNAmethylation（甲基叱），aprocess

withimpacts“similartosmokinganddrinking.^^

Thestudycomparedadultsover56inhotregionslikePhoenix-whereheatreadingswereoverdangerous

levelsforoverhalftheyear-andcoolercitieslikeSeaUle.Participartsinextremehealshowedbiologicalsignsof

aging14monthsfaster,evenaftercontrollingfbrfactorslikeincome,education,andlifestyle/4Biologicalaging

andactualagedon'talwaysmatch,“explainsChoi,notingthatDNAmethylationactsasa“molecularclock,M

controllinggeneactivitylikealightswitch.Thestudyalsoanalyzedbloodsamplesfrom3,600adults,using

climatemodelstotrackheatexposureoversixycars-confirminghca:'sindependentroleinspeedingupaging.

Thisearlyagingisconnectedtogettingage-relateddiseasessooner."Itputsstressonindividuals,families,

andhealthcaresystems,“saysBostonUniversityexpertDeborahCarr,t4Ifthat'ssomethingthattakesyououtof

theworkforcefbrayear,（hatmakesyougotothedoctorseverydayfbrayear,thatincreasesyourmedical

budget?,

AstheU.S.NationalClimateAssessmentwarnsof20-30moreextremeheatdaysbymid-century,aging

populationsfaceheightenedrisks:olderadultshavereducedsweatingcapacity,poorbloodcirculation（循环）,and

drugsensitivitiesthathinderbodyheatcontrol.ltHeataddsextraphysicalstress,“saysHarvard'sRobertMeade.

Fuiureresearchwillfocusonpersonalizedhomeheatexposuretofindwaystoreduceheat'sdamagetogenes.

Thisworkemphasizesheat'shiddenharmtohumanhealthandcallsfbrtargetedintervenlionsascliiratechanges.

28.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthestudyfromparagraph2?

A.Itwasfocusedongeneactivity.B.Itadoptedacomparativeapproach.

C.Itoverlookedsomeimportantfactors.D.ItwasconductedinPhoenixandSeattle.

29.WhatisthefocusofDeborahCarr'swords?

A.Thefunctionofthestudy.B.Theimpactofprematureaging.

C.Thewaytoreducemedicalcost.D.Thepressuretoimproveproductivity.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hinder“inparagraph4mean?

A.Getinthewayof.B.Facilitate.C.Laythefoundationof.D.disable.

31.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Topromoteanewanti-agingtreatment.

B.Towarnofheatrisksandcallforfurtherstudy.

C.Torevealtheconnectionbetweenheatandaging.

D.Toinfbmiaboutheat'sagingefYectandurgeaction.

【答案】28.B29.B30.A31.D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项新研究发现长期暴露于极端高温会加速人体分子层面的生物衰

老，还提及高温衰老的影响及应对研究方向。

28.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thestudycomparedadultsover56inhotregionslikePhocnix-whereheat

readingswereoverdangerouslevelsforoverhalftheyear-andcoolercitieslikeSeaiUe.（该研究比较了凤凰城

（一年中有超过一半时间的温度超过危险水平）等炎热地区和西雅图等凉爽城市中56岁以上的成年人。广

可知，这项研究采用了对比的方法。故选B项。

29.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thisearlyagingisconnectedtogettingage-relateddiseasessooner.uItputs

stressonindividuals,families,andhealthcaresystems,MsaysBostonUniversityexpertDeborahCarr,44Ifthat's

something（hattakesyououtoftheworkforcefbrayear,thatmakesyougotothedoctorseverydayforayear,

thatincreasesyourmedicalbudget."（这种过早衰老与更早患上与色龄相关的疾病有关。波士顿大学专家黛博

拉・卡尔说：“这会给个人、家庭和医疗保健系统带来压力。如果这导致你一年无法工作，一年中每天都要

去看医生，那会增加你的医疗预算。可知，黛博拉•卡尔的话重点在于过早衰老带来的影响。故选B项。

30.词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“olderadultshavereducedsweatingcapacity,poorbloodcirculation（循环），

