专题08 阅读理解之说明文（ 八年级上学期期末真题汇编人教版）（解析版）

专题08阅读理解之说明文(题源：2025年人教版中考英语阅读理解之说明文适用地区）阅读理解·说明文·选择3题（24-25八年级上·北京海淀·期末）Whenfacedwithstressorhardship,whodoyouturntoforhelp?Whohasthepowertoliftyourspirits?Perhapsit’syourmomordad,oranunderstandingfriendwhoreallycaresaboutyou.Weallknowthatspendingtimewithgoodfriendsmakesushappier.Scientistshaveevenputthisfeelingtothetest,andhavefoundthatteenfriendshipshavetodowithpsychological

(心理的)well-being.Astudyof108highschoolstudentsinAustraliafoundthatstrongfriendshipswereprettyhelpfulforteensafterastressfulevent,suchasfailingatest.Teensbeingwithfriendswerereportedtohavelowerlevelsofsadness,jealousy,andworry.Infact,friendshipnotonlyprovidessupportintheshortterm,butalsoinfluencesapersoningeneralinthelongrun.Theresearchersinterviewed169fifteen-year-oldteenagers,andtrackedtheirprogressover10years.Eachyear,thesepeoplewerealsoaskedtodoasurveytestingtheirlevelsofanxiety,depression(压抑),andself-worth.Astheresultsshowed,havingclosebondswithfriendswouldreducepeople’slevelsofanxiety,depression,andimproveself-worth.Inaddition,anotherstudyinthejournalChildDevelopmentfoundthathavinggoodteenagefriendshipsmighthelpteensbecomebetterparentsinthefuture.Thisisbecausetheyshowmoreempathy(同理心)totheirclosefriends,whichhelpsthemdevelopbetterparentingskills.Dr.JessicaA．Stern,inaninterviewwithPsychologyToday,emphasized(强调),“Whenyou’reateenager,closefriendshipsareanimportant‘trainingground’fordevelopingsocialskillsandlearninghowtocareforothersinmorematurewayswhenyougrowup.”However,doeshavingmanyfriendsnecessarilymeanmorehappiness?Infact,havingalotoffriendsinone’sfriendcircledoesn’talwaysbringmentalhealthbenefits.Instead,havingtoomanyfriendscansometimesleadtosocialanxiety.Thekeytoteenfriendshipsliesnotinthenumberoffriends,butintheclosenessandqualityofafewgoodones.It’sthedeepunderstandingandbeingunderstoodbyanotherpersonthathelpteenagersdevelopnecessarysocialskillsforthefuture.Aswecansee,friendshipsduringteenageyearsplayakeyroleinpsychologicalwell-being.Wealwayshopethatfriendshipslastforever,evenifitisn’talwaysthecase.Developingcloseteenfriendshipscanpavethewayforahappier,moreworthwhilelifeahead.1．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Havinggoodteenfriendsbringslong-termbenefitstoaperson.B．Havingclosebondswithfamilyreducespeople’slevelsofanxiety.C．Teenagerscantraintheirsocialskillswiththehelpoftheirparents.D．Goodteenfriendshipshelpimprovephysicalhealthinthelongrun.2．Whatdoesthewriterprobablyagreewith?A．Developingcloseteenfriendshipshelpsimprovesocialskills.B．Beingwithfriendsishelpfulforteensbeforeastressfulevent.C．Themorefriendsateenhas,thehappierheorshewillbecome.D．Formingcloseteenrelationshipsinfactlowersone’sself-worth.3．Whatisthewriter’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Toshowthewaystomakemorefriends.B．Toexplorethetruemeaningofhappiness.C．Tostressthedifficultyofmakingrealfriends.D．Tointroducetheinfluenceofteenfriendships.【答案】1．A2．A3．D【知识点】说明文、友谊【导语】本文主要讲述了青少年友谊对心理健康的长期重要影响。1．段落大意题。