2026春牛津译林版八年级英语下册Unit 5 Good manners 第 3 课时 Grammar导学案（学生版）

Unit5Goodmanners第3课时grammar八年级英语下册同步精品讲义（牛津译林版）知识精讲知识精讲too…to结构用法详解too...to…意为“太……而不能……”，其结构的基本形式是：too＋adj./adv.＋todosth.，它在形式上是肯定的，但在意义上是否定的。使用该结构应注意以下几点：1.当主语本身是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，不定式后不接宾语，此时的不定式如果是不及物动词，动词之后应加上适当的介词，这时的主语就变成了介词的宾语。Thewaterintheglassistoohottodrink.玻璃杯内的水太热了不能喝。（drink是及物动词）Thehouseistoooldtolivein.这房子太旧了不能住。（live是不及物动词，其后需接介词in)2.当主语不是不定式的逻辑宾语，而不定式是及物动词时，动词之后要接宾语。Thehallistoosmalltoholdsomanystudents.大厅太小了不能容纳这么多学生。3.动词不定式之前可以带逻辑主语，表示不定式动作的执行者，常用forsb。Thehouseistooexpensiveforhimtobuy.对他来说这房子太贵了，买不起。4.如果在too之前加上not，该结构就不再有否定意义。Chineseisnottoodifficulttolearn.汉语并不太难学。5.“too…to...”结构可以与“so...that...”结构及“not...enoughtodosth”互换。Mybrotheristooyoungtojointhearmy.=Mybrotherissoyoungthathecan’tjointhearmy.=Mybrotherisnotoldenoughtojointhearmy.我弟弟太年轻了不能参军。【拓展】l)too…nottodosth.意为“太......不会不......”。Jimwastoonearfortheteachernottoseehim.吉姆近在咫尺，老师不会看不见他。2)never/nottoo…todosth.意为“永/决不......能......”。Heisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老，学到老。3)onlytoo…to…意为“非常，十分，相当”。Ifyouinviteher,shewillbeonlytoogladtoattend.如果你邀请她，她会非常乐意参加的。4)too+ready/glad+todosth意为“太愿意……，太乐于”。Amyistooreadytohelpothers.埃米非常乐于帮助别人。be+adj.+enough+to+v.用法解析及句型转换动词“be+形容词+enough+动词不定式”结构是初中英语中最常用的句型之一，也是中考考点之一。同学们在学习和使用这个句型时，必须注意这个句型的主语是人还是物，是肯定结构还是否定结构以及与其它句型的相互转换。一、句型结构动词“be+形容词+enough+动词不定式”结构的意思是“有足够的……做某事、到了做某事的……了”。句子的主语通常指人。例如：Andyisgenerousenoughtobuynicepresentsforallofus.安迪够大方的了，给我们大家买了漂亮的礼物。Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.这个男孩到上学的年龄了。1)如果句子的主语指物时，必须在动词不定式之前加“介词for+名/代词”作为动词不定式的逻辑主语。例如：Thequestioniseasyenoughforhimtoanswer.问题够简单的了，他能回答上来。Theboxislightenoughforhertocarry.这个箱子很轻，她能搬动。2)该句型的否定结构是在动词be的后面加not，意思是“太……而不……”。例如：Thelittlegirlisn’toldenoughtogotoschool.那个小女孩没有到上学的年龄。Theproblemisn’teasyenoughforhimtoworkout.问题太难了，他算不出来。二、句型转换A、与too…to…结构转换时，必须具备以下条件：（a)“be+形容词+enough+动词不定式”必须是否定结构。（b)“too…to…”结构必须用与前者相反的形容词。例如：1.Thelittlegirlisn’toldenoughtogotoschool.Thelittlegirlistooyoungtogotoschool.2.Theproblemisn’teasyenoughforhimtoworkout.Theproblemistoodifficultforhimtoworkout.B、与“it（形式主语）+be+adj.+of+sb.+动词不定式(真正主语)”结构的互换。例如：Sandyisgenerousenoughtobuyallofusnicepresents.ItisgenerousofSandytobuyallofusnicepresents.有时动词“be+形容词+enough+动词不定式”结构与“so…that…”结构也可以互相转换，但这两种句型转换时，必须注意以下两点：(a)如果前者的主语指物，转换成“so…that…”结构时，“so…that…”从句中必须用代词代替这个指物的名词。(b)如果两种句型都是否定结构的话，“so…that…”结构中so后面的形容词必须用与前者相反的形容词。例如：1.Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.Theboyissooldthathecangotoschool.2.Theproblemisn’teasyenoughforhimtoworkout.Theproblemissodifficultthathecan’tworkitout.【温馨提醒】“so…that…”结构可以与“such…that…”结构互换，但是“such…that…”结构不能与动词“be+adj.+enoughtodosth.”结构互换。[中考实战演练]写出同义句（每空一词）1.Theboxistooheavyforhimtocarry.