雨课堂学堂在线学堂云国际经济学(山东理工大学)单元测试考核答案

第1题Thesizeofaneconomyisdirectlyrelatedtothevolumeofimportsandexports.第2题Politicalfactors,suchaswars,cannotchangetradepatterns.第3题Serviceoutsourcing(oroffshoring)occurswhenafirmthatprovidesservicesmovesitsoperationstoaforeignlocation.第4题Thegravitymodelpredictsthatthevolumeoftradeispositivelycorrelatedwiththedistancebetweenthetwocountries.第5题Besidessizeanddistance,culture,geography,multinationalcorporations,andtheexistenceofbordersinfluencetrade.第6题Moderntransportationandcommunicationhaveincreasedtrade.第7题Multinationalcorporationsspreadacrossdifferentnationsdonotimportandexportmanygoodsbetweentheirdivisions.第8题Oceanharborsandalackofmountainbarriersmaketransportationandtradeeasier.第9题Crossingbordersinvolvesformalitiesthattaketime,oftendifferentcurrenciesneedtobeexchanged,andperhapsmonetarycostsliketariffsreducetrade.第10题Closeculturalties,suchasacommonlanguage,usuallyleadtostrongeconomicties.第1题Acountryhasacomparativeadvantageinproducingagoodwhenitsopportunitycostofproducingthatgoodislowerthaninothercountries.第2题Countriesexportgoodsinwhichtheyhaveacomparativeadvantage第3题Withtrade,therelativepricesettlesinbetweenwhattherelativepriceswereineachcountrybeforetrade.第4题Tradebenefitsallcountriesduetotherelativepriceoftheexportedgooddecreasing.第5题Freetradeisbeneficialonlyifacountryismoreproductivethanforeigncountries.第6题WhichofthefollowingisnotahypothesisoftheRicardianModel?AtwonationsBtwocommoditiesCperfectinternationalmobilityoffactorsDtwofactorsofproduction第7题AnationengagingintradeaccordingtotheRicardianmodelwillfinditsconsumptionbundle（）.AinsideitsproductionpossibilitiesfrontierBonitsproductionpossibilitiesfrontierCoutsideitsproductionpossibilitiesfrontierDinsideitstrade-partner'sproductionpossibilitiesfrontier第8题The（）ofproducingsomethingmeasuresthecostofnotbeingabletoproducesomethingelsewiththeresourcesused.AopportunitycostBabsoluteadvantageCrelativeadvantageDcomparativeadvantage第9题A()indicatestheconstantnumberofhoursoflaborrequiredtoproduceoneunitofoutput.ArelativesupplyBunitlaborrequirementCrelativedemandDsupply第10题（）determinerelativewagedifferencesacrosscountries.ACostsBProfitsCProductivitydifferences第3章特定要素和收入分配第1题Therelativepriceofclothpriortotradeisdeterminedbytheintersectionoftheeconomy’srelativesupplyofclothanditsrelativedemand.第2题Freetraderelativepriceofclothisdeterminedbytheintersectionofworldrelativesupplyofclothandworldrelativedemand.第3题Withouttrade,theeconomy’soutputofagooddonotequalitsconsumption.第4题Tradebenefitsthefactorthatisspecifictotheexportsectorofeachcountry.第5题Tradebenefitsthefactorthatisspecifictotheimport-competingsectors.第6题Whichisnotanassumptionofthespecificfactorsmodel?AtwogoodsBthreefactorsofproductionCperfectcompetitionprevailsinallmarketsDthreecountries第7题Theshapeoftheproductionfunctionofspecificfactorsmodelreflectsthelawof（）.AdiminishingmarginalreturnsBproductionCdemandDadvantage第8题Ineachsector,employerswillmaximizeprofitsbydemandinglaboruptothepointwherethevalueproducedbyanadditionalhourequalsthe()ofemployingaworkerforthathour.AaverageprofitBmarginalcostCtotalcostDprofit第9题Thetwosectorsmustpaythe（）wagebecauselaborcanmovebetweensectors.AdifferentBincreasingCsameDdecreasing第10题Tradehasambiguouseffectson()factorsinspecficfactorsmodel.AspecficBcapitalClandDmobile第4章资源与贸易：赫克歇尔-俄林模型第1题TheHeckscher-Ohlintheoryarguesthattradeoccursduetodifferencesinlabor,laborskills,physicalcapital,capital,orotherfactorsofproductionacrosscountries.