根据“Astheresultsshowed,havingclosebondswithfriendswouldreducepeople’slevelsofanxiety,depression,andimproveself-worth.”和本段内容可知，第三段主要讲述了拥有良好的青少年朋友会给一个人带来长期的好处。故选A。2．推理判断题。根据“Dr.JessicaA.Stern,inaninterviewwithPsychologyToday,emphasized(强调)…‘trainingground’fordevelopingsocialskills”可知，作者可能会同意发展亲密的青少年友谊有助于提高社会技能。故选A。3．主旨大意题。文章介绍了青少年友谊的影响，尤其是对心理健康和未来发展的重要性。故选D。（24-25八年级下·重庆·期末）Theabacus(算盘)wasanimportantinventioninancientChina.Whenpeopleneededtodosomebasicmathcalculations(计算),theyusedanabacus.KeyPartsofanAbacusBeads:Thereareupperandlowerbeads.Eachupperbeadrepresents(表示)5andeachlowerbeadrepresents1onrods.Rods:TherodsholdthebeadsandeachrodrepresentsaSomeNumbersShownontheAbacus“5”Ontheonesrod,pushdown1upperbead.“23”Onthetensrod,pushup2lowerbeads.Ontheonesrod,pushup3lowerbeads.“14”Onthetensrod,pushup1lowerbead.Ontheonesrod,pushup4lowerbeads.4．WhendopeopleuseanabacusinancientChina?A．Whentakingartisticphotos. B．Whendoingmathcalculations.C．Whendrawinglines. D．Whenweighingsomething.5．Whatdoeseachupperbeadrepresent?A．One B．Three C．Five D．Ten6．Whichpictureshowstherightnumber“23”onanabacus?A．B．C． D．【答案】4．B5．C6．D【知识点】说明文、科普知识【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国古代算盘的结构和使用方法。4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Whenpeopleneededtodosomebasicmathcalculations,theyusedanabacus.”可知，算盘用于数学计算。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据文章“KeyPartsofanAbacus”部分“Eachupperbeadrepresents5”可知，每个上珠代表5。故选C。6．细节理解题。根据表格描述“23”的操作方法：Onthetensrod,pushup2lowerbeads.Ontheonesrod,pushup3lowerbeads.可知，在十位档，推上2颗下珠。在个位档，推上3颗下珠。图片D符合。故选D。（24-25八年级下·重庆·期末）Firstaid(急救)isnecessaryforeveryoneinsavinglife.Therearemanyfirstaidskills.Let’slearnaboutthreebasicways.CPR:CPRisdonewhensomeoneisbreathinghardorheartbeathasstopped.○Iftheheartbeatstops,pushhardonthechest(胸部)atarateof100-120perminute,pushingdownatleast5cmforadults.○Opentheairwaybyputtingtheheadback.○Giveartificialrespiration(人工呼吸).HeimlichManeuver:Ifsomethingisstuckinone’sthroat,HeimlichManeuverisuseful.○Standbehindthepersonandputyourarmsaroundhiswaist.○Pushupwardsandinwardsquicklynearhisnavel(肚脐).○Repeatuntiltheobjectisforcedout.BasicWound(伤口)Care:○Stopbleedingbypressinghardonthewoundwithabandage.Forartery(动脉)bleeding,pressthenearbyheartendoftheartery.○Ifbleedingcontinues,raisethewoundabovetheheartlevel.7．Ifyoufindamanlyingonthesideoftheroad,andheisbreathinghard,whatwillyoudo?A．B．C． D．8．Whenwillyoustoprepeatingpushingupwardsandinwardsquicklynearthenavel?A．Whenthebleedingstops. B．Whenthemancanmovehisleg.C．Whenthemanisbroughtbacktolife. D．Whentheobjectisforcedout.9．Inwhichpartofawebsitewillyouprobablyreadthepassage?A．Culture. B．News. C．Health. D．Sports.【答案】7．A8．D9．C【知识点】说明文、科普知识【导语】本文主要介绍了三种急救的方法——心肺复苏术、海姆立克急救法和基本伤口护理。7．推理判断题。根据“CPRisdonewhensomeoneisbreathinghardorheartbeathasstopped.”可知，当有人呼吸困难时应该进行心肺复苏急救法。故选A。8．细节理解题。根据“Push-upwardsandinwardsquicklynearhisnavel(肚脐).Repeatuntiltheobject-isforcedout.”可知，在肚脐附近快速向上和向内推，直到物体被推出才能停止。故选D。9．推理判断题。根据“Firstaid(急救)isnecessaryforeveryoneinsavinglife.”可知，本文的话题是关于人们的生命健康的，因此应该在健康栏目里读到此文。