2025北京八十中高二12月月考英语试题及答案

高中2025北京八十中高二12月月考英语班级________姓名________考号________(考试时间60分钟满分100分)提示：试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。第一部分：知识运用(共两节，60分)第一节：完形填空(共10小题；每小题2分，共20分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Youmayhaveheardofthefamousworkplacecommunicationsoftware,Slack.ManycompaniesuseSlacktovirtuallycommunicateacrossteams.Whatmostpeopledon’tknowisthatSlack,despiteits____1____,wasnevermeanttoexist.Infact,thecompanywhodevelopedSlackactuallyhadbeenhopingtocreatethenextpopularvideogame.Butafterraisingmillionsofdollarstofundthegamedevelopment,thecompanyultimately____2____theprojectbecausethegamefailedtoattractenoughusers.The____3____goalofthecompanywasn’tachieved.However,duringtheprocessofcreatingtheirgame,somethingelsehappened.Theteamrealizedthatthe____4____systemtheycreatedtoaccompanythegamewasworthinvestingmoretimein.Andthey____5____toinventthecommunicationsystemideaforoneofthefastest-growingstartups(初创公司)inhistory,andSlackwasborn.Anoutcome-focusedcompanymighthavejustmovedonfromthefailedvideogameor,worse,continuedinvestingresources,riskingfurthernegativeoutcomes.But____6____,thiscompanydidn’tdothat.____7____,theyhadbeenpayingattentiontotheprocess.Focusingontheprocessallowedthiscompanyto____8____andredefinetheirdesiredoutcome.You’veprobablyheardaquoteortwoinyourlifeaboutthe____9____of“thejourney”—howoftenthejourneyismoresignificantandimpactfulthanthe_____10_____.ThecompanythatdevelopedSlackunderstoodthisprinciple,andbyfocusingontheprocessratherthantheoutcome,theywereabletoachievegreatersuccessthantheyfirsthadhopedfor.1.A.problem B.history C.success D.limitation2.A.tookdown B.shutdown C.cutdown D.passeddown3.A.immediate B.general C.real D.initial4.A.chat B.sign C.control D.power5.A.intended B.managed C.pretended D.promised6.A.luckily B.naturally C.likely D.hopefully7.A.Therefore B.Still C.Thus D.Instead8.A.predict B.achieve C.adapt D.watch9.A.origin B.challenge C.importance D.purpose10.A.distance B.destination C.determination D.direction第二节：词汇语法综合(共20小题：每题2分，共40分)选择方块中合适的词或词组填入句子中，注意使用其正确形式。wipeoutregularinvolveaffectbeatriskberelatedtodoone’spartsetoutconservationrecycle11.Awarenessisthefirststep;oncewerecognizetheproblem,wecan________tosolveit.12.Sixty-sixmillionyearsago,anasteroidhittheEarthand________thedinosaurs.13.Securitysituationhasworsenednoticeably,________people’sdailylives.14.________istheprotectionofplants,animalsandthenaturalworldfromhumanharm.15.Researchershaveshownthatbodymassindex(BMI)_________wagesandincome.16.ThemomentIgothome,I________todomyhomework.17.Thebestwaytovolunteeristoget________inactivitieswearepassionateabout.18.Seaturtles,polarbearsandgiantpandasarejustsomeofthethousandsofanimalsinthisworldthat________ofextinction.19.Ifmaterialscan’t________ornaturallycompostedathome,weshouldrejectthem.20.Ifyoudrinkcoffee________andthenstopsuddenly,youarelikelytogetcaffeinewithdrawal(戒断反应).A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Sophiededicatedhertimetocrafting“chemocomfortbags”forhospitalpatients.Shedecidedtobrightenthedaysofchemotherapypatientsshortlyafterknowing____21____thetreatmentwaslike.