第2题SubstitutionoffactorsusedintheproductionprocessgeneratesastraightedPPF.第3题TheHeckscher-Ohlinmodelpredictsthatrelativeoutputpricesandfactorpriceswillequalize.第4题Whenaneconomyproducesthemostvalueitcanfromitsresources,theopportunitycostofproducingagoodequalstherelativepriceofthatgoodinmarkets.第5题InH-Omodelwhenaneconomyproducesalowquantityofagood,theopportunitycostofproducingthatgoodishigh.第6题Anincreaseintherelativepriceofagoodcausestherealincomeofthefactorusedintensivelyintheproductionofthatgoodto().AincreaseBdecreaseCuncertainDunchanged第7题Ifoutputpricesremainconstantastheamountofafactorofproductionincreases,thenthesupplyofthegoodthatusesthisfactorintensivelyincreasesAincreaseBdecreaseCuncertainDunchanged第8题InH-Omodel,ownersofabundantfactorsgain,whileownersofscarcefactors（）withtrade.AgainBarenoteffectedCexitDlose第9题Aneconomyexportsgoodsthatarerelativelyintensiveinitsrelatively()ofproduction.AscarefactorsBnomalfactorsCabundantfactorsDdifferentfactors第10题Aneconomyimportsgoodsthatarerelativelyintensiveinitsrelatively()ofproduction.AscarefactorsBnomalfactorsCabundantfactorsDdifferentfactors第5章标准贸易模型第1题StandardtrademodelisageneralmodelthatincludesRicardian,specificfactors,andHeckscher-Ohlinmodelsasspecialcases.第2题Nationalrelativesupplyfunctionsdetermineaworldrelativesupplyfunction,whichalongwithworldrelativedemanddeterminestheequilibriumunderinternationaltrade.第3题Anindifferencecurverepresentscombinationsofclothandfoodthatleavetheconsumerequallywelloff.第4题Indifferencecurvesareupwardsloping.第5题Thetermsoftradereferstothepriceofimportsrelativetothepriceofexports.第6题（）isgrowththatexpandsacountry’sproductionpossibilitiesdispro-portionatelyinthatcountry’sexportsector.AImport-biasedgrowthBImportCExport-biasedgrowthDExport第7题Import-biasedgrowth（）acountry’stermsoftrade,increasingitswelfare.AdecreasesBincreasesCdoesnotchangeDhavenoeffecton第8题()arepaymentsgiventodomesticproducersthatexport.AExportsubsidiesBExporttaxCImporttariffDImportQuota第9题Ifthehomecountryimposesasubsidyonclothexports,thepriceofclothrelativetothepriceoffood（）fordomesticconsumers.AdecreasesBrisesCdoesnotchangeDhavenoeffecton第10题Forabigcountry,importtariffsonagood（）therelativeworldpriceofthatgood(andincreasetherelativeworldpriceofothergoods)byincreasingtherelativesupplyofthatgoodanddecreasingtherelativedemandofthatgood.AdecreasesBincreasesCdoesnotchangeDhavenoeffecton第6章外部规模经济和国际生产布局第1题Externaleconomiesofscaleoccurwhencostperunitofoutputdependsonthesizeoftheindustry.第2题Anindustrywhereeconomiesofscalearepurelyexternalwilltypicallyconsistofmanysmallfirmsandbeperfectlycompetitive.第3题Internaleconomiesofscaleresultwhenlargefirmshaveacostadvantageoversmallfirms,causingtheindustrytobecomeperfectlycompetitive.第4题ExternaleconomiesplayedakeyroleinIndia’semergenceasamajorexporterofinformationservices.第5题Workersfromdifferentfirmsmaymoreeasilyshareideasthatbenefiteachfirmwhenalargeandconcentratedindustryexists.第6题Whenexternaleconomicsexist,thereisaforward-fallingsupplycurve.第7题Withexternaleconomies,bycontrast,theeffectoftradeistorisepriceseverywhere.第8题Ifexternaleconomiesexist,however,thepatternoftradecouldnotbeduetohistoricalaccidents.第9题Tradeneednotbetheresultofcomparativeadvantage.Instead,itcanresultfromincreasingreturnsoreconomiesofscale,thatis,fromatendencyofunitcoststobelowerwithlargeroutput.第7章全球经济中的公司：出口决策、外包和跨国企业第1题Internaleconomiesofscaleresultwhenlargefirmshaveacostadvantageoversmallfirms,causingtheindustrytobecomeuncompetitive.