故选C。（24-25八年级上·浙江宁波·期末）Hurricanes(飓风)arestorms.Theycancauseterriblewaves,windandrain.TheyhappenintheAtlanticOceanandthePacificOceanmostofthetime.Category(分类)Scientistsdivide(划分)themintofivecategoriesaccordingtothewindspeed.ACategory5hurricanecandestroyallthebuildings.TimeHurricaneSeasonusuallycomesonJune1standendsonNovember30thintheAtlanticOcean,fromMay15thtoNovember30thinthePacificOcean.DangerItcancausefloodwhenahurricanecomeswithheavyrain.Ahurricanehasaneye.Theeyemeansthecenterofahurricane.Aftertheeyepasses,thewindandraincomeagain.SafetyadviceStayinsideduringthehurricane,oryou’llbeinjured.10．Whatcanbeusedtodividehurricanesaccordingtothepassage?A．Bywindspeed. B．BythedegreeofdamageC．Bytheplacesofhurricanes. D．Bythetimeofhappening.11．HowlongdoesHurricaneSeasonusuallylastintheAtlanticOcean?A．About4months. B．About5months.C．About6months. D．About7months.12．Whatshouldwedowhenahurricanehappens?A．Callthepolice. B．Walkoutside.C．Stayinside. D．Runafterit.【答案】10．A11．C12．C【知识点】说明文、自然灾害与防范【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了飓风的基本属性、分类依据、不同海域的飓风季时间、潜在危险及安全建议，帮助读者了解飓风相关知识。10．细节理解题。根据“Scientistsdivide(划分)themintofivecategoriesaccordingtothewindspeed.”可知，科学家根据风速将飓风划分为五个类别，故选A。11．细节理解题。根据“HurricaneSeasonusuallycomesonJune1standendsonNovember30thintheAtlanticOcean”可知，大西洋的飓风季节从6月1日到11月30日，大约持续6个月，故选C。12．细节理解题。根据“Stayinsideduringthehurricane,oryou’llbeinjured.”可知，当飓风发生时我们应该待在室内，故选C。（24-25八年级下·陕西西安·期末）InternationalDayofSignLanguages(手语)ison23September.Whatissignlanguage?Signlanguageusesfacialexpressions,handmovementsandbodylanguage.Itisusedinsteadofspeakingorwriting.Differentcountrieshavetheirownsignlanguage.Therearearound300signlanguagesintheworld.Like(像……一样)spokenlanguages,signlanguagesgrow________change.Whousesit?Signlanguageismainlyusedbypeoplewhoaredeaf(聋的)orhavehearingproblems.Somepeoplearedeafalloftheirlife.ThehistoryofsignlanguageThefirstevidenceofsignlanguagedatesbacktothe5thcenturyBC．IntheUK,theearliestknownuseofsignlanguagewasataweddingin1576.AndthefirstschoolopenedfordeafchildreninScotlandin1760.13．Signlanguagemainlyuses________,handmovementsandbodylanguage.A．speakingorwriting B．lettersorwords C．facialexpressions D．alloftheabove14．Whatwordcanyouputinthe“________”?A．because B．so C．but D．and15．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Blindpeoplemainlyusesignlanguage.B．Signlanguagedatesbacktothe5thcenturyBC．C．Thereareabout30signlanguagesintheworld.D．Signlanguagewasusedasthemainwayofcommunicationatschool.【答案】13．C14．D15．B【知识点】说明文、体态语【导语】本文主要介绍了手语的定义、使用人群及其历史发展。13．细节理解题。根据“Signlanguageusesfacialexpressions,handmovementsandbodylanguage.”可知，手语主要使用面部表情、手势和肢体语言。故选C。14．推理判断题。根据“Like(像……一样)spokenlanguages,signlanguagesgrow...change.”可知，像口语一样，手语会发展和变化，grow和change是并列关系，用and连接。故选D。15．细节理解题。根据“Thefirstevidenceofsignlanguagedatesbacktothe5thcenturyBC.”可知，手语可追溯到公元前5世纪。故选B。（24-25八年级上·陕西西安·期末）Peopleknowanimalsdohavefeelings,buttheyarenotsureifpeoplecanunderstandthesefeelingscorrectly.Inrecentyears,scientistshavestudiedaboutthefeelingsofcows,frogsandpandas.