____22____thehelpfromherfamily,Sophiefilledeachbagwithitemsthatweremeanttoenhancecomfort,includingblankets,pillowsandcozysocks.Lastmonth,Sophieandherfamily____23____(donate)tencomfortbagstopatients.When____24____(ask)howitfelttoseethathercomfortbagsweremakingadifferenceinpeople’slives,Sophiesaid,“Itfeelssonice.”B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Recently,manywhodrinkmilkhaveswitchedtoplant-basedmilks____25____(come)fromalmonds,soyorrice.Andtheneweststaramongthemisoatmilk.Thiscreamy,deliciousdrinkmakescoffee,cereal,andbakedgoodstastedelicious.Anotherreasonforits____26____(popular)liesinitsbenefits.Oatmilkcontainsvitaminsandminerals.Italsohasfiber,whichcanhelptoreducetheriskofheartdisease.Itis____27____(cheap)tomakeandrequireslesswatertoproducethansomeotherplant-basedmilks.Somepeoplebelieveit’sanenvironmentally-friendlychoice.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Childrenareunwillingtoseekhelpinschoolbecausetheyfeelitmakesthemlookincompetent.However,iftheyareafraidtoaskforhelp,theirlearningexperience____28____(suffer).Howcanwehelpchildrenovercomethebarrier?First,teacherscouldcreateactivities____29____eachstudentbecomesan“expert”onadifferenttopic,andthenchildrenmustaskforhelptomasterallofthematerial.Ifseekinghelp____30____(understand)asacommonplaceclassroomactivity,kidsmaybelesslikelytothinkofitasanindicationofone’sability.第二部分：阅读理解(共11小题，每小题2分，共22分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWithallthedietaryinformationonline,itcanbehardtoknowwhattipstofollow.Watchoutforthesewordsandexpressions.FatIsGoodItdoesn’tmatterifyouarepartofthefatisGOODforyouorBADforyougroup,theimportantquestiontoaskisthesourceofthefat.Ifitcomesfromaland-basedanimal,andislikelytobesolidatroomtemperature,thenitissaturated(饱和的)fatwhereasifitcomesfromfishorplants,anditislikelytobeliquidatroomtemperature,thenitisunsaturatedfat.Alltheevidenceindicatesthateatingmoreunsaturatedfatthansaturatedfatlowersyourriskofdyingearly.NaturalSugarIsBetterThevastmajorityofsugarweconsumeissucrose(蔗糖).Itisthewhitepowderedstuffwecookwithandismadeupofglucoseandfructose.Howaboutsugarfromhoney?Itisoftenmarketedasnaturalandbetterforyou.Actually,itjusthasitsowndistinctflavour,butisassweetbecauseofglucoseandfructose.High-pHWaterSomepeoplethinkweneedtoeatalkali(碱)foodtomaintainourbloodatapHof7.4.Buteverythingweeatordrinkpassesthroughthestomach,which,atapHof1.5,isthemostacidicpartofthebody.ItisthenneutralisedtoapHof7.So,nothingweeatwillchangethepHofourblood.Don’tEatAnythingThatYouCan’tPronounceWhetherfoodsarenaturalorhighlyprocessed,theyareallfullofchemicals.Areyousupposedtofear“phenylthiocarbamide”,becauseyoucan’tpronounceit?Thisissimplythechemicalresponsibleforthebittertastefoundinbrassicas,theplantsinthecabbageandmustardfamily.Don’tEatFoodWithMoreThanFiveIngredients(佐料)Simplefoodsarenotnecessarilyhealthierforyou.IfI,forinstance,useChinesefivespicepowderinarecipe,thatwouldcountasoneofthefiveingredients.However,whatifIaddedthetypicalcomponentsoffivespicepowderseparatelyintoadish?Doesthatmeanmyrecipesuddenlybecomesbadbecauseithasmorethanfiveingredients?31.Accordingtothepassage,healthierfat______.A.canbefoundinfishandplants B.comesfromland-basedanimalsC.remainssolidatroomtemperature D.canlowerthedeathrateofelders32.Thepassagesuggeststhat______.A.dietscanhelpadjustthepHofourblood B.honeysugarcandomoregoodthansucroseC.foodswithmoreingredientsmaybeashealthy D.chemicalswecanrecognizearesafertotakein33.