anddrugsensitivitiesthathinderbodyheatcontrol.（老年人出汗能力下降、血液循环不良，且对药物敏感，这

些都会hinder身体的热量控制。厂可知，老年人的这些身体状况对热量控制是不利的，“hindcL应表示“阻

碍”,与“Getinthewayof（妨碍）”意思相近。故选A项。

31.推理判断题。通读全文，文章开篇介绍研究发现长期极端高温会加速生物衰老，接着说明过早衰老的

影响、老年人面临的高温风险，最后提到未来研究方向并呼吁计对性干预措施。山此可推断，作者写这篇

文章的目的是告知读者高温对衰老的影响，并敦促采取行动。故选D项。

D

Inourdailylives,wemayencountersituationswheresomeoneneedsimmediateassistance.However,what

happenswhenthevictimisresponsibleforgettingintothedangeroussituation?Doesthischangethedutyofthe

rescuer?

Thedulyofrescuecanbebroadlydividedintoiwocategories:naturalandartificial.Anaturaldutyarises

whenarescuerencountersavictimbychanceandhastheabilitytoprovideassistancewithoutsignificantcost(o

themselves.On(heotherhand,anartificialdutyiscreatedbyagreementamongparticipants,suchasinamutual

aidframeworkoraninsurancepolicythatcoversthecostsofaprofessionalrescueservice.

Whenconsideringthedutyofrescue,itiscrucialtoacknowledgetheresponsibilityofthevictim.Ifthe

victimisresponsibleforgettingintodifficulties,thismayafleettherescuer,sobligationsinseveralways.Firstly,

itmayreducethecostthattherescuerisobligedtobear.Secondly,thevictim'sresponsibilitymayreducethe

forceofthedulyofrescue.Inotherwords,therescuermayhavestrongerreasonstoprioritizeotherdutiesover

thedutyofrescue,especiallywhenfacinglimitedresourcesorchoicesbetweendifferentvictims.

However,itisimportanttonotethatthedutyofrescueshouldneverbecompletelynegated(否认).Evenin

casesofcarelessnessorwrongdoing,therescuer'sprimaryaimshouldbetoprotectthevictim'slifeandbodily

integrity.Inpracticalterms,acknowledgingthevictim'sresponsibilitycanjusthelpbalancetheexpectedcostsof

therescuebetweenthevictimandtherescuersmorefairly.Forexample,inthecaseofalosthikerwhoknowingly

exposedthemselvestorisk,volunteersmaychoosetodelaytherescueuntilmorningorchargethevictimforthe

costsinvolved.

Moreover,recognizingthevictim'sresponsibilitycanencouragepersonalaccountabilityandpreventfuture

risks.Bymakingindividualsawareofthepotentialconsequencescftheiractions,wecanencourageresponsible

behaviorandreducetheneedforrescueinthelongrun.

32.Whichofthefollowingsituationsmaycreateanartificialdutyofrescue?

A.Apasserbyseesacaraccidentanddecidestohelp.

B.Afriendofferstohelpanotlierfriendmovetoanewhouse.

C.Avolunteerinamutualaidagreementassistsothermembers.

D.Afirefighterrespondstoacallforassistanceinaburningbuilding.

33.Whatis(heprimaryaimoftherescuerwhenfacingavictim?

A.Toprotectthevictim'ssafetyandhealth.

B.Toacknowledgethevictim'sresponsibility.

C.Tochargethevictimforthecostsoftherescue.

D.Toprioritizeotherdutiesoverthedutyofrescue.

34.Whatisillustratedbytheexampleofthelosthiker?

A.Theneedforprofessionalrescuesenices.

B.Theextracostofrescuecausedbyvictims.

C.Thedifficultyofbalancingdutiesinemergencies.

D.Recognitionofvictim'sfaultfbrfairrescuecostsplit.

35,Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Theartificialandnaturaldutiesofrescuers.

B.Waystoreducetheneedforrescueservices.

C.Theeffectsoftechnologyonrescueoperations.

D.Therescuer'sdutyandthevictim'sresponsibility.

【答案】32.C33.A34.D35.D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了救援者的职责以及遇险者自身责任对救援的影响，还阐述了

不司类型的救援职责。

32.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thedutyofrescuecanbebroadlydividedintotwocategories:naturaland

artificial.Anaturaldutyariseswhenarescuerencountersavictimbychanceandhastheability（oprovide

assistancewithoutsignificantcosttothemselves.Ontheotherhand,anartificialdutyiscreatedbyagreement

amon