中考英语二轮复习名词课件

名词课标要求考向考频学习目标•可数名词及其单、复数•不可数名词•专有名词•名词所有格语法选择6年3考1.具备名词的基本词义辨析能力；2.掌握名词的数、名词的格、以及一些固定搭配；3.熟悉名词在语境中的辨析与运用。完形填空必考短文填空必考在英语里，名词是搭建句子的“基石”。搞懂英语名词，就像拿到了

打开英语学习大门的第一把钥匙。那么名词经常作什么成分呢？通过下

面的语段来了解一下吧！(改编自人教8上U8课文)Inmostcountries,①peopleusuallyeat

traditional②foodonspecialholidays.AspecialdayintheUnitedStates

is③Thanksgiving．It'salwaysonthefourthThursdayinNovember,

andit'satimetogivethanksforfoodintheautumn.MostAmericans

celebratethefestivalbyhavingabig④familymealathome.Themain

dishofthismealisalmostalwaysturkey,alarge⑤bird.①作主语(句子动作的执行者)②作动词eat的宾语(动作的承受者)③作表语(主系表结构中)④作定语修饰限定meal⑤作turkey的同位语(解释说明turkey是什么)下面来具体学习一下名词的用法。

名词的分类1．

专有名词分类举例表示人名、头衔、团体机构等的专有名词Mark

ProfessorLi

theUnitedNations表示月份、星期、节日等的专有名词AprilSaturdaytheSpringFestival表示国名、地名、山河名等的专有名词ChinaNewYork

theHimalayasTip：专有名词的每个实词的首字母通常要大写。2.

普通名词分类定义举例特征可数名词个体名词表示人或事物的个体名称chair

doctor

school有单、复数两种形式集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称police

people

family本身表示复数概念不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质或材料的名称paper

metal

water无单、复数之分抽象名词表示品质、感情等抽象概念的名称love

hope

creativity

可数名词及其单、复数(语法选择：6年1考；短文填空：6年

3考)1．

名词复数形式的规则变化情况构成方法举例一般情况加-smap→maps

mouth→mouths

house→houses以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-esglass→glasses

match→matchesfox→foxes以辅音字母＋y结尾的词变y为i再加esbaby→babies

city→cities

country→countries以“元音字母＋y”结尾词尾加-skey→keysboy→boysholiday→holidays以-f或-fe结尾多数变f或fe为v后加-esleaf→leaves

life→lives

shelf→shelvesknife→knives

wolf→wolves

thief→thieves少数词尾加-sbelief→beliefs

chief→chiefs

roof→roofs以字母-o结尾词尾加-eshero→heroes

potato→potatoes

tomato→tomatoes【速记】英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿词尾加-sphoto→photos

kilo→kilos

piano→pianosTips：(1)有些名词表面为复数形式，实为单数。如：maths,news,physics等。(2)一些集体名词只能用作复数，如people,police,clothes等；一些集体名词既可作单数(强调整体)，也可作复数(强调个体成员)。如：Myfamily

ismovingtoanewhousesoon,andallmyfamily

enjoyplanningthebigmovetogether.我们家很快就要搬到新房子了，全家人都很喜欢一起规划这次搬家事宜。2.

名词复数形式的不规则变化变化举例单复数同形deer→deer

fish→fish

sheep→sheep表示“某国人”Chinese→Chinese

Japanese→JapaneseEnglishman→Englishmen

Frenchwoman→Frenchwomen【速记】中日不变英法变，其他-s加后面。变化举例变内部元音tooth→teeth

foot→feet

man→men

woman→women其他变化child→childrenmouse→micemedium→mediaTip：fish表示鱼的种类时，复数形式为fishes；表示鱼的条数时，复数形式仍为fish；表示“鱼肉”时，为不可数名词。如：differentfishes不同种类的鱼；fivefish五条鱼。3.

名词作定语的单、复数形式变化情况举例一般用单数twogirlstudents

tenappletrees某些名词作定语需要用复数asportsmeet

twoclothesstores名词前有man/woman修饰，名词变复数时，man/woman和名词都要变为复数形式twomendoctorsfourwomenteachers

一、夯基：单项填空(

B

)1.