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tocomparetipsonfoodchoices. B.Tointroducedifferenthealthconcepts.C.Torecommendfitnessrecipestoreaders. D.Towarnusofsomedietarymisunderstandings.BMybirthwasalittlemoredramaticthanthestandardwayababyenterstheworld.Iwasbornmissingmylefthand.Indeed,mylimb(手臂)differencecouldhavebeenadisasterifithadn’tbeenforwhathappenednext.Anurseplacedmeinmymother’sarmsandinstructed,“Youwilltakeherhome.Youwillloveherandtreatherasnormal.”Thatisexactlywhathappened.Iplayedsports,actedintheater,excelledinschoolandhadplaydateswithfriends.WhileIdidgetsomestaresand“polite”questionsaboutmydisability,IwasluckybecauseIwasn’tmadefunofforit.However,thatfactthatIwasdifferenthitmehardmyfirstdayofhighschool.Iwas13,anagewhenkidsarealreadyveryself-consciousandtheneedtofitinisintensified.Irememberoneoftheotherkidsontheschoolbusstaredjustalittletoolongatmyleftarm.Ifeltasuddenurgetohidemyhand,soIslippeditintomypocket.ItoldmyselfthatI’djusthideitthatoneday,whileIwastryingtomakefriends.Butonedayofhidingturnedintoaweek,amonth,andyears—25ofthemtobeexact.WhenIwas38yearsold,tiredofhidingandlonely,Imetsomeonespecialandinvitedhimin.ThecombinationofmefinallyfeelingreadytounhideandhiswillingnesstogothroughtheunhidingprocesswithmewasexactlywhatIneeded.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Iallowedsomeonetoreallyholdmylimb,lookatit,touchit,loveit—loveme.Isawmylimbdifferenceassomethinguniqueaboutme,somethingthatshouldbeshown,nothidden.Itwasatransformationalexperience,andIlearnedtolovemetoo.ItchangedhowIlivedmyentirelifeandmademehappier.IalsodiscoveredandjoinedtheLuckyFinProject,anorganisationdevotedtopeoplewithalltypesofdisabilities.Hidingthings,especiallyfromlovedones,istiringandlonely,anditpreventsusfromgettinghelpandsupport.It’stimetochangethat.34.Whatwastheauthor’schildhoodlike?A.Shehadnosocialinteractionswithfriends.B.Shewasraisedwithcareandtreatednormally.C.Shefacedsomechallengesinschoolactivities.D.Shewasupsetabouttheattentiontoherdifference.35.Whathappenedtotheauthorwhenshewas13yearsold?A.Shebegantoignoreherdisability.B.Shesufferedprejudicefromsomekids.C.Shestartedhidingherselfawayfromfriends.D.Shebecamesensitiveduetoherself-awareness.36.Howdidtheauthorchangewhenshestoppedhiding?A.Shestartedtoopenupandbeherself.B.Shemetsomeonewhocuredherdisability.C.Shewasfedupwiththecompanyofothers.D.Shereducedinvolvementinthedisabilitygroup.37.