（重庆市）Theboxisn’t________forhimtocarry.2.Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tswimacrosstheriver.（贵州省）Theboy_____old_____toswimacrosstheriver.3.Heissostrongthathecanlifttheheavybox.（河北省）Heis________tolifttheheavybox.4.Jackistooyoungtodresshimself.（山东省）Jackisnot________todresshimself.5.Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tlookafterhimself.（广东省）Theboyisnot________tolookafterhimself.Keys:1.lightenough2.isn’t,enough3.strongenough4.oldenough5.oldenough【易错易混辨析】：too…to和so…that句型辨析下面的句子可用两种方式表达IwassotiredthatIcouldn’tmove.or:Iwastootiredtomove.我累得不能动。故必须留意并熟记so与that配搭，而too是与to配搭的。此外，必须注意以下三点：第一要注意的是，这两句型所含的不同意义。“so…that”有”如此……，以至于……”而“too…to”则有“如此…...以至不……”的意思。因此在“too…to”后不须再有否定字眼，若加否定字眼，就有双重否定的情况出现。如：(×)Theboxistoosmallnottoholdallthesethings.(√)Theboxistoosmalltoholdallthesethings.其二要注意的是，虽然so与too都是用以表达形容词与副词和程度，但它们的结构却有别，请比较：so+adj.+that+Clauseadv.(从句)too+adj.+to+Infinitiveadv.(动词原形)e.g.(1)Helenspokesorapidlythatwecouldnotclearlyunderstandher.Helenspoketoorapidlyforustounderstand.(2)Markwassoangrythathecouldnotspeak.Markwastooangrytospeak.第三点，就是若“so…that…”句型中的从句中的主语与主句中的不同，改用“too…to…”句型表达时，我们可以将for+Noun/Pronoun结构用在to+infinitive之前。请看下面的分析：(1)Thequestionwassodifficultthatwecouldnotanswerit.(从句中的Subject为“we”，而主句的Subject为“Thequestion”。)=Thequestionwastoodifficultforustoanswer.(注意“it”不用写。)(2)Eddieransoquicklythatwecouldnotcatchupwithhim.(从句的Subject为“we”而主句中的Subject为“Eddie”。)=Eddierantooquicklyforustocatchup(注意“him”不用写。)艾迪跑得太快，我们都赶不上他。【中考点击】：so…that，too…to和enoughto之间的相互转换so…that,too…to和enoughto都是初中英语教材中的重要结构，在一定条件下它们可以相互转换，并经常成为中考考查的热点之一。先请看下面两道中考试题：1.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.Heis____________________that____________________gotoschool.2.Shewassoweakthatshecouldn’ttakecareofherbaby.Shewas__________weak__________takecareofherbaby.答案：1.soold;hecan2.too;to那么在什么情况下三者可以相互转换呢？一、so…that与too…to的转换当that引导的从句为否定式且从句主语与主句的主语相同时，so…that可转换为too…to结构；若从句主语与主句的主语不相同时，so…that可转换为too…forsb.to结构。例如：Sheissoyoungthatshecan’tgotoschool.＝Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.Theboxissoheavythathecan’tcarryit.＝Theboxistooheavyforhimtocarry.二、so…that与enoughto的转换1.当that引导的从句为肯定式时，若从句主语与主句主语相同时，so…that可转换为enoughto结构；若从句主语与主句主语不相同时，so…that可转换为enoughforsb.to结构。例如：XiaoLinissooldthathecangotoschool.＝XiaoLinisoldenoughtogotoschool.Theboxissolightthathecancarryit.＝Theboxislightenoughforhimtocarry.2.当that引导的从句为否定式时，若从句主语与主句主语相同时，so…that可转换为enoughto的否定结构；若从句主语与主句主语不相同时，so…that可转换为enoughforsb.to的否定结构。同时要注意，转换后的形容词（副词）要用其相应的反义词。例如：Themanissooldthathecan’tgotowork.＝Themanisn’tyoungenoughtogotowork.ThedeskissoheavythatIcan’tmoveit.＝Thedeskisn’tlightenoughformetomove.三、enoughto的句式为否定式时，enoughto可以转换为too…to结构。但转换后的too…to结构中的形容词（副词）要用其相应的反义词。例如：Heisnotoldenoughtodothework.