(2021广东·36题)Peoplecouldenjoythesceneryand

watch

there.A.

birdB．

birdsC．

bird'sD．

birds'(

A

)2.

Mybrothergotahigh

intheEnglishexambecause

ofhishardwork.A.

scoreB．

score'sC．

scoresBA(C)3.Yesterday,wemetsome

inthestreetandtheyaskedfor

directionsinChinese.A.

GermanB．

GermenC．

Germans(

B

)4.

(2025云南改编)Nowadays,thousandsofforeign

cometoChinaonvacation.A.

visitorB．

visitorsC．

visitors'CB二、提能：语篇运用(短文填空)mistake

difference

video

choice

student

fun

personWealwayssay,“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”Butshould

friendssupportusinmakingwrong1.

？Confuciusanswers

thisquestioninThe

Analects(《论语》):“Agood2.

⁠helps

othersdoright,notwrong.Abadpersondoestheopposite.”choicespersonTruefriendsencouragegrowth,not3.

⁠.Wemust

recognizethosewhotrulyguideus.Askyourself:Dotheyleadmeto

improve,orpushmetowardharm?Forexample,4.

⁠games

maybringjoybutcanwastetime.Arealfriendhelpsyoubalance

5.

⁠andresponsibility.Soalwayschoosefriendswhomakeyou

better,notworse.mistakesvideofunmistake

difference

video

choice

student

fun

person

不可数名词(短文填空：6年3考)一般情况下，专有名词、物质名称、抽象名词为不可数名词。不可

数名词一般没有复数形式，但有些名词在不同的语境下有不同的含义，

从而也表现出可数与不可数性。1．

抽象名词具体化表示具体的一个人或特定的某一件事或物时，可以将抽象名词作为可数名词，可以与a/an连用。常见的这类词有：success成功—成功的人或事

pleasure乐趣—令人高兴的事surprise吃惊—令人惊讶的人或事beauty美—美丽的人或事failure失败—失败的人或事

honour荣誉—带来荣誉的人或事2．

既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词的单词单词可数不可数glass玻璃杯玻璃room房间空间chicken鸡鸡肉fish鱼鱼肉exercise习题锻炼experience经历经验单词可数不可数light电灯光change变化零钱time次；倍时间interest兴趣爱好兴趣orange橙子橙汁；橙色work作品工作3.

名词与数量词(组)的搭配数量词(组)用法(a)few

several

many

agreatmanythe/anumberofhundredsof

different/other后接可数名词(a)littlemuchagreatdealofalargeamountof后接不可数名词enoughsomealotof/lotsofplentyof后接可数/不可数名词Tips:(1)物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词，要根据情况使用单数或复数形式，如：acupoftea;threepiecesofbread;twopiecesofpaper等。(2)socks,trousers,glasses,jeans,shorts,scissors,gloves等成双成对的名词一般不用具体数词修饰，但可以用apairof,twopairsof等修饰。

一、夯基：单项填空(

A

)1.

Iliveahealthylife.Ioftenhave

and

forlunch.A.

fish;eggsB．

fishes;eggC．

chickens;carrots(

C

)2.

Myteachergivesmemuch

onimprovingEnglish

speakingskills.A.

problemB．

ideaC．

adviceAC(A)3.Perhapstherewon'tbe

foreverybodyinthirtyyears.A.

enoughroomB．

enoughroomsC．

roomsenough(

B

)4.

Spendingtoomuch

playingcomputergamesisbad

foryour

.A.

time;eyeB．

time;eyesC．

times;eyesAB二、提能：语篇运用(短文填空)hour

many

experience

mind

pleasure

exercise

muchBaduanjinhasbecomepopularthesedays.Manypeopleposttheir

different1.

⁠oflearningBaduanjinonsocialmedia.experiencesBaduanjinisgood2.

forbothphysicalandmental(心理

的)health.Ithaseightsteps.Itisgoodfortheold,anditisalsofitfor

youngpeoplewhositforlong3.