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Misfortuneisagoodteacher.B.Disabilityisnotabarriertosuccess.C.Self-acceptancecanleadtoself-love.D.Nothingbeatsthefeelingofbeingloved.CMoveOver,SelfishGeneEvolutiontraditionallyhasaproblemwithnicepeople.Ifonlythefittestindividualssurvive,thenthosewhoarenicetoothersattheirownexpensewillsurelybeweededout.Yetcooperationiswidespreadinnature,fromplantsalertingeachothertodangertodolphinscooperatingtoroundupfish.Adecades-oldideacalledkinselectioncanexplainsomeofthis:iforganisms(生物)haveenoughDNAincommon,thentheycanfurthertheirownselfishgenesbyhelpingoneanother.Beesandantshaveasystemofreproductionwhichleavescolonymemberssocloselyrelatedthattheyactalmostasasinglesuper-organism.Andamonganysexuallyreproducingspecies,parentalcarehelpsindividualspassontheirgenes.Butkinselectioncannotexplainwhyhumansaresonicetostrangers.Oneideaisthatwehaveevolvedtobesuper-cooperativebecause,overtime,morecooperativegroupshaveoutcompetedlesscooperativeones.Buttheregenerallyisn’tenoughgeneticvariationbetweengroupstoallownaturalselectiontofavormorecooperativeones.Someresearchersthinkthesolutionliesinanideacalledculturalgroupselection.Forgetsharedgenes,theyargue.Selectioncanfavorcooperativegroupsifthepeoplewithinthemshareenoughculture.Theideaiscontroversialbecausetoworkitrequiresthatgroupsremainculturallydistinct.Ascriticspointout,peopletendtomigrate(迁移)betweengroups,whichshouldhomogenize(使同质化)ideasandcustoms.Thosewhobacktheconceptcounterthatgroupshavewaystomaintaintheirdistinctculture,includingaprocesscallednorm(准则)enforcement.Putsimply,ifsomeonemigratesintoanewculturalgroup,theyarepressuredintofollowingthelocalrulesbecausefailingtodosoleadstopunishment.Earlierthisyear,MathewandHandleyatArizonaStateUniversitypublishedastudytestingtheidea.Theysampled759peoplefromfourethnicgroupsinKenyawhocompeteintensivelyforland,waterandlivestock.Thepairestimatedthatgeneticdifferencesbetweenindividualsfromdifferentgroupswasgenerallylessthan15%.Culturalpracticesandbeliefsvariedmuchmore,by10%to20%.Peoplecooperatedmostwithmembersoftheirowngroup,asculturalgroupselectionpredicts,andtoalesserextentwithmembersofothergroupswhosenormsmostcloselymatchedtheirown.Thatmakessenseifcultureratherthangeneticsiswhatmatters.“Ithinkthisisoneofthemostexplicittestsofculturalgroupselectiontheorysofar,”saysMathew.Noteveryoneispersuaded.KrasnowatHarvardUniversityseesnotheoreticalflawwiththeidea,butsaysthatsomeofhisresearchunderminesit.Hehasfoundthatpeopledon’tjustenforcetheruleswithintheirgroup,butalsopunishpeoplefromothergroupswhofailtofollowtheirowngroup’snorms.Mathewcountersthatitisreasonabletoenforcethenormsonoutsidersasasteptowardsincorporating(使并入)themintoyourculturalgroup.“Thisisoftenhowempiresexpand,”shesays.38.Theexampleofbeesandantsisusedto________.A.highlightthesignificantroleofreproductionB.demonstratetheefficiencyofasuper-organismC.revealwhyparentscareabouttheirselfishgenesD.explainthecauseoforganismshelpingoneanother39.Fortheideaofculturalgroupselectiontowork,apre-conditionisthat________.A.cooperativegroupshavealargerchanceofsurvivalB.geneticvariationsinthesameculturalgrouparesmallC.culturaldifferencesareweakenedwithpeoplemigratingD.culturaldistinctivenesscanbepreservedwithcertainmethods40.Thetextisdevelopedmainlythrough________.A.sortinginformationintodifferenttopicsB.narratingeventsintimeorderC.presentingdoubtsandexploringanswersD.discussingsimilaritiesanddifferences41.