2026年广东梅州市高三一模高考英语试卷试题（答案详解）

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页试卷类型：A梅州市高三总复习质检试卷英语(2026.3)本试卷共8页。满分120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.本试卷由三个部分组成。其中，第二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。2.答卷前，考生务必用2B铅笔在“考生号”处填涂考生号。用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己所在的县(市、区)、学校、班级以及自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。3.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;作答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheBestMoviesofthePastYearsCityLightsThelastsceneof“CityLights”isjustlyfamousasoneofthegreatemotionalmomentsinthemovies;thegirl,whosesighthasbeenrestoredbyanoperationpaidforbytheTrampnowseeshim.TheTrampguessedcorrectly:Shehasagoodheart,andisabletoaccepthimashimself.LikemanyofChaplin’sprojects,theproductionofthefilmwasfullofhumor.BicycleThievesTherearefewgreaterfilm-watchingexperiencesthanBicycleThieves.OnAntonio’sfirstdayofwork,hisbicycleisstolen,andheandhisyoungsonBrunosetouttogetitback,aquestofdesperationandneedthatatfirststrengthensthefather-sonbond,beforenearlytearingitapart.Whatisevenmoreimpressiveisthatthedirectorusednostudiosets—allofthesettingsarereal-lifelocationsinRome.TheDiaryofAnneFrankDuringWorldWarII,inHollandunderNazicontrol,ashopkeeperandhiswifedecidetohidetheFrankandVanDaanfamiliesinasecretroombehindtheirstore.Formorethantwoyears,theystayhidden,alwaysafraidandunabletogooutsidebecauseofthedangerfromtheNazis.Inherdiary,shetalksaboutherfeelings,likehopeandsadness,andhowpeopleconnectwitheachotherinsuchadifficultsituation.TheNightoftheShootingStarsThemovie,setinTuscany,followsagroupofcitizenswholeavetheirvillagejustbeforetheirhousesaresettobeblownupbytheNazis(纳粹).Thestoryistoldthroughtheeyesofsix-year-oldCecilia,whoseestheeventasagreatadventure.Themovieisamixtureofcomedy,fantasyandsorrowfuldrama.1．WhattypeoffilmmightCityLights?A．History. B．Comedy. C．Adventure. D．Sciencefiction.2．WhichaspectofBicycleThievesmightimpresstheaudiencesmost?A．Itsfilmingspots. B．Itsspecialeffects.C．Itsexcellentactors. D．Itsexcitingplot.3．WhatdoTheDiaryofAnneFrankandTheNightoftheShootingStarshaveincommon?A．Theyareofthesametype. B．Theyhaveelementsofcomedy.C．Theyinvolvetheinfluenceofwars. D．Theyhavethesameshootingangle.BMr.Johnson,ahighschoolhistoryteacher,hadlongnoticedaworryingtrendinhisclassroom.Whilehisstudentscouldcarefullyrememberdates,namesandeventsforexams,theyalwaysfailedtounderstandthehumansideofhistory.Tothem,thepastseemedafixedsetoffacts,withoutemotion,struggleorpersonalmeaning.Wantingtofixthisgap,Mr.Johnsondecidedtocompletelychangehisteachingwayinthemiddleofthesemester,tradingatraditionalresearchreportforastory-writingtask.Heaskedhisstudentstopickahistoricalfigureandwriteadetailedstoryfromthatperson’sownpointofview.Thetaskwasconfusingatfirst,butsoontheclassroomwasfullofactivequestionsanddiscussion.OnestudentlearneddeeplyaboutthelifeofayoungsoldierinWorldWarI,writingasadandmovingstoryofthemud,fearandfragilefriendshipinthetrenchlines.AnothertoldthestoryofafemalescholarfromtheRenaissance,makingupataleofherloveforlearningbeingheldbackbysocialrules.Thethoroughresearchandcreativecareforhowthefigurefeltthatthestudentsshowedwasamazing.Mr.Johnsonwassurprisedbythebigchangeinhisstudents.Theessayshegotwerenotjustcorrect;theywerefullofrealfeelingsandaclearunderstandingofpeople’sthoughts.Thestudentshadstoppedjustrepeatingfactsandtrulyconnectedwithhistory,seeinghistoricalfiguresaspeoplewithmanydifferentsidesinsteadofjustnamesfromalongtimeago.Inlaterclasstalks,theirquestionschangedfrom“Whathappened?”to“Whydidtheyfeelthatway?”and“WhatwouldIhavedone?”