【名师教与练】Unit 4 第2课时 Reading and Thinking（分层作业）-2022-2023学年高一英语同步备课系列人教版2019必修第一册

Unit4ReadingandThinking习题检测基础知识自测一、根据汉语意思填写单词1．SoIwouldneedoxygentanksplacedonmybacksoIcould____________(呼吸)allthetime.2．She_____(遭受，忍受)fromloneliness,butshehadtolearntolikeitthere.3．Iquestionthe___________(明智)ofgivingachildsomuchmoney.4．___________(埋头于)intheattractivestory,hedidn’tnoticehisteacherstaringathim.5．Governmentorganizedrescueteamstodigoutthosewhowere_________(困住)intheearthquake.6．Infifteensecondsalargecitylayin___________(废墟)7．Thenumberoffamiliesseekingfoodsuppliesroseby12________(百分比).二、用单词的适当形式完成句子8．Withthequakeshakingthetown,somepeopleranupanddownwhileotherswho__________(trap)inthebuildingswerelookingoutoftheirwindowsforhelp.9．Hewassittingwithhishead____________(bury)inabook.10．Thecancer________（suffer）receivedmanylettersofsupportfromhisfriendsandrelatives.11．Thehurricanehascausedterrible________(suffer)tothelocalpeople.12．Themanissuffering_______ahorriblepainintheleg.13．Peoplewere_________(shock)toseethatthelittlegirlwasoftenbeatenbyherstepmother.The________(shock)news_______(shock)allthepeoplearound,whichwasalsoashocktoherfatherwhowasworkingabroad.14．Whenyouarepanickedorfrightened,youmayhavedifficulty________(breathe).15．Whenfeelingstressed,mostpeopletend_________(breathe)short,shallowbreaths.16．Hisfamilybusinesswas________(ruin)intheGreatDepressionoftheearly1930s.17．Yearsoffightinghaveleftthearea________ruins.18．HetalksaboutRomeasifhe________(be)therebefore.19．Wehavetowaituntilthediscussionbetweenthemcomes________anend.20．Ofthesixpeopleinjuredintheterribleaccident,onlytwo________(survive).学科素养提升三、阅读理解A（2021·浙江·效实中学高一期中）Onthedaythetornadohit,therewasnosignthatthefierceweatherwasonitsway—theskywasblueandthesunhadbeenout.Thefirstwarningmyhusband,Jimmy,67,andI,65,gotcamearound9p.m.,fromsometextontheTVJimmywaswatching.Heranupstairstofindmeinourthird-floorbedroom,andwechangedthechannelfromthenationaltelevisiontoourlocalPensacola,Florida,station.Soonthetornadowasontopofus.ItwastheloudestthingIhadeverheard.Thehouseshook,andthepowerwentout.Andthewindbegantoroar(咆哮)throughthehouse,mostlikelythroughwindowsandthedoortoourgarage.Everythingwasmoving.Andthebackwallofthehousecameoffandflewintothedarknessoutside.Wehadthreeflightsofstepstogettothestoreroomdownthere,therelativesafetyofthefirstfloor.Ididn'tknowhoworifwewouldmakeitdownthesteps.Itfeltasiftherewasnofloorasthewindliftedmeoffmyfeet.Aswefinallyreachedthelastflightofsteps,ourfrontdoorblewopen.Suddenly,athree-foot-longtreebranch(树枝)flewoverourheads,missingusbyinches.BythetimeIreachedthestoreroom,thetornadohadbeenoverusforaboutaminute,Jimmypushedmedowntothestoreroomfloor,buthecouldn'tgetinsidehimselfbecauseofthewind.IheldJimmy'sarmasthetornadoblewthedooropen.Mykneeswerefullofglass,butIfeltnopain.IfIhadletgo,Jimmywouldhaveflownrightoutofthehouse.Allofasudden,Jimmyliftedoffhisfeet.Ithoughthewasgone.Andtheneverythingstopped.Helandedonhisfeet.Inthosefirstquietmoments,Icouldn'tbelieveitwasover.Ourneighborsaidthestormlastedfourminutes.Inthattime,fourofthetwelvetownhousesinourunitwerecompletelydestroyed.Luckily,noneofuswereseriouslyinjured.21．