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A.cultureplaysamoresignificantroleinchoosingcooperatorsB.beingselfishisofvitalimportanceforanindividualtosurviveC.Mathew’sstudyresultcontradictswhatculturalgroupselectionpredictsD.peoplejoininganewgroupwillbepunishedfornotkeepingtheirownculture第三部分：书面表达(18分)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。(共4小题；第42至43题每小题3分，第44题5分，第45题7分，共18分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Youmightnothaveheardofthe"freshstarteffect”,butifyou'veevermadeaNewYear'sresolution,you'refamiliarwithit.Itreferstothehumantendencytotakeactiontowardsachievingagoalafteraspecialoccasionorkeydatehaspassed.Thefreshstarteffectissimple.Mostpeoplewanttoimprovethemselvesinsomeway.Whenwehitimportantmilestones,we'reoftenlikelytoreflect:arewewherewethoughtwe'dbebyacertainage?Wasthisyearasuccessfulyear,ordidwewasteit?Annuallandmarkslikebirthdays,orthestartofanewyear,signifyanewtimeperiodandanopportunitytoleaveslip-upsbehindandtosetnewgoalsforbetterbehavior.Researchshowsthatanticipationofanewbeginningisakeymotivatorforthefreshstarteffect.Forexample,peopleaged29,39,49etc.were48%morelikelytorunamarathonforthefirsttime.Whentheywereapproachinganewdecade,theyweremorelikelytosearchformeaningintheirlivesandtrytoimprovethemselves.Thereasonissimple.Whenweseeourpastselfasseparatefromourcurrentself,wefeeliteasiertointroducenewgoalsandtakeaction.What'sinterestingaboutthefreshstarteffectisthatwedon'tneedtowaitforbigmilestonestotakeadvantageofthissuddendoseofmotivation.Studiesshowthatthefirstdayofeachmonthandeveneachweekcanalsoinspireus.Thesedays,knownastemporallandmarks”,encourageustostepbackandevaluateourcurrentsituation.Andwhenwedothis,wegainthemotivationtobebetter:webecomemoredrivenandmoreproductive.ThatiswhypeoplearemorelikelytostalldietsorexerciseplansonMonday,ratherthanthenextday.Freshstartsareexcitingopportunitiestolearnfromyourmistakesandmoveforward.Soifyou'recurrentlyexperiencinglossofmotivation,questioningthemeaningofyourwork,orjustfeellikeyou'restuckinarut,whydon'tyouusethefreshstarteffectinyourownlife?42.Accordingtothepassage,whatis"freshstarteffect"?43.Whyisitthatanticipationofanewbeginningisakeymotivatorforthefreshstarteffect?44.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>Afreshstartlikethefirstdayofeachweekisatimewhenweforgetaboutourmistakesandmoveforward.45.Besidesthefreshstarteffect,inwhatotherwaysdoyoumotivateyourselfinyourlife?(Inabout40words）

参考答案第一部分：知识运用(共两节，60分)第一节：完形填空(共10小题；每小题2分，共20分)【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A5.B6.A7.D8.C9.C10.B【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了职场沟通软件Slack的被创造的过程。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大多数人不知道的是，尽管Slack取得了成功，但它根本就不应该存在。A.problem问题；B.history历史；C.success成功；D.limitation限制。根据上文“Youmayhaveheardofthefamousworkplacecommunicationsoftware,Slack.ManycompaniesuseSlacktovirtuallycommunicateacrossteams.”