.Thisstory-writingmethoddidn’tjusthelpthemrememberfactsbetter;itbuiltuptheirabilitytothinkdeeplyandtheirrealcareforhowothersfelt.Inspiredbythissuccess,Mr.Johnsonhasnowmadestory-tellingaregularpartofhislessons.Hebelievesthatwhenstudentslearntoexperiencehistorythroughstory-telling,theydomorethanjustrememberit—theystarttounderstanditslong-lastingeffectsontheirownlivesandwhatitmeanstobehumaningeneral.Inhisclassroom,historyisnolongerjustasubjectaboutthepast;ithasbecomeatalkwiththepast.4．WhatwasMr.Johnson’sinitialproblemwithhisstudents?A．Theypreferredscienceoverhistory. B．Theywerenotinterestedinhistoryatall.C．Theycouldnotmemorizehistoricalfacts. D．Theylackedemotionalconnectiontohistory.5．HowdidMr.Johnsonchangehisteachingmethod?A．Hegavemoretestsondatesandnamesinhistoryclass.B．Heaskedstudentstowritefromahistoricalperson’sview.C．Heshowedmorehistoricaldocumentarieswithfacts.D．Heinvitedhistorianstogivelecturesinhisclassroom.6．Whatdidthestudents’essaysdemonstrateafterthenewassignment?A．Theycontainedmoredatesandfactsthanbefore.B．Theyshowedbettermemorizationofhistoricalevents.C．Theyreflectedemotionalunderstandingandpersonalinsight.D．Theywereshorterbutmoreaccuratethanpreviouswork.7．Whatisthemainmessageofthetext?A．Historyismorethanfacts—it’shumanstories. B．Teachersshouldusemoretechnologyinclass.C．Studentsprefercreativewritingtoexams. D．StorytellingisonlyusefulinEnglishclass.CForgenerations,sharingabedhasbeenwidelyseenasakeysignofclosenessforcouples.ButaquietshiftistakingplaceinsomeWesterncountries.Thetrend,called“sleepdivorce,”isnotaboutendingarelationship.Instead,itmeanspartnerschoosetosleepinseparatebedsorevenseparateroomstoimprovetheirsleepquality.Sleepdivorceisapracticalresponsetocommonsleepproblems,suchassnoring,differentbedtimes,disagreementsoverroomtemperature,shiftwork,andsoon.Andstress-relatedsleeplessnessareamongthemainreasonscouplesconsidersleepingapart.Importantly,thischoiceisnotalegalseparationnorasignofmarriagetrouble.Severalforcesaredrivingthistrend.First,sleeptroublesarerisingworldwide,linkedtonoise,stress,andlate-nightscreentimeinmodernlife.Second,snoringaffectsuptohalfofadults,farmorethanmanyrealize.Third,healthisbecomingahigherprioritythantradition;couplesnowseegoodsleepasessentialtowell-being,justlikedietandexercise.Finally,youngergenerationsareredefiningrelationshipsuccess,valuingflexibilityoverfixedrulesabouthowcouples“should”sleep.Interestingly,sleepingseparatelyoftenbringscouplescloser.Withbetterrest,theyreportfewerarguments,bettermoods,andclearercommunication.Poorsleepcanmakepeopleeasilyannoyedandlessempathetic,whilesolidrestsupportsemotionalstrength.Expertsnotethatsleepdivorceishelpfulwhenpartnersfeelbitterduetoconstantsleepinterruption,wakeuptireddespiteenoughtimeinbed,ordealwithheavysnoring.Butitcanbackfireifit’susedtoavoiddealingwithrelationshipconflicts,ifonepartnerfeelslonelyorrejected,orifthedecisionisnotmutual.Therapistsadvisecouplestotalkaboutitasahealthchoiceforbothpeople,notasawaytoescapeeachother.Ashealthandrelationshipsatisfactiontakepriorityoveroldexpectations,sleepingapartmaybecomeanormaloptionformorecouplesinthefuture.8．