Wheredidthecouplelearnaboutthecomingfierceweather?A．Fromthedarksky.B．Fromtheradiostation.C．FromthenewsreportonTV.D．Fromthetextsentbytheirneighbors.22．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2aboutthecouple?A．Theyhadnoplacetohide.B．Theytriedtogetoutofthehouse.C．Theirgaragewasblownintopieces.D．Theirhousewasbadlydestroyed.23．WhatdoweknowaboutJimmywhentheauthorreachedthestoreroom?A．Hewasingreatdanger.B．Heflewoutofthehouse.C．Hewasseriouslyinjured.D．Hegotinsidethestoreroom.24．Whatisthebesttitleofthistext?A．ThetornadohittingFloridaB．AcouplestoppingadisasterC．ThewindroaringthroughthehouseD．AcouplekeepingalivefromadisasterBNaturaldisasterstakemanydifferentformsandcanhappenwithoutwarning.Earthquakes,floods,volcanoes,droughts,typhoons,andhurricanesareallnaturaldisasters.Theearthquakeof26December2004resultedinoneoftheworstnaturaldisastersinlivingmemory.ItwasamassiveunderwaterquakeandoccurredintheIndianOcean.Thiscausedahugetsunami（海啸）tocrosstheIndianOcean.Itdestroyedcoastlinesandcommunitiesandbroughtdeathanddestructiontomanypeople.Thesurvivorsneededfreshwater,foodandshelteraswellasmedicalhelp.Peoplefromallovertheworldgavemoney.ThesurfaceoftheEarthhasnotalwayslookedasitdoestoday;itismovingcontinuously（althoughveryslowly）andhasdonesoforbillionsofyears.Thisisonecauseofearthquakes,whenonesectionoftheEarthcrasheswithanother.Scientistscanpredictwherethismighthappenandtheareabetweenplatesiscalledafaultline.However,earthquakesdonotalwayshappenonFaultlines,whichiswhytheyaresodangerousandunpredictable.Allthedisastersareverydangerousandcontinuetokillthousandsofpeopleeachyear,buttheyarenowherenearthemostdangerousdisastertoeverhappenonearth.Onetypeofeventintheearth'shistoryhasregularlykilledmillionsofbeings:asteroid（小行星）impacts（撞击）.AboutonceeverymillionyearstheEarthishitbyapieceofrockandicefromspacelargeenoughtocausemassivedestruction（includingearthquakes,volcanoesandiceages）andsometimestokillentirespecies.Sixty-fivemillionyearsagomorethanhalftheearth'sspecieswerekilledbysuchadisaster,includingallthedinosaurs（恐龙）.DisastersontheEarthmayseemdangerous,butthebiggestthreattohumansislikelytocomefromspace.25．WhatdidtheworlddowhenthetsunamioccurredintheIndianOcean?A．Theygaveawaymoneytothebeggars.B．Theysponsoredtohelpthepeoplesurvive.C．Theydonatedtheirpossessionstothesurvivors.D．Theyhelpedrebuildthecoastlinesandcommunities.26．Whatcanscientistspredictaboutearthquakes?A．Thepossibletime. B．Thepossibleclimate.C．Thepossibleplace. D．Thepossiblefrequence.27．WhichisthebestheadingthatmatchesParagraph3?A．Whatdoearthquakesdestroy? B．Whydoearthquakeshappen?C．