________Itsaysthathumanscantellwhetherachickenishappyorsadbylisteningtoitscalls.Theresearchersputabowlbehindadoor.Insidethebowl,sometimes,therewassomethingchickenslovetoeat,suchasriceorinsects.Sometimes,therewasnothing.Whenthechickenssawfoodbehindthedoor,theyseemedhappyandmadefastandloudsounds.Theyareknownasfoodcalls.Whentherewasn’tfood,thechickensmadelowandlongnoisestoexpress*disappointment.Theresearchersrecordedallthesesoundsandstudiedtheirwaves.Thentheresearcherschose16recordingsofsuchchickennoises.Halfwerefromthechickensseeingthefoodandhalfwerefromthechickensfindingnofood.Therecordingswereplayedto194volunteers.Sixty-ninepercentofthevolunteerscorrectlyunderstoodwhetherthechickenswerefeelinghappyornot,andsomeofthemevennevertakecareofchickens.Theresultshowsthathumanshavethenaturalabilitytounderstandthefeelingsofchickens.Hopefully,thisfindingcanbringaboutnewtechnologytohelpwithchicken-raising,abigindustryinmanycountries.Somescientistsarealreadyworkingonasmartcomputerprogramthatcanidentifychickens’feelings.Thisisgoodnewsforfarmerswhowanttomakethebirdshappierandhealthier.*Theword“disappointment”meanssadnessbecausesomethinghasn’thappened.16．Whichofthefollowingcanbeputin“________”inParagraph1?A．Humansmaynotlikeanimals. B．Scientistsknownothingaboutit.C．Nobodyknowswhythishappens. D．Anewstudyaddschickenstothelist.17．Whichismostprobablythesoundwaveofahappycallbyachicken?A． B． C． D．18．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Chickens’FoodCalls B．HappyChickens,SadChickensC．Farmers’BestChoice D．SmartFarmers,HealthyFarmers【答案】16．D17．D18．B【知识点】说明文、科普知识【导语】本文主要讲述了科学家通过研究鸡的叫声来判断其情绪状态，以及人类能够理解鸡的感情这一发现。16．推理判断题。根据“Itsaysthathumanscantellwhetherachicken...”可知，空后讲了关于鸡的研究，可推断空处与鸡有关，选项D“一项新研究将鸡也加入了列表。”符合语境。故选D。17．细节理解题。根据“Whenthechickenssawfoodbehindthedoor,theyseemedhappyandmadefastandloudsounds.”可知，鸡开心时会发出快速响亮的声音，观察四幅声波图，选项D的声波图频率高、振幅大，符合快速响亮的特点。故选D。18．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了科学家通过研究鸡的叫声来判断其情绪状态，以选项B“快乐的鸡，悲伤的鸡”为标题最佳。故选B。（24-25八年级上·安徽淮北·期末）FourTypesofTraditionalChineseClothesHanfuHanfuistheoldestofChinesetraditionalclothes.Ithasmanykinds,likeRuqun.Ruisonekindofshortclothes,andQunisonekindofskirt.TangsuitTangsuitisakindofChinesejacket.Themostcommoncoloursareredandblue.ChinesepeoplemakeTangsuitwithsilk,cotton(棉花)andothermaterials.QipaoQipaoisdesignedforChinesewomen.SomanywomenloveQipaobecauseitcanshowtheircharm(魅力)andbeauty.Qipao’sneckishigh.Itssleevesmaybeeithershort,mediumorfulllength.ZhongshansuitZhongshansuitisatypeoftypicalclothesformen.ItgotthenamebecauseofSunZhongshan.Lateron,ChairmanMaooftenworeit,soithadanothername“Maosuit”.19．WhichkindoftraditionalChineseclotheshasthelongesthistory?A．Tangsuit. B．Hanfu. C．Zhongshansuit. D．Qipao20．WhydoChinesewomenlove“Qipao”?A．Becauseithasmanykinds. B．Becauseit’smadeofsilkandcotton.C．Becauseitcanshowtheircharmandbeauty. D．Becauseit’satypeoftypicalclothes.21．Whowillbemostinterestedinthepassage?A．Mike,aChineseengineer. B．Tom,acottonfarmer.C．Sandy,aclothesdesigner. D．