Whatis“sleepdivorce”accordingtothetext?A．Alegalsteptoendamarriage. B．Asleeparrangementtoimproverest.C．Asolutionmainlyforshiftworkers. D．Atrendofavoidingemotionalconnection.9．Whatdoestheword“backfire”inparagraph5probablymean?A．Improvequickly. B．Gainpopularity.C．Succeedunexpectedly. D．Causeharminstead.10．Whatcanbeinferredaboutyoungergenerationsinparagraph3?A．Theysticktotraditionalsleephabits. B．Theyexperiencefewersleepproblems.C．Theyvaluehealthlessthanoldercouples. D．Theyaremoreflexibleindefiningrelationships.11．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．WhycouplesChoosetoSleepApart. B．GetaDivorce:ForaBetterSleepC．TheScienceBehindBetterSleep. D．HowtoDesignaDual-BedroomHome.DCoralreefs,longhailedascentersofmarinebiodiversity,arenowbeingrevealedaspowerfulconductorsofmicroscopiclifeinthewatersaroundthem.ApioneeringstudyledbyDr.HerdisSteinsdóttirdemonstratesthatreefsactivelyshapedailyrhythmsinnearbymicrobialcommunities,changingtheirmakeupandnumbersovereach24-hourperiod.PublishedinScienceAdvances,theresearchmonitoredmicrobesinthenorthernGulfofAqabaintheRedSea.Bycomparingwatersclosetoreefswithopenoceanareasduringbothwinterandsummer,andcollectingsampleseverysixhours,theteamuncoveredcleardailyandseasonalpatternspreviouslymissed.Theyemployedadvancedmethodslikegeneticsequencingandhigh-resolutionimagingtotrackbacteria,microalgae,andmicroscopicpredatorswithgreatdetail.Keyfindingsemerged.Reefwatersconsistentlyhadlowercountsofbacteriaandmicroalgaecomparedtoopenwaters,pointingtoactiveremovalbyreeflife.Incontrast,populationsofheterotrophicprotists—tinypredatorsthatconsumebacteria—reachedtheirhighestlevelsatnight,sometimesincreasingby80%.Thisnighttimespikeemphasizespredation(捕食)asamajorforcedrivingchangesinmicrobialcommunities.AnothermajordiscoveryinvolvedSymbiodiniaceae,themicroscopicalgae(微观藻类)thatliveinsymbiosiswithcorals.Theirgeneticmarkerspeakedaroundmiddayinreefwaters,suggestingadailycycletiedtolightavailabilityandcoralbiologicalactivity.Thishighlightsthereef’sactive,notpassive,roleinorganizingmicrobiallife.Asco-authorDr.Fradastated,“Reefsgeneratedailypatternsthatrepeatwiththeseasonsandaffecthowenergymovesthroughthesystem.”Importantly,thestudyfoundthatthesedailymicrobialrhythmswereaspowerfulasseasonalchanges,stressingthecriticalneedtoconsidertimeofdayinecologicalstudies.Bycombininggenetic,imaging,andenvironmentaldata,theresearchprovidedacomprehensive,time-basedpictureofmicrobiallifearoundreefs.Itnotonlydeepensourunderstandingofreefs’broaderecologicalinfluencebutalsopavesthewayfornewconservationapproachesthatuseanunderstandingofmicrobialrhythmstoprotectthesevitalecosystems.12．WhatisthemainfindingofthestudyledbyDr.Steinsdottir?A．Coralreefsarefacingunprecedentedthreatsfrommicrobialactivities.B．Microbialpopulationsnearreefsshowchangesonlywiththeseasons.C．Reefsactivelycreatedailyrhythmicpatternsinnearbymicrobialpopulations.D．Reefspassivelyhostadiversebutstablecommunityofmicrobesyear-round.13．Whatcanbeinferredaboutheterotrophicprotistsfromparagraph3?A．TheyaremostactiveduringthedayB．Theyareaprimaryfoodsourceforcorals.C．Theyarelessabundantinreefwatersthanintheopenocean.D．