⁠intheofficeorhavebad

feelings.Besides,thepracticedoesn'tneed4.

⁠spaceortime.It

usesbreathingskillstoimprovebothbodyand5.

⁠.exercisehoursmuchmindhour

many

experience

mind

pleasure

exercise

much

名词所有格(语法选择：6年2考)名词所有格表示名词间的所属关系，作定语修饰另一名词。它有三

种形式：'s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格。1．

's所有格's所有格一般用来表示人或其他有生命的事物的所属关系。用法及构成规则举例表示人或有生命的事物的名词常在词尾加'sMary'sbook玛丽的书以s结尾的复数名词，只加'students'readingroom学生阅览室表示两者各自的所属关系时，分别在每个名词的词尾加'sTom'sandJim'sfathers汤姆的父亲和吉姆的父亲表示两者共有，在最后一个名词词尾加'sTomandJim'sfather汤姆和吉姆的父亲用法及构成规则举例表示店铺、办公室或某人家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略atmyuncle's(home)在我叔叔家thedoctor's(office)诊所表示时间、距离、重量、地点等无生命的事物的名词也可以借助's表示所属关系aweek'sholiday一周的假期thirtyminutes'ride三十分钟的车程2.

of所有格用法举例表示无生命的事物的所属关系thedooroftheroom房间的门其他所属关系theloveofnature对自然的热爱

thecostofliving生活成本thecityofShanghai上海市

mostofthestudents大多数学生Tip：部分所属关系用to，如：thekeytothedoor(门的钥匙),theanswertothequestion(问题的答案),thesolutiontotheproblem(问题的解决方法),thetickettotheconcert(音乐会的门票),theinvitationtothewedding(婚礼的邀请)等。3.

双重所有格用法举例名词＋of＋名词-'sanotherhouseofJohn's约翰的另一所房子(不止一所房子)名词＋of＋名词性物主代词thephotoofmine我的一张照片(很多照片中的一张)

一、夯基：单项填空(

C

)1.

(2024广东·40题)Sometimes,hetakesone

busrideto

museumsandzoosinanothertown.A.

hourB．

hoursC．

hour's(

C

)2.

(2022广东·33题)Shewashermusic

favoritestudent.A.

teacherB．

teachersC．

teacher'sCC(

C

)3.

Ourschoolorganizedaspeechcompetitionabout

“Learningfrom

spirits”．Studentssharedmanymovingstoriesof

peopleindifferentfields.A.

heroB．

heroesC．

heroes'C二、提能：语篇运用(短文填空)direction

to

with

minute

of

hourIfyouaskpeopleofdifferentcountries“Couldyoutellmetheway

1.

thepostoffice？”，youwillgetdifferentanswers.InKansas,America,peoplewilltellyou2.

⁠and

distance(距离)．Forexample,theywillsay,“GoalongNorthStreetto

theend.It'sonlyfive3.

⁠walkfromhere.”PeopleinGreecewilloftensay,“Followme.”Thentheywilltake

youthroughthestreets4.

⁠thecitytothepostoffice.todirectionsminutes'of

名词词义辨析(完形填空和短文填空：每年必考)名词词义辨析主要考查考生能否通过对上下文的理解，选择/使用

合适的词汇。近6年广东中考题中，名词在完形填空和短文填空中都属

于必考点，考生要注意其在语境中的使用。下面给出几组初中阶段常见

的易混名词。1．

family,home和house辨family指家庭或家庭成员，与居住地无关home指某人出生以及成长的环境或某人居住的地方house强调人们居住的建筑物本身练Ilovestayingat

⁠inmysparetimebecauseIenjoy

spendingtimewithmy

⁠.Weliveinasmall

white

⁠withabigyard.MysisterandIalwaysplaythere.homefamilyhouse2.