可知，Slack取得了成功。故选C项。【2题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但在筹集了数百万美元用于游戏开发后，该公司最终关闭了该项目，因为游戏未能吸引到足够的用户。A.tookdown记下；B.shutdown关闭；C.cutdown砍到；D.passeddown传递。根据下文“becausethegamefailedtoattractenoughusers.”可知，该公司最终关闭了该项目。故选B项。【3题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：公司最初的目标没有实现。A.immediate立即的；B.general普遍的；C.real真的；D.initial开始的；最初的。根据上文“thecompanyultimately____2____theprojectbecausethegamefailedtoattractenoughusers.”可知，最初的目标未实现。故选D项。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该团队意识到他们为游戏创造的聊天系统值得投入更多时间。A.chat聊天；B.sign迹象；C.control控制；D.power权力。根据上文“famousworkplacecommunicationsoftware”可知，为游戏创造的聊天系统值得投入更多时间。故选A项。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们设法为历史上增长最快的初创公司之一发明了通信系统的想法，Slack就这样诞生了。A.intended打算；B.managed管理，设法；C.pretended假装；D.promised承诺。根据上文“Theteamrealizedthatthe____4____systemtheycreatedtoaccompanythegamewasworthinvestingmoretimein.”可知，他们一直在设法致力于研发。故选B项。【6题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但幸运的是，这家公司没有这么做。A.luckily幸运地；B.naturally自然地；C.likely可能地；D.hopefully有希望地。根据下文“thiscompanydidn’tdothat.”可知，幸运的是，这家公司没有这么做。故选A项。【7题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们一直在关注这个过程。A.Therefore因此；B.Still仍然；C.Thus因此；D.Instead而不是。根据下文“theyhadbeenpayingattentiontotheprocess.”可知，相反，他们一直在关注这个过程。根据故选D项。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：专注于过程使这家公司能够适应并重新定义他们想要的结果。A.predict预测；B.achieve完成；C.adapt适应；D.watch看。根据下文“redefinetheirdesiredoutcome.”可知，这家公司能够适应并重新定义他们想要的结果。故选C项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在你的生活中，你可能听过一两句关于“过程”的重要性的话——过程往往比目的地更重要、更有影响力。A.origin起源；B.challenge挑战；C.importance重要性；D.purpose目的。根据下文“moresignificant”可知，“过程”很重要。故选C项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在你的生活中，你可能听过一两句关于“过程”的重要性的话——过程往往比目的地更重要、更有影响力。A.distance距离；B.destination目的地；C.determination决心；D.direction方向。原目标是开发游戏，但是最终结果却失败了，但却专注于过程，结果职场沟通软件Slack就这么诞生了，所以过程往往比目的地更重要、更有影响力。故选B项。第二节：词汇语法综合(共20小题：每题2分，共40分)【答案】11.doourpart12.wipedout13.affecting14.Conservation15.isrelatedto16.setout17.involved18.areatrisk19.berecycled20.regularly【11题详解】考查动词短语。句意：意识是第一步；一旦我们认识到问题，就可以尽我们自己的一份力来解决它。空格处为谓语动词部分，doone’spart.意为“尽自己的一份力”，符合句意，且情态动词can后接动词原形，主语we。故填doourpart。【12题详解】考查动词。句意：六千六百万年前，一颗小行星撞击地球，导致恐龙灭绝。空格处为谓语动词，wipeout“消灭；使灭绝”为动词，符合句意，且根据前文“Sixty-sixmillionyearsago”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填wipedout。【13题详解】考查动词。句意：安全局势明显恶化，影响了人们的日常生活。空格处为非谓语动词，affect“影响”为动词，其现在分词affecting作结果状语，符合句意。故填affecting。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：保护是指保护植物、动物和自然界免受人类伤害。根据后文“istheprotectionofplants,animalsandthenaturalworldfromhumanharm”可知，空格处应填名词作主语，conservation“保护”为名词，符合句意，且位于句首，首字母大写。故填Conservation。【15题详解】考查动词短语。句意：研究人员表明，身体质量指数（BMI）与工资和收入有关。空格处为谓语动词部分，berelatedto“与……有关”为动词短语，符合句意，且主语bodymassindex(BMI)为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填isrelatedto。【16题详解】考查动词短语。句意：我一到家就开始做作业。空格处为谓语动词部分，setout“开始做某事，着手做某事”，这里表示“开始做作业”，且根据前文“ThemomentIgothome”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填setout。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：做志愿者的最好方式是参与我们热衷的活动。