Theirpopulationrisehelpscontrolbacterialnumbersatnight.14．WhydoestheauthorquoteDr.Fradainparagraph4?A．Toemphasizethepassivenatureofcoralreefs.B．Tohighlighttheseasonalstabilityofreefecosystems.C．Tostresstheactiveroleofreefsinshapingmicrobialcycles.D．Toexplainthesamplingmethodologyalreadyusedinthestudy.15．Whatisthesignificanceofthediscoverythatdailyrhythmsareasstrongasseasonalones?A．Itprovesthatseasonalchangesareirrelevanttoreefstudies.B．Itsuggeststhattimeofdayisacrucialfactorinecologicalresearch.C．Itshowsthatallmarineecosystemsoperateonidenticaldailycycles.D．Itindicatesthatmicrobialactivityisunrelatedtoenvironmentalchanges.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoDealwithImpossiblePeopleManypeoplehavemetsomeonewhoalwaysmakessituationsstressfulandhopeless.____16____.That’sbecausetheylikelydon’tseeaproblemwiththeirbehavior.Herearetipstohandlethiskindofpeopleandkeepyourownmindcalm.Avoidgettingdefensive.Staycalm,andbeawarethatyouwillneverwininanargumentwithimpossiblepeople—theyarereferredtoas“impossible”forareason.Intheirmind,youaretheproblem.____17____.Theyfeelthatyouropiniondoesn’tmatterbecauseyouareguilty,regardless.Trytoignorethem.Evenifyoucannotavoidimpossiblepeopleinyourdailylife,don’tthinkaboutthemonyour“off”time.Rememberthatstressingaboutthepersonallthetimeisthesameasgivingthemyourprecioustimewhentheydon’tevencareaboutyou.____18____.Thatwayyouaren’twastingtimebythinkingaboutwhatthepersonsaidordidconstantly.____19____.Impossiblepeopleoffervaluablelifeexperiences.Afterdealingwiththem,youwillbeabletogetalongwithmostotherpeoplemoreeasily.Trytokeepperspective,andrealizethatwhatmayseemcrazytoyoumaybeanotherperson’sonlywayofcoping.Trytoviewthesecommunicationsasawaytobuildstrengths.Becarefulnottocopythebadhabitsofpeoplewhoareimpossibletodealwith.Youoftenlearnbehaviorsfromothersaroundyou.Becauseofthis,youmightaccidentallystartdoingthingsyoudon’tlike.Whenyoureacttothem,youcouldendupactingjustasillogicalastheydo.____20____.A．BetheoppositeofthemB．ConsiderwhatyoucanlearnC．DootheractivitiesandmakenewfriendsD．CatchyourselfwhenyoustarttodothisE．SonothingyousaycanconvincethemtoseeyoursideofthestoryF．Pointingoutthatthesepeoplearedifficultanddemandingwon’thelpG．Animpossiblepersonisconvincedthattheyhavealreadymadeamistake第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。At81,Betty,alifelongwaitressinPittsburgh,facedarealitymanyofushopetoavoid:workinglateintohereightiesbecausehersocialsecuritywasn’tenoughto________basicbills.Chronic(慢性的)backpainandlonghoursdidn’tslowherdown.“I’m81,butIcanstilloutdoalltheseyoungsters,”shejokedto________.Herlifechanged________thankstothecompassionofastranger,TamieKonzier,whonoticedBettystrugglingwhileservingherfamilyatEat’nPark.________byBetty’sspirit,Konzierdecidedtotakeaction.Insteadofjustleavingagenerous________,Konzierwantedtomakearealdifference.ShesharedBetty’sstoryonlineandencouraged________throughaGoFundMecampaign.Whatstartedasasingleactofkindnessquicklycapturedthe________ofthousands.Within24hours,contributions________fromstrangersmovedbyBetty’sstory.Thetotalrapidly________.Peopleacrossthecountrywereinspiredtosupportsomeonetheyhadnevermet,showingthepowerofhumanempathyinaction.WhenKonzierreturnedwithhersonto________thefunds,thetotalhadreacheda(n)________$328,739.18.Betty,overwhelmedwithgratitude,nowhastheabilitytocoverbills,enjoyhergoldenyears,andlivealifeshecouldnothaveimaginedbeforethisactof________.Betty’sstory________usthatempathydoesn’trequirefameoraplatform.Simpleand________actscancreatechangefarbeyondwhatweimagine.Inaworldoftenfocusedonhustleandcompetition,momentslikethese________asexamplesofhumanityatitsbest.21．