Mary,afoodlover.【答案】19．B20．C21．C【知识点】说明文、传统工艺【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四种中国传统服饰：汉服、唐装、旗袍和中山装，分别阐述了它们的起源、特点以及受欢迎的原因。19．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“HanfuistheoldestofChinesetraditionalclothes.”可知，汉服是中国传统服饰中最古老的，即历史最长的。故选B。20．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“SomanywomenloveQipaobecauseitcanshowtheircharm(魅力)andbeauty.”可知，很多女性喜欢旗袍是因为它能展现她们的魅力和美丽。故选C。21．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了四种中国传统服饰的特点，对于服装设计师来说，了解不同传统服饰的设计、特点和历史背景等信息，有助于他们在设计服装时获取灵感和借鉴传统元素。所以服装设计师会对这篇文章最感兴趣。故选C。阅读理解·说明文·选择4题（24-25八年级上·重庆·期末）①OnDecember4,2024,theUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization(UNESCO),madetheSpringFestivalaworldintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产).②TheSpringFestivalisoneofChina’soldesttraditionalfestivals.“Forthousandsofyears,ithashelpedtobringChinesepeopletogetherandmakethemproudoftheirownculture,”saidUNESCO.③Asawell-knownorganizationworldwide,UNESCOwassetuponNovember16,1945justafterWorldWarⅡ.Ithelpscountriesworktogetheroneducation,scienceandculturetomaketheworldmorepeaceful.Formanyyears,ithasworkedonprotectingculturalthingsaroundtheworldbyputtingthemontheWorldIntangibleCulturalHeritageList.④TheitemsontheListmusthaveahistoryofoveronehundredyears.Andtheyalsoneedtobeimportantinhistory,literature,artorscience.By2024,Chinahasalreadyhad44itemsontheList.TheseitemsshowtherichnessofChinesecultureinawonderfulway.⑤TogettheSpringFestivaladdedtotheList,Chinamadelotsofpreparations.InJuly2022,theMinistryofCulturemadeateam.Theyputtogethereverythingaboutthestart,growth,changes,culturalmeaningsandwaysofcelebrationoftheSpringFestival.Afterreadingwhatwasnecessaryoverandoveragain,ChinasubmittedittotheIntergovernmentalCommittee(政府间委员会)onMarch31,2023.Afterwaitingformorethanoneyear,goodnewsfinallycame.⑥China’sForeignMinistryspokesmanLinJiansaidthattheSpringFestivalshowsthemeaningofpeaceandtogetherness.NotonlyChinesebutalsopeoplefrommanyothercountriesloveitdeeply.Aboutoneineveryfivepeopleallovertheworldnowcelebratesthisfestival.Inthefuture,Chinawillkeepprotectingtraditionalculturesothatmorepeoplecanenjoythevaluableculturalheritage.22．Howdoesthewriterstartthepassage?A．Bytellingastory. B．Bylistingsomenumbers.C．Byshowingafact. D．Bydiscussingaquestion.23．What’sthemainideaofparagraph3?A．TheresolutionsofChina. B．ThemeaningofChineseculture.C．TheimportanceoftheList. D．ThehistoryandworkofUNESCO.24．Whichunderlinedwordhasasimilarmeaningto“submitted”inparagraph5?A．Heacceptedthejobbecauseheneededalotofmoney.B．Shefinisheduniversitylastyearandbecameareporter.C．Hefollowedhisfather’sexampletohelpthepoorkids.D．IgavetheteachermyhomeworkonThursdaymorning.25．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．ChinapreparedalottogettheSpringFestivaladdedtotheList.B．MaybetherewillbemoreChinesetraditionsontheListinthefuture.C．20%ofthepeoplearoundtheworldnowcelebratetheSpringFestival.D．Chinawillonlykeepprotectingitsowntraditionalcultureinthefuture.【答案】22．C23．D24．