Howcanwepreventearthquakes? D．Whichisthemostdangerousnaturaldisaster?28．Wheredoestheauthorthinkthemostdangerousnaturaldisasterwillcomefrom?A．Space. B．Earth. C．Humans. D．Wildanimals.四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Somecountrieshavealargenumber____29____earthquakesandJapanisoneofthem,whileothersdonothavesomanyearthquakes.Forexample,therearefewearthquakesinBritainEarthquakesare____30____(frighten)whentheybreakout.Thereisoftenagreatnoiseduring____31____earthquake.Thegroundshakes.Housesfalldown.Railwaysaredestroyed,____32____causestrainstorunoff.Sometimesthousandsofpeople____33____(injure)indifferentways.About60,000peoplewerekilledintheearthquakein1783inthesouthofItaly.Somepeoplesaythatearthquakesoftenhap-pennearvolcanoes(火山),butthisisnottrue.The____34____(centre)ofsomeearthquakesareunderthesea.Thebottomoftheseasuddenlymoves.The____35____(power)forcesinsidetheearthbreaktherocks.Thecoastisshakenandgreatwavesappear.Thesewavestravellongdistancesandrushoverthelandwhentheyreachit,breakingdownhousesandotherbuildings,evenmorethantheearthquake____36____(it).Whatkindofbuildingstaysupbestinanearthquake?TheAmericanscare-fullystudiedtheresultsoftheearthquakeatSanFranciscoand____37____(believe)itisbestforbuildingstobemadewithconcrete(水泥)wallsheldtogetherbysteelframes(钢筋框架).Suchbuildingswon'tburnorfall_____38_____(easy).参考答案：1．breathe【详解】考查动词。句意：所以我需要把背着氧气罐，这样我就可以一直呼吸。情态动词could后接动词原形。动词breathe(呼吸)符合句意。故填breathe。2．suffered【详解】考查动词时态。句意：她遭受孤独的痛苦，但是她必须学会喜欢在那里。根据汉语提示“遭受，忍受”可知，此处为动词suffer，根据后面的hadto可知，句子用一般过去时态，故填suffered。3．wisdom【详解】考查名词。句意：我怀疑给孩子这么多钱是否明智。空处应填名词作宾语，结合汉语提示可知，wisdom明智，智慧，不可数名词。故填wisdom。4．Buried【详解】考查过去分词。句意：埋头这个迷人的故事，他没有注意到他的老师盯着他看。根据句意和汉语提示用bury“埋葬；把……埋进……”，beburiedin“埋头于”，bury与逻辑主语he是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，故填Buried。5．trapped【详解】考查被动语态。句意：政府组织了救援队把被困在地震中的人挖出来。根据所提示的汉语“困住”为“trap”，结合句意为动词的被动语态，空处需填过去分词。故填trapped。6．ruins【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：一座大城市在15秒内就成了废墟。inruins是固定搭配，表示“成为废墟”，故填ruins。7．percent【详解】考查名词。句意：寻求食物供应的家庭增加了12%。根据所给出汉语提示并结合前文“roseby________(上升了……)”语境可知，应是名词“percent”，与空前“12”结合，构成“12percent(百分之十二)”作介词“by”的宾语。故填percent。8．weretrapped【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：随着地震震动着城镇，一些人跑来跑去，而其他被困在建筑物中的人则从窗户向外寻求帮助。分析句子可知，此处应填动词作谓语，与主语who之间是被动关系，who指代先行词others，意为“其他人”，为复数形式，结合语意可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态结构，此处意为“被困”，应用weretrapped。故填weretrapped。9．buried【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他坐在那里埋头看书。句中was为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。beburiedin“埋头于”，是固定搭配，此处作状语，应省略be。故填buried。10．sufferer【详解】考查名词。句意：这位癌症患者收到了许多亲友的支持信。空格后是谓语动词receive，因此得出空格应该使用suffer的名词形式作主语，结合句意，应表示“癌症患者”。故填sufferer。11．suffering【详解】考查名词。句意：飓风给当地人民造成了可怕的灾难。分析句式结构再根据terrible可知，此处应该用名词作宾语，所以此处应该用提示词的名词形式suffering符合题意。故填suffering。12．from【详解】考查介词。句意：这个人的腿疼得厉害。sufferfrom遭受，受……之苦，固定短语。故填from。13．