A．copy B．finish C．cover D．save22．A．doctors B．passengers C．friends D．customers23．A．dramatically B．hardly C．slightly D．successfully24．A．Confused B．Moved C．Disappointed D．Interested25．A．check B．tip C．bill D．pay26．A．plans B．volunteers C．sponsors D．donations27．A．attention B．intention C．responsibility D．action28．A．handedin B．pouredin C．turnedin D．putin29．A．climbed B．crashed C．crept D．flew30．A．accept B．provide C．deliver D．obtain31．A．annoying B．astonishing C．delighting D．disappointing32．A．gratitude B．forgiveness C．honesty D．kindness33．A．remains B．retells C．reminds D．recalls34．A．careless B．hopeless C．selfless D．harmless35．A．shine B．shape C．remember D．enjoy第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。XiaoXue,the20thofthe24solarterms,usuallyfallsonNovember22ndorthenearbydays,____36____(indicate)thebeginningofthecolderweatherandtheapproachofsnow.XiaoXueliterallymeans“minorsnow.”DuringMinorSnow,itstartstosnowlightlyinmanyplaces,____37____(especial)innorthernChina,andthetemperaturecontinuestodrop.Thename“MinorSnow”suggeststhatthesnowfallatthistimeisnotheavy,____38____it’sasignthatcolderweatheriscoming.InancientChina,people____39____(observe)thechangesofnatureduringMinorSnowanddividedit____40____threephases:thedisappearanceofrainbows,thehidingofvitalitybylivingthings,andthewitheringofforests.Therearealsomanytraditionalcustomswhich____41____(associate)withMinorSnow.Forexample,peopleinnorthernChinaliketostorevegetableslikeChinesecabbage,radishand____42____(potato)inthecellar(地窖).InsouthernChina,peoplestartmakingsausagesandcuredmeat.Fishermenbegintodryfishforthewinter,andtheneat____43____(arrange)ofdried,saltedfishinthewintersunshineisavividpictureofearlywinter.Inaddition,MinorSnowisatimeforfamilies____44____(gather)andenjoydeliciousfood.There’saspecialliquorduringMinorSnowcalled“LightSnowLiquor”____45____ismadewiththeclearestspringwaterandtastesdeliciousonacoldwinterday.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46．假定你是李华，你在学校组织的庆祝“世界航天日”(WorldSpaceDay)海报设计大赛中获奖，请你给英国朋友Tom写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：1.你的作品介绍；2.你的获奖感想。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearTom,_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节(满分25分)47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Thefamiliarsmellofgarlic,soysauce,andonionspreadthroughtheairasIopenedmylunchbagtoseewhatmymomhadpackedforme.Onanyotheroccasion,Iwouldhavebeendelightedtoeatmymom’sbraisedpan-friedtofu:aChinesedishthatIoftenatefordinner.Butnottoday,thedayanicegirlhadinvitedme,thenewgirlatschool,tositwithherfriendsduringlunch.