D25．B【知识点】传统节日、说明文【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2024年12月4日联合国教科文组织将春节列为世界非物质文化遗产这一事件，包括春节的意义、联合国教科文组织的介绍、中国为将春节列入名录所做的准备以及中国外交部发言人的相关言论等。22．细节理解题。根据第一段“OnDecember4,2024,theUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization(UNESCO),madetheSpringFestivalaworldintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产).”可知，作者在文章开头直接陈述了2024年12月4日联合国教科文组织将春节列为世界非物质文化遗产这一事实，以此开始文章。故选C。23．主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主要介绍了联合国教科文组织的成立时间以及它在教育、科学和文化方面的工作，特别是它通过将文化遗产列入世界非物质文化遗产名录来保护世界各地的文化遗产。D选项“联合国教科文组织的历史和工作”符合本段主旨。故选D。24．词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“Afterreadingwhatwasnecessaryoverandoveragain,ChinasubmittedittotheIntergovernmentalCommittee(政府间委员会)onMarch31,2023.”可知，中国在反复阅读了必要的内容后，将其提交给了政府间委员会，所以“submitted”在此处的意思是“提交”。D选项“星期四早上我把作业交给了老师”，其中“gave”在此处可以理解为“提交”作业的意思，与“submitted”意思相近。故选D。25．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Inthefuture,Chinawillkeepprotectingtraditionalculturesothatmorepeoplecanenjoythevaluableculturalheritage.”可知，未来中国将继续保护传统文化，以便更多的人能够享受宝贵的文化遗产，由此可推知，未来可能会有更多的中国传统被列入名录。故选B。（24-25八年级上·重庆·期末）①Manypeoplethinkthatlanguagemakeshumansdifferentfromotheranimals.BertrandRussell,aBritishphilosopher,saidin1948thatpeoplecouldn’tthinkwithoutlanguage.②However,arecentstudyshowsthatlanguageandthinkingareactually“muchmoreindependent(独立的)”thanwebelieved.③ThestudybyscientistsfromtheUStriedtofindoutthelanguage-thinkingrelationshipintwoways.First,theystudiedpeoplewithglobalaphasia(完全失语症).Althoughtheyarealmostunabletounderstandorspeak,theycanstillfinishhardtasks.“Theycanevensolvemathproblemsaslongastheordersarenon-verbal(非语言的),”EvelinaFedorenkotoldZMEScience.④Theresearchersalsousedbrain-imaging(脑成像)tostudythebrainsofhealthypeople.Whentheywereworkingonnon-verbaltaskslikeplanning,thelanguagepartsoftheirbrainsweremostlynotworking.⑤So,iflanguageisn’tnecessaryforthinking,thenwhydidhumanscreateandkeepusingit?That’sbecauselanguageplaysanimportantpartincommunication(沟通).⑥“Mostofthetime,youlearnedabouttheworldthroughlanguage,notthroughyourrealexperiencewiththeworld,”Fedorenkosaid.Withoutenoughtimetogoeverywherethemselves,humanshavetoshareinformationwiththehelpoflanguagetolearnmoreabouttheworld.⑦Althoughwedon’tneedlanguagetothink,thewaywespeakcangreatlydecidehowwethink.Forexample,“Hefiredthegun.”inEnglishisusuallyexpressedas“Thegunwentoff.”inJapanese.Asaresult,Englishspeakersaremorelikelytocareabouttheperson,notthetool,thanJapanesespeakers,accordingtoPsychologyToday.26．Accordingtothepassage,whatmightamanwithglobalaphasiabeabletodo?①learnaforeignlanguage②workasateacher③tellkidsstories④useapen⑤workoutamathproblem⑥cryorlaughA．①③⑤ B．③④⑤ C．④⑤⑥ D．②⑤⑥27．Whichideadoyouthinkthewriterwillagreewith?A．Differentlanguageswillmakepeoplethinkthesameway.B．Speakingmorelanguagescanmakepeoplebecomesmarter.C．Thelanguagepartsofthebrainworkfortaskslikeplanning.D．Languagemakesiteasierforhumanstolearnabouttheworld.28．What’sthestructureofthepassage?A．B． C． D．29．