＝Heistooyoungtodothework.Theproblemistoodifficultformetoworkout.＝Theproblemisn’teasyenoughformetoworkout.改写同义句，每空一词。1.Thebookisinterestingenoughforeverybodytoread.Thebookis__________interesting__________everybodylikestoreadit.2.Theboyissoshortthathecan’treachthebuttonsofthelift.Theboyis__________short____________________thebuttonsofthelift.Theboyisn’t________________________________________thebuttonsofthelift【答案】1.so;that 2.too;toreach;tallenoughtoreach能力拓展能力拓展完成句子1．苏炳添跑得很快，成为有资格进入奥运会男子100米决赛的第一位中国人。SuBingtianran________________________________thefirstChinesetoqualifyfortheOlympicmen’s100-metrefinal.2．箱子太重了，这个年轻人搬不动它。(完成译句)Theyoungman________strong________tomovetheheavybox.3．那个年轻人足够强壮，能搬得动这个重包。Theyoungmanis________

________________carrytheheavybag.4．这个办公室太吵了以至于无法成为一个良好的工作之地。Theofficeis____________beagoodplacetoworkin.5．我弟弟太小，不能清楚地表达自己。Myyoungerbrotheris______________________________________________.分层提分分层提分题组A能力提升练6．Isthegirl________asinger?A．goodenoughbecoming B．enoughgoodbecomingC．enoughgoodtobecome D．goodenoughtobecome7．Ifoundit_______toworkouttheproblem.Youneedn’tgototheteacher.A．enougheasy B．easilyenough C．easyenough D．veryeasily8．Huaweihasputsomuchintoresearch________ithasbecomeagreatcompanyintheworld.A．that B．while C．because D．as9．Heis________toreachtheapplesonthetree.A．highenough B．tallenough C．enoughhigh D．enoughtall10．Thepoolis________toswimin.A．deeplyenough B．enoughdeep C．deepenough11．—Weshouldn’tworryaboutMary.

—Youareright.Sheis________tolookafter________.A．enoughbig;her B．bigenough;herselfC．enoughold;her D．oldenough;herself12．Don’tworry.Heis________tolookafterlittleBetty.A．carefullyenough B．carefulenough C．enoughcareful D．enoughcarefully13．OurEnglishteachertakeseverything________andsheis________aboutourstudy.A．seriously;seriousenough B．seriously;enoughserious C．serious;seriousenough D．serious;enoughserious14．—Whatdoyouthinkofthelecture(演讲)ofBarackObama?—Ithinkit’s__________,butsomeonethinksit’smuchtoo__________.A．wonderfulenough;bored B．enoughwonderful;boringC．wonderfulenough;boring D．enoughwonderful;bored15．Mylittlebrotherisnot________togotoschool.A．youngenough B．enoughyoung C．oldenough D．enoughold题组B培优拔尖练16．Itisveryhottoday.Ithinkthewaterintheriveris________forus________.A．warmenough;swimming B．warmenough;toswim C．enoughwarm;toswim17．I’m________becauseIate________deliciousfood.A．enoughfull;toomuch B．fullenough;muchtoo C．enoughfull;muchtoo D．fullenough;toomuch18．—Howdoyougotoschool,bybikeorbycar?—Bybike.I’mnot________todrive.A．oldenough B．enoughold C．youngenough D．enoughyoung19．Mylittlesisteris6yearsoldnow.Sheis________togotoschool.A．enoughold B．oldenough C．youngenough20．Jackisnot________totakethetraintothecountrysidebyhimself,soIwillgowithhim.A．enoughold B．oldenough C．youngenough21．Tomthinksheis________,buthismotherstilldoesn’t