“Charis,overhere!”Mynewfriendwaswavingherarms,tryingtogetmyattention.AsIpreparedtowalkovertothetable,memoriesofelementaryandmiddleschoollunchtimesresurfaced.Irememberedmyembarrassmentasmyfriendswouldholdtheirnoses,orstayawayfrommewhenIbroughthomemadeChinesefood,tofu.IrememberedhowmyembarrassmentshiftedtoangerwhenIcomplainedaboutthesmelltomymom.IhadarguedwithmymomthatIwanted“normal”foodforlunch.Irememberedthelookonmymom’sface,amixbetweendisappointmentandconfusion.ButIwasdeterminedandshegaveinbecausesheworriedaboutmymakingnewfriendseverytimewemoved.Sofortheremainderofmiddleschool,mymompackedodorless(无味的),non-Chinesefarelikehamandcheesesandwiches.However,thatday,shewasinarushtogettohernewjobandpackedmeleftoversfromdinner.AssoonasIgottomynewlunchtable,Itriedtohidemybrightlunchbagundermyseatbeforeanyonenoticedthestrongsmell.Ilookeduptoseetheothergirlsatthetable,openingtheirnormalAmericanlunches.Isatquietly,tryingnottobenoticedwhenKatrina,anewacquaintance,askedwheremyfoodwas.“I’mnotreallyhungry,”Irepliedinaninsecurevoice.ButKatrinahadalreadyseenmecarrymylunchsoshesaid,“Then,I’lleatit!”Theothergirlslaughed—apparentlyKatrinawasknowntobethelunchscavenger.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右。2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Ididn’twanttoberudetoanewfriend,soIreluctantlydraggedoutmylunchbagandunzippedit.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________IttookmeasecondtorecognizethatmyhomemadeChinesefoodwasnotbeingrejected.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页1．B2．A3．C【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍过去几年几部优秀电影的剧情亮点、拍摄特点及核心看点。1．推理判断题。根据CityLights部分中的“LikemanyofChaplin’sprojects,theproductionofthefilmwasfullofhumor.(和卓别林的许多作品一样，这部电影的制作充满了幽默)”可知，《城市之光》充满幽默元素，由此推测，该片很有可能是喜剧片。故选B项。2．细节理解题。根据BicycleThieves部分中的“Whatisevenmoreimpressiveisthatthedirectorusednostudiosets—allofthesettingsarereal-lifelocationsinRome.(更令人印象深刻的是，导演没有使用摄影棚布景——所有场景都是罗马的真实地点)”可知，《偷自行车的人》最让观众印象深刻的是它的拍摄地点（真实场景）。故选A项。3．细节理解题。根据TheDiaryofAnneFrank部分中的“DuringWorldWarII,inHollandunderNazicontrol,ashopkeeperandhiswifedecidetohidetheFrankandVanDaanfamiliesinasecretroombehindtheirstore.(二战期间，在纳粹控制下的荷兰，一位店主和他的妻子决定将弗兰克一家和范达恩一家藏在商店后面的一个密室里)”和TheNightoftheShootingStars部分中的“Themovie,setinTuscany,followsagroupofcitizenswholeavetheirvillagejustbeforetheirhousesaresettobeblownupbytheNazis.(这部电影以托斯卡纳为背景，讲述了一群市民在他们的房子即将被纳粹炸毁前离开村庄的故事)”可知，两部电影的共同点是都涉及战争的影响。故选C项。4．D5．B6．C7．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍约翰逊老师发现学生对历史缺乏情感联结，通过让学生写历史人物故事改变教学方式，帮助学生理解历史的人文意义。4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Whilehisstudentscouldcarefullyrememberdates,namesandeventsforexams,theyalwaysfailedtounderstandthehumansideofhistory.Tothem,thepastseemedafixedsetoffacts,withoutemotion,struggleorpersonalmeaning.(虽然他的学生能为了考试认真记住日期、姓名和事件，但他们总是无法理解历史的人文层面。对他们来说，过去似乎是一系列固定的事实，没有情感、挣扎或个人意义)”可知，约翰逊老师最初的问题是学生对历史缺乏情感联结。故选D项。5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Wantingtofixthisgap,Mr.Johnsondecidedtocompletelychangehisteachingwayinthemiddleofthesemester,tradingatraditionalresearchreportforastory-writingtask.(为了弥补这一差距，约翰逊老师决定在学期中彻底改变他的教学方式，用传统的研究报告换成故事写作任务)”和第二段中的“Heaskedhisstudentstopickahistoricalfigureandwriteadetailedstoryfromthatperson’sownpointofview.(他让学生挑选一个历史人物，并从该人物自己的视角写一个详细的故事)”可知，约翰逊老师通过让学生从历史人物的视角写作来改变教学方法。故选B项。6．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Theessayshegotwerenotjustcorrect;theywerefullofrealfeelingsandaclearunderstandingofpeople’sthoughts.(他收到的作文不仅准确，而且充满了真实的情感和对人们思想的清晰理解)”可知，新任务后学生的作文体现了情感理解和个人见解。故选C项。