Whichofthefollowingissimilartotheroleoflanguageinthinking?A．Watertofish:withoutwater,fishwillnotbeabletolive.B．Amaptoatrip:amapishelpfulbutnotnecessaryduringatrip.C．Summertowinter:theywon’tshowuptogetherinthesameplace.D．Twokeystothesamedoor:thetwokeyscantakeeachother’splace.【答案】26．C27．D28．A29．B【知识点】语言与文化、说明文、科普知识【导语】本文主要探讨了语言和思维之间的关系，介绍了相关研究及结论，包括语言和思维在大脑中独立工作、语言主要用于交流以及语言对思维有影响等内容。26．推理判断题。根据“First,theystudiedpeoplewithglobalaphasia(完全失语症).Althoughtheyarealmostunabletounderstandorspeak,theycanstillfinishhardtasks.“Theycanevensolvemathproblemsaslongastheordersarenon-verbal”可知，患有完全失语症的人可以完成艰巨的任务，只要命令是非语言的。所以一个患有完全失语症的人能使用钢笔、解一道数学题以及哭或笑，④⑤⑥符合题意。故选C。27．细节理解题。根据“Mostofthetime,youlearnedabouttheworldthroughlanguage,notthroughyourrealexperiencewiththeworld”可知，语言使人类更容易了解世界。故选D。28．篇章结构题。第①段先提出语言和思维的关系；第②段指出研究表明，语言和思维实际上比我们想象的“更加独立”，接着第③④段从语言和思维在大脑中独立工作的角度论述，第⑤⑥段从语言在沟通中起着重要作用的角度进行论述；第⑦段指出，语言对思维有影响。故选A。29．推理判断题。根据“So,iflanguageisn’tnecessaryforthinking,thenwhydidhumanscreateandkeepusingit?That’sbecauselanguageplaysanimportantpartincommunication”可知，语言在思维中起辅助作用，并非唯一决定因素。选项B“旅行地图：在旅行中，地图是有帮助的，但不是必需的。”与之相似。故选B。（24-25八年级上·辽宁沈阳·期末）InthevillageofLiukeinChina,housesaremadeofdarkbricks(砖)andredwindows.Theystandthereamongtallandgreentrees.ManytouristshavecometoLiukevillagetoenjoyitsnaturalbeautyandrichculture.“Thisisjustbeautiful,”saysZhaoMingzhuo,atouristfromeastChina’sZhejiangProvince.“Thekidsgettoenjoythefieldshere,theoldenjoythequietenvironment,andtheyoungpeoplecangocamping.It’squiteagoodexperiencehere.”LiukeisoneoftheancientvillagesthatliebesidetheWanquanRiverinHainan.TheWanquanRiveris163kilometerslongandrunsthroughanareaofmorethan3,600squarekilometers.AclassicChinesefolksongsingsinpraise(赞扬)oftheclearwateroftheriver.Andinrecentyears,theWanquanRiverhasbecomeacallingcardforHainan,thankstoitsrichstoriesandhistory.Intheolddays,whenvillagersneededtotraveltoothervillages,theyhadtopassbythisvillage.Thenthevillagebecameastopover(中转站)fortourists,soitgotitsname,Liuke.Inrecentyears,thelocalgovernmenthasworkedhardtoattractasmanytouristsaspossibletothevillage.Peoplehaveopenedmanysightseeingprograms.Nowthevillagehasnotonlyattractedtourists,butalsohelpedvillagersstay.Inthisway,thevillagecandevelopmovequickly.30．Touristscan______inLiukevillage.A．planttallandgreentreesB．enjoythemodernbuildingsC．takeaboattripuptheWangquanRiverD．seehousesmadeofdarkbricksandredwindows31．What’sZhaoMingzhuo’sattitude(态度)totravellingtoLiukevillage?A．Supportive. B．Silly. C．Disagreeable. D．Unknown.32．WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?A．WhereLiukevillagelies. B．HowLiukevillagegotitsname.C．WhyLiukevillagebecomespopular. D．WhatLiukevillageusedtolooklike.33．Whatisthewriter’spurpose(目的)inwritingthetext?A．Tointroduceanancientvillage. B．Tohopetogethelpfromtourists.C．Totellastoryaboutanoldvillage. D．Toshownaturalbeautyandrichculture.【答案】30．D31．A32．B33．A【知识点】说明文、景点/建筑、城市【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了中国的一个著名乡村——留客村。30．细节理解题。根据“InthevillageofLiukeinChina,housesaremadeofdarkbricks(砖)andredwindows.”