第2题Inimperfectcompetition,firmsareawarethattheycannotinfluencethepricesoftheirproductsandthattheycansellmoreonlybyreducingtheirprice.第3题Amonopolyisanindustrywithonlyonefirm.第4题Afirminamonopolisticallycompetitiveindustryisexpectedtosell（）astotalsalesintheindustryincreaseandaspriceschargedbyrivalsincrease.AmoreBlessCuncertainDunchange第5题Becausetradeincreasesmarketsize,tradeispredictedtodecreaseaveragecostinanindustrydescribedbymonopolisticcompetition.第6题Afirminamonopolisticallycompetitiveindustryisexpectedtosell（）asthenumberoffirmsintheindustryincreasesandasthefirm’spriceincreases.AmoreBlessCuncertainDunchange第7题Asaresultoftrade,thenumberoffirmsinanewinternationalindustryispredictedto（）relativetoeachnationalmarket.AdecreaseBincreaseCuncertainDunchange第8题Intra-industrytradereferstotwo-wayexchangesofsimilargoods.第9题（）iswhenacompanybuildsanewproductionfacilityabroad.ABrownfieldFDIBFDICCross-bordermergersDGreenfieldFDI第10题Multinationalsaretypicallysmallerandlessproductivethanexporters,whichinturnarelargerandmoreefficientthanfirmsthatsellonlytothedomesticmarket.第8章贸易政策工具第1题Anadvaloremtariffisleviedasafractionofthevalueofimportedgoods.第2题AnimportdemandcurveisthedifferencebetweenthequantitythatHomeconsumersdemandminusthequantitythatHomeproducerssupply,ateachprice.第3题Theeffectiverateofprotectionmeasureshowmuchprotectionatariff(orothertradepolicy)provides.第4题Producersurplusmeasurestheamountthatconsumersgainfrompurchasesbycomputingthedifferenceinthepriceactuallypaidfromthemaximumpricetheywouldbewillingtopayforeachunitconsumed.第5题Anexportsubsidycanalsobespecificoradvalorem.第6题Foralargecountry,atariff（）thepriceofagoodintheimportingcountry,soithurtsconsumersandbenefitsproducersthere.AreducesBraisesCdonotchangeDuncertain第7题Avoluntaryexportrestraintworkslikeanimportquota,exceptthatthequotaisimposedbytheexportingcountryratherthantheimportingcountry.第8题A（）isaregulationthatrequiresaspecifiedfractionofafinalgoodtobeproduceddomestically.AlocalcontentrequirementBtariffCquotaDexportsubsidy第9题Tariffsgenerategovernmentrevenue;exportsubsidiesdrainit.第10题Atariffincreasesthehomepriceandthequantitysuppliedand()thequantitydemandedandthequantitytradedAreducesBraisesCdonotchangeDuncertain第9章贸易政策中的政治经济学第1题Freetradeavoidsthelossofresourcesthroughrentseeking.第2题Fora“large”country,atarifflowersthepriceofimportsinworldmarketsandgeneratesatermsoftradegain.第3题Economistssupportingfreetradecounter-arguethatdomesticmarketfailuresshouldbecorrectedbya“first-best”policy:adomesticpolicyaimeddirectlyatthesourceoftheproblem.第4题Afreetradeareaisanagreementthatallowsfreetradeamongmembers,eachmemberhavecommontradepolicytowardsnon-membercountries.第5题Bindingtariffrates:atariffis“bound”byhavingtheimposingcountryagreenottoraiseitinthefuture.第6题（）occurswhenlow-costimportsfromnonmembersaredivertedtohigh-costimportsfrommembernations.ATradediversionBTradecreationCTradeDExport第7题Agriculturalandclothingindustriesarethemostprotectedindustriesinmanycountries.第8题TheWorldTradeOrganizationisbasedonanumberofagreementsexcept()AGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTradeBGeneralAgreementonTariffsandServicesCExportlimitsDAgreementonTrade-RelatedAspectsofIntellectualProperty第9题Multilateralnegotiationsoffreetrademaymobilizedomesticpoliticalsupportforfreetrade,aswellasmakecountriesagreenottoengageinatradewar.第10题Thecasesforfreetradeareasfollowsexcept()AallocateresourcesmostefficientlyBtakeadvantageofeconomiesofscaleCprovidescompetitionandopportun