7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Hebelievesthatwhenstudentslearntoexperiencehistorythroughstory-telling,theydomorethanjustrememberit—theystarttounderstanditslong-lastingeffectsontheirownlivesandwhatitmeanstobehumaningeneral.Inhisclassroom,historyisnolongerjustasubjectaboutthepast;ithasbecomeatalkwiththepast.(他认为，当学生学会通过讲故事来体验历史时，他们不仅仅是记住历史——他们开始理解历史对自己生活的长远影响，以及作为人本身意味着什么。在他的课堂上，历史不再仅仅是一门关于过去的学科；它变成了与过去的对话)”可知，文章的核心主旨是历史不仅仅是事实，更是人类的故事。故选A项。8．B9．D10．D11．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍在一些西方国家出现“睡眠离婚”的趋势，即伴侣为提高睡眠质量选择分床或分房睡，阐述了这一趋势出现的原因、带来的影响以及专家的相关建议。8．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thetrend,called“sleepdivorce,”isnotaboutendingarelationship.Instead,itmeanspartnerschoosetosleepinseparatebedsorevenseparateroomstoimprovetheirsleepquality.(这种被称为“睡眠离婚”的趋势，并非意味着要结束一段感情。相反，它指的是伴侣们为了改善睡眠质量，选择分床而睡，甚至分房而睡)”可知，“睡眠离婚”是一种为改善休息的睡眠安排，故选B项。9．词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“Butitcanbackfireifit’susedtoavoiddealingwithrelationshipconflicts,ifonepartnerfeelslonelyorrejected,orifthedecisionisnotmutual.(但如果它被用来避免处理关系冲突，如果一方感到孤独或被拒绝，或者如果这个决定不是双方共同做出的，它可能会backfire)”可知，这些情况是负面的，会让“睡眠离婚”产生不好的结果，所以“backfire”意思可能是“产生反效果，造成伤害”，与“Causeharminstead.”意思相符，故选D项。10．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Finally,youngergenerationsareredefiningrelationshipsuccess,valuingflexibilityoverfixedrulesabouthowcouples“should”sleep.(最后，年轻一代正在重新定义关系的成功，比起关于夫妻“应该”如何睡觉的固定规则，他们更看重灵活性)”可知，年轻一代在定义关系方面更灵活，故选D项。11．主旨大意题。文章开篇引出“睡眠离婚”的概念，接着阐述夫妻选择分开睡的原因，包括睡眠问题、对健康的重视等，还提到分开睡对夫妻关系的影响以及专家建议，所以“WhycouplesChoosetoSleepApart.(为什么夫妻选择分开睡)”为最佳标题，故选A项。12．C13．D14．C15．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍Steinsdóttir博士团队的研究，揭示珊瑚礁对周边微生物群落日常节律的积极塑造作用及研究意义。12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ApioneeringstudyledbyDr.HerdisSteinsdóttirdemonstratesthatreefsactivelyshapedailyrhythmsinnearbymicrobialcommunities,changingtheirmakeupandnumbersovereach24-hourperiod.(赫迪斯·斯坦斯多蒂尔博士领导的一项开创性研究表明，珊瑚礁积极塑造周边微生物群落的日常节律，每24小时改变它们的组成和数量)”可知，该研究的主要发现是珊瑚礁积极创造周边微生物群落的日常节律模式。故选C项。13．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Incontrast,populationsofheterotrophicprotists—tinypredatorsthatconsumebacteria—reachedtheirhighestlevelsatnight,sometimesincreasingby80%.Thisnighttimespikeemphasizespredation(捕食)asamajorforcedrivingchangesinmicrobialcommunities.(相比之下，异养原生生物——以细菌为食的小型捕食者——的数量在夜间达到最高水平，有时会增加80%。这种夜间激增凸显了捕食是推动微生物群落变化的主要力量)”可推断，异养原生生物的数量上升有助于在夜间控制细菌数量。故选D项。14．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Thishighlightsthereef’sactive,notpassive,roleinorganizingmicrobiallife.Asco-authorDr.Fradastated,“Reefsgeneratedailypatternsthatrepeatwiththeseasonsandaffecthowenergymovesthroughthesystem.”(这凸显了珊瑚礁在组织微生物生命方面的积极作用，而非被动作用。正如合著者弗拉达博士所说：“珊瑚礁产生随季节重复的日常模式，并影响能量在系统中的流动方式。”)”可知，作者引用弗拉达博士的话是为了强调珊瑚礁在塑造微生物节律中的积极作用。故选C项。15．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Importantly,thestudyfoundthatthesedailymicrobialrhythmswereaspowerfulasseasonalchanges,stressingthecriticalneedtoconsidertimeofdayinecologicalstudies.(重要的是，该研究发现这些微生物的日常节律与季节变化同样强烈，强调了在生态研究中考虑一天中时间因素的迫切需要)”可知，这一发现的意义在于表明一天中的时间是生态研究中的关键因素。故选B项。16．F17．E18．C19．B20．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了应对难相处之人的几种实用方法与心态。16．上文“Manypeoplehavemetsomeonewhoalwaysmakessituationsstressfulandhopeless.(很多人都遇到过这样一种人，他们总是让情况变得紧张和绝望。)”指出生活中会遇到