可知，游客在留客村能看到由黑砖和红窗建成的房子，故选D。31．观点态度题。根据“‘Thisisjustbeautiful,’saysZhaoMingzhuo…It’squiteagoodexperiencehere.”可知，赵明卓认为留客村漂亮且体验好，对来此旅游持支持态度，故选A。32．主旨大意题。根据“Intheolddays,whenvillagersneededtotraveltoothervillages…soitgotitsname,Liuke.”可知，第四段主要讲述留客村因过去是游客中转站而得名，故选B。33．推理判断题。通读全文，文章对留客村建筑特色、游客体验、位置、名字由来及发展等多方面的描述，文章目的是介绍这个古老村庄，故选A。（25-26九年级上·湖南长沙·开学考试）InHangzhou’sWestLakearea,there’saspecialworkeratJinqiuHomeCommunityCenter—arobotdognamedXiaoxi.Thisfour-leggedfriendhasbeenworkingthereformonthsanditisverypopular.Everyday,Xiaoxicarriesamedicineboxandremindsoldpeopleinafriendlyvoice.Forexample,itmaysay,“Grandma,it’s11:30a.m.Timeforyourmedicine?”GrandmaZhaosays,“Iusedtoforgettotakemymedicine,butthankstoXiaoxi,Iwon’tmissitnow.”Xiaoxiisn’tjustamedicinereminder!Thoughitweighsonly14kilograms,itcandomanythings.Atmealtimes,ithelpstotakefoodtotables.Italsoguidesoldpeopletothebathroom,walkswiththeminthegarden,andtalkswiththem.WhenGrandmaWangcalls,“Xiaoxi,stopsunbathingandcometakeawalkwithme.”Hearingthis,thelittlerobotshakesitstailandfollowsher.Therobot’sdesigners(设计者)sayXiaoxiisverysmartbecauseithasspecialcamerasinitshead.Thesecamerashelpitseethegroundandrecognize(识别出)people.Ifsomeonefalls,Xiaoxicallsoutloudlyforhelp.Inthefuture,Xiaoxiwillgetevensmarter.Itmightusefacialrecognitiontostopoldpeoplefromgettinglost.Xiaoxiworkshardandmakespeoplehappy.Everyoneinthecommunitycenteradoresit.TheythinkthatthankstoXiaoxi,theirlivesarehappierandeasier.34．WhatcanXiaoxihelpoldpeopleremembertodo?A．Takeawalk. B．Haveameal. C．Taketheirmedicine.35．WhatdowelearnaboutXiaoxifromParagraph3?A．Itisheavy. B．Itishelpful C．Itcanmakepeoplesmart.36．WhichofthefollowingquestionscanParagraph4answer?A．WhoarethedesignersofXiaoxi?B．HowdoesXiaoxilearnnewskills?C．WhatcanXiaoxidoforpeople’ssafety?37．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“adores”meaninthelastparagraph?A．喜爱 B．保护 C．包容【答案】34．C35．B36．C37．A【知识点】科学技术、发明与创造、说明文【导语】本文主要介绍了杭州西湖区一个叫“小希”的机器狗是如何帮助老人的。34．细节理解题。根据“Everyday,Xiaoxicarriesamedicineboxandremindsoldpeopleinafriendlyvoice.”可知，小希可以提醒老人吃药。故选C。35．推理判断题。根据“Xiaoxiisn’tjustamedicinereminder!Thoughitweighsonly14kilogramsitcandomanythings.Atmealtimes,ithelpstotakefoodtotables.Italsoguidesoldpeopletothebathroom,walkswiththeminthegarden,andtalkswiththem.”可知，第三段列举了小希的多种功能：送餐、引导如厕、陪散步、聊天等，说明它非常有用。故选B。36．推理判断题。根据“Ifsomeonefalls,Xiaoxicallsoutloudlyforhelp.Inthefuture,Xiaoxiwillgetevensmarter.Itmightusefacialrecognitiontostopoldpeoplefromgettinglost.”可知，第四段提到小希通过摄像头识别有人跌倒并呼救，未来还能用人脸识别防止老人走失，这些都属于安全保护范畴。故选C。37．词句猜测题。根据“Xiaoxiworkshardandmakespeoplehappy.Everyoneinthecommunitycenteradoresit.”可知，小希让人开心，生活得更幸福，且社区中心所有人都对其持积极态度，因此划线词“adores”意为“喜爱”。故选A。（24-25八年级上·湖南长沙·期末）ChineseculturebehindhugesuccessofBlackMyth:WukongBlackMyth:WukongbringsoutinterestinChineseculturearoundtheworld.TheChinesevideogameBlackMyth:Wukong(《黑神话：悟空》)hasbecomeabighit.Itsoldmorethan10million(百万)copiesinjustthreedaysafteritcameoutonAugust20.TheunexpectedsuccessofthegamehasallowedpeopleappreciatetheChinesetraditio