空格处为非谓语动词，getinvolvedin“参与”为动词短语，符合句意，其中involved为过去分词作表语。故填involved。【18题详解】考查固定短语。句意：海龟、北极熊和大熊猫只是世界上数千种濒临灭绝危险的动物中的一部分。根据后文“ofextinction”可知，空格处应填固定短语beatriskof“有……的危险”，符合句意，且主语that代指先行词animals为复数，be动词用are。故填areatrisk。【19题详解】考查动词。句意：如果材料不能在家里回收或自然堆肥，我们应该拒绝它们。空格处为谓语动词，recycle“回收利用”为动词，和主语之间是被动关系，用被动语态，且情态动词can't后接动词原形。故填berecycled。【20题详解】考查副词。句意：如果你经常喝咖啡，然后突然停止，你很可能会出现咖啡因戒断反应。空格处应为句子的修饰成分，副词regularly“定期地；经常地”，修饰动词drink，作状语，符合句意。故填regularly。【答案】21.what22.With23.donated24.asked【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了苏菲为需要化疗的患者制作“化疗舒适袋”的故事。【21题详解】考查连词。句意：在了解了化疗是什么样子之后不久，她决定让化疗患者的日子变得更加美好。分析句子结构，空处引导宾语从句，作动词knowing的宾语，从句中缺少like的宾语，表示“什么”，应用what引导从句。故填what。【22题详解】考查介词。句意：在家人的帮助下，苏菲在每个袋子里装满了旨在提高舒适度的物品，包括毯子、枕头和舒适的袜子。结合语意，空处应用介词with，构成短语withthehelpfromsb.，表示“在某人的帮助下”。故填With。【23题详解】考查时态。句意：上个月，苏菲和她的家人向病人捐赠了十个舒适袋。根据时间状语lastmonth可知，动作发生在过去，句子应用一般过去时，且与主语是主动关系。故填donated。【24题详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及看到她的舒适袋改变了人们的生活，她感觉如何时，苏菲说：“感觉真好。”结合语意，苏菲被别人询问感觉如何，从句为WhenSophiewasaskedhowitfelttoseethathercomfortbagsweremakingadifferenceinpeople’slives，分析句子结构，When引导时间状语从句，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词，所以从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填asked。【答案】25.coming26.popularity27.cheaper【导语】这是一篇说明文。最近，许多喝牛奶的人已经改用杏仁、大豆或大米制成的植物性牛奶。其中最新的明星是燕麦牛奶。文章介绍了燕麦牛奶的好处。【25题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，许多喝牛奶的人已经改用杏仁、大豆或大米制成的植物性牛奶。分析句子结构可知come在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语milks构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填coming。【26题详解】考查名词。句意：它受欢迎的另一个原因是它的好处。此处作宾语，表示“受欢迎”应用名词popularity，故填popularity。【27题详解】考查比较级。句意：与其他植物性牛奶相比，它的制作成本更低，需要的水也更少。根据后文“thansomeotherplant-basedmilks”可知应用比较级。故填cheaper。【答案】28.willsuffer29.where30.isunderstood【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了孩子们不愿意在学校里寻求帮助的原因以及解决方法。【28题详解】考查时态。句意：然而，如果他们害怕寻求帮助，他们的学习经历就会受到影响。if引导条件状语从句时，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句使用一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时，空处为主句谓语，应用willsuffer。故填willsuffer。【29题详解】考查定语从句。句意：首先，教师可以创建活动，在活动中每个学生成为不同主题的“专家”，然后孩子们必须寻求帮助才能掌握所有材料。分析句子结构，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词activities，定语从句中缺少状语，表示“在活动中”，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。【30题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：如果寻求帮助被理解为一种普通的课堂活动，那么孩子们就不太可能认为它是一个人能力的体现。if引导的条件状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来，且understand与主语seekinghelp之间是被动关系，空处应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语seekinghelp为动名词短语，be动词应用is。故填isunderstood。第二部分：阅读理解(共11小题，每小题2分，共22分)【答案】31.A32.C33.D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要是对一些常见的饮食相关的说法进行了分析和解释，以帮助人们更好地理解和选择饮食。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Ifitcomesfromaland-basedanimal,andislikelytobesolidatroomtemperature,thenitissaturated(饱和的)fatwhereasifitcomesfromfishorplants,anditislikelytobeliquidatroomtemperature,thenitisunsaturatedfat.Alltheevidenceindicatesthateatingmoreunsaturatedfatthansaturatedfatlowersyourriskofdyingearly.(如果它来自陆生动物，在室温下很可能是固体，那么它就是饱和脂肪；如果它来自鱼类或植物，在室温下很可能是液体，那么它就是不饱和脂肪。