shocked

shocking

shocked【详解】考查形容词，动词和时态。句意：人们看到这个小女孩经常被继母殴打，感到震惊。这个令人震惊的消息震惊了周围的所有人，这对她在国外工作的父亲也是一件震惊的事。v-ing形式的形容词表示“感到……”；常用来修饰人，v-ed形式的形容词表示“令人……”，常用来修饰物。所以第一空用shocked表示“感到吃惊的”作表语；第二空用shocking表示“令人震惊的”作定语，修饰名词news；第三空在句中作谓语动词，结合后文定语从句中的was，可知句子时态是一般过去时，动词使用过去式shocked。故填①shocked②shocking③shocked。14．breathing【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你惊慌或害怕时，你可能会呼吸困难。分析句子，havedifficultyindoingsth为固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”。该短语中in可以省略，后面需接动名词作宾语。breathe为动词，意为“呼吸”，故填breathing。15．tobreathe【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当感到压力时，大多数人往往会呼吸困难、短促。tendtodosth.为固定搭配，意为“往往会”，不定式作宾语。故填tobreathe。16．ruined【详解】考查被动语态。句意：他的家族企业在20世纪30年代初的经济大萧条中破产了。分析句子可知，“ruin”意为“使破产”，动词词性，“familybusiness”和“ruin”为被动关系，故句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，空格处应用“ruin”的过去分词“ruined”。故填ruined。17．in【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：多年的斗争让这片地区成为废墟。inruins，意为“一片废墟”，是一个固定搭配。故填in。18．hadbeen【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他说起罗马好像他以前去过似的。分析句子可知，此句asif引导的从句使用的是虚拟语气，此处表示的是与过去事实相反的事情，故用过去完成时。故填hadbeen。19．to【详解】考查介词和固定搭配。句意：我们必须等到他们之间的讨论结束。cometoanend意为“结束”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用介词to。故填to。20．survived【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在那次可怕的事故中受伤的六人中，只有两个人幸存下来。根据语境，描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填survived。21．C

22．D

23．A

24．D【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和丈夫遭遇龙卷风的袭击，不离不弃相互扶持，最终幸运存活下来，并且都没有受伤的故事。21．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thefirstwarning...fromsometextontheTVJimmywaswatching”可知，作者和丈夫是从电视上的新闻报道中得知龙卷风的消息的，故选C。22．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Andthebackwallofthehousecameoffandflewintothedarknessoutside.(房子的后墙掉了下来，飞进了外面的黑暗中。)”可知，他们的房子损坏严重，故选D。23．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“IfIhadletgo,Jimmywouldhaveflownrightoutofthehouse.(如果我放手，Jimmy就会飞出家门。)”可知，Jimmy差点被吹飞了，因此，Jimmy处于危险之中，故选A。24．主旨大意题。根据首句“Onthedaythetornadohit,therewasnosignthatthefierceweatherwasonitsway—theskywasblueandthesunhadbeenout.(龙卷风来袭的那天，没有迹象表明恶劣的天气即将来临——天空是蓝色的，太阳已经出来了。)”及全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者和丈夫遭遇龙卷风的袭击，不离不弃相互扶持，最终幸运存活下来的故事。“一对从灾难中幸存下来的夫妇”最适合作文章标题。故选D。25．B

26．C

27．B

28．A【分析】这是一篇科普说明文。文章通过讲述2004年12月26日发生在印度洋底的地震以及其产生的海啸，说明自然灾害在不知情的情况下会以不同的方式发生；另外讲述了为什么地震如此危险和不可预测的科学原理；接下来讲述6500万年前发生的恐龙大灭绝事件告诉我们所有这些自然灾害发生产生的结果是灾难性的，但对我们人类威胁最大最具灾难性的是太空来物。25．细节理解题。通过审题定位于第二段末尾：Thesurvivorsneededfreshwater,foodandshelteraswellasmedicalhelp.Peoplefromallovertheworldgavemoney.幸存者需要新鲜的水，食物和帐篷，同时需要医疗救援。来自于全世界的人们都捐款了。从这里可以看出他们的幸存靠的是全世界人的捐助和援助。这里sponsor是支援，赞助的意思，取其转义，捐助。因此B选项：Theysponsoredtohelpthepeoplesurvive.“他们捐助以帮助那里的人生存下来。”切合文意。故选B。26．细节理解题。审题得知：科学家可以预测地震的什么。定位于：Scientistscanpredictwherethismighthappenandtheareabetweenplatesiscalledafaultline.科学家能预测哪里可能发生这些地震……。故C选项：thepossibleplace切合文意。故选C。27．推理判断题。审题得知，第三段最佳标题是什么。浏览信息得知：Thisisonecauseofearthquakes,whenonesectionoftheEarthcrashes