所有证据都表明，摄入更多的不饱和脂肪比摄入更多的饱和脂肪能降低早逝的风险)”可知，鱼类和植物中含有更健康的脂肪。故选A。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Simplefoodsarenotnecessarilyhealthierforyou.IfI,forinstance,useChinesefivespicepowderinarecipe,thatwouldcountasoneofthefiveingredients.However,whatifIaddedthetypicalcomponentsoffivespicepowderseparatelyintoadish?Doesthatmeanmyrecipesuddenlybecomesbadbecauseithasmorethanfiveingredients?(简单的食物不一定对你更健康。例如，如果我在菜谱中使用了中国的五香粉，它就会被算作五种配料之一。然而，如果我把五种香料粉的典型成分分别加入到一道菜中呢？这是否意味着我的食谱突然变坏了，因为它含有超过五种原料？)”可推知，含有更多佐料的食物可能也一样健康，故选C。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据文章主要讲了一些关于饮食的常见误解，如脂肪的好坏、天然糖是否更好、高pH值水是否更好、以及佐料多的食物是否不好，目的是提醒人们注意这些饮食方面的误解，故选D。【答案】34.B35.D36.A37.C【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者生来残疾，小时候被好好照顾，直到中学时自我意识觉醒对周围的目光变得敏感，将自己隐藏起来，到38岁时决定敞开做自己，不再隐藏，接收自己的不完美。作者意识到只有自我接纳，才能好好爱自己。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Indeed,mylimbdifferencecouldhavebeenadisasterifithadn’tbeenforwhathappenednext.Anurseplacedmeinmymother’sarmsandinstructed,“Youwilltakeherhome.Youwillloveherandtreatherasnormal.”(事实上，如果没有接下来发生的事情，我的肢体差异可能是一场灾难。一位护士把我放在母亲的怀里，嘱咐我说:“你带她回家。你会爱她，像对待正常人一样对待她。”)”及第二段“Thatisexactlywhathappened.Iplayedsports,actedintheater,excelledinschoolandhadplaydateswithfriends.WhileIdidgetsomestaresand“polite”questionsaboutmydisability,IwasluckybecauseIwasn’tmadefunofforit.(事实正是如此。我参加体育运动，在剧院表演，在学校表现优异，和朋友一起玩。虽然我确实得到了一些关于我的残疾的凝视和“礼貌”的问题，但我很幸运，因为我没有因此而被取笑)”可知，作者虽然天生残疾，但是在童年时代受到了精心照料，受到正常的对待。故选B。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Iwas13,anagewhenkidsarealreadyveryself-consciousandtheneedtofitinisintensified.Irememberoneoftheotherkidsontheschoolbusstaredjustalittletoolongatmyleftarm.Ifeltasuddenurgetohidemyhand,soIslippeditintomypocket.(我13岁，这个年纪的孩子已经很有自我意识了，融入社会的需求也越来越强烈。我记得校车上的一个孩子盯着我的左臂看了太久。我突然有一种想把手藏起来的冲动，于是我把它塞进了口袋)”可知，当作者13岁的时候，由于有了自我意识，作者对于周围的目光十分敏感。故选D。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“ThecombinationofmefinallyfeelingreadytounhideandhiswillingnesstogothroughtheunhidingprocesswithmewasexactlywhatIneeded.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Iallowedsomeonetoreallyholdmylimb,lookatit,touchit,loveit—loveme.Isawmylimbdifferenceassomethinguniqueaboutme,somethingthatshouldbeshown,nothidden.(我终于觉得自己准备好了袒露自己，而他愿意和我一起经历袒露的过程，这正是我所需要的。这是我人生中第一次，我允许别人真正地握住我的胳膊，看它，摸它，爱它——爱我。我认为我的肢体差异是我的独特之处，应该被展示出来，而不是被隐藏起来)”可知，当作者停止隐藏时，她开始敞开心扉，做自己。故选A。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据全文内容，作者生来残疾，小时候被好好照顾，直到中学时自我意识觉醒对周围的目光变得敏感，将自己隐藏起来，到38岁时决定敞开做自己，不再隐藏，接收自己的不完美，结合倒数第二段“Itwasatransformationalexperience,andIlearnedtolovemetoo.(这是一次转变的经历，我也学会了爱自己)”及最后一段“Hidingthings,especiallyfromlovedones,istiringandlonely,anditpreventsusfromgettinghelpandsupport.(隐藏事情，尤其是对所爱的人，是很累和孤独的，它阻止我们得到帮助和支持)”可推知，作者在成长过程中感悟到了，接收自己才能爱自己。由此推知，从文章中我们知道了“自我接纳会导致自爱”。故选C。【答案】38.D39.D40.C41.A【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过提出疑问和探索答案来阐述文化在选择合作者时起着更重要的作用的观点。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Adecades-oldideacalledkinselectioncanexplainsomeofthis:iforganisms(生物)haveenoughDNAincomm