noise,voice和sound辨noise通常指不悦耳的、令人烦恼的嘈杂声voice指人说话或唱歌时发出的声音，可引申为人的呼声或意见sound普通用词，泛指人们能听到的各种声音练ItwasSundayafternoon.Iwasreadingbythewindow,listeningto

the

⁠ofthewind.Momwastalkingtomygrandmaina

gentle

．Whataboutmybrother?Oh,hewas

making

⁠withhistoys.soundvoicenoise3.

message,news和information辨message指通过书写、谈话和信号等方式所传递的通讯“信息”news特指报纸、电台或电视等传播媒体所发布的信息information指通过各种途径如观察、阅读或与人交往所获得的任何信息，但不一定都准确练Itwasaquietevening.Iwassearchingfor

⁠aboutmyprojectonlinewhenmygoodfriendsenta(n)

．Hesharedsomegood

⁠abouthisjob.informationmessagenews4.

job和work辨job可数名词，指一件必须做的工作，或有报酬的工作，也可

指职业work不可数名词，指工作、劳动、职业、操作、运转等，可用

于各种场合练Mydadhasagood

⁠inasmallcompany.Healwaystalks

abouttheinteresting

⁠hedoeseveryday.jobwork5.

problem和question辨problem通常指等待解决的“难题；困难”question通常指等待回答的“问题；提问”练Momhadasmall

⁠withherphonethismorning.I

askedmycousina

⁠abouthowtofixit,andhegaveme

asimpleway.problemquestion

语篇运用(完形填空)OliviatraveledtoChinaforthefirsttimein2012.Thetripwaswonderful.ShecomesfromParis,

1．In2016,OliviatraveledtoMountHuangshaninAnhuiProvince.Shelivedthereforthreemonths.“Ididn'twanttoleave.Itissobeautiful，”Oliviasaid.HertriptoChinaturnedintoalongtime

2．(

A

)1.

A.

France

B．

England

C．

America

D．

Germany(

C

)2.

A.

wait

B．

task

C．

stay

D．

studyACThenOliviabecameaguide.Differentfromotherguides,shedoesn't

oftentakethe

3tothemostpopularplaces.Shetakesthemtoseesome

unknown,beautifulscenery.OntheInternet,Oliviaalsosharesmany

4

ofthescenerywithothers.Thesephotosmakemorepeopleseethe

5of

China.“IenjoymylifehereinChina，”Oliviasaid.(

B

)3.

A.

friends

B．

tourists

C．

sisters

D．

brothers(

D

)4.

A.

turns

B．

steps

C．

videos

D．

photos(

A

)5.

A.

beauty

B．

grass

C．

weather

D．

foodBDA

语法选择和短文填空对于名词的考查主要有三个方向，做题时需要

根据所填/选词是否可数、空前和空后的修饰词、句中的谓语动词及联

系上下文语境等来确定。复习效果的好坏还需通过中考题型来检验，请完成下面的练习题！题号一二三正确率

/10

/10

/10一、语法选择·名词专项训练[主题：茶馆促进文化交流

难度：

★★

建议用时：6mins](2025苏州改编)OnPingjiangRoadinSuzhou,65-year-oldMsWu

hasrunatraditionalteahousefor30years.Sheneverexpectedherselfto

becomeateamasterwhohelpedbuild

1culturalbridge.(

B

)1.

A.

/B．

aC．

anBItstartedin2015whenaGermantouristnamedKlauswalkedinto

her

2．Withthehelpofaphoneapp,MsWupatientlyshowedhimthe

way

3properlybrew(沏)Biluochun,Suzhou'sfamousgreentea.Klaus

returnedeverydaythatweekandbroughtmore

4eachtime.(

A

)2.

A.

shop

B．

shops

C．

shop's(

C

)3.

A.

with

B．

of

C．

to(

B

)4.

A.

friend

B．

friends

C．

friends'ACBSeeingthe

5greatinterestinChinesetea,MsWustartedaweekly

activitycalled“TeaCultureSaturdays”．Sheshowedthemhowtobrew

teawithtraditionalmethods.HerdaughterLily,acollegestudent,helped

translate.(

C

)5.

A.

foreignerB．

foreigners

C．

foreigners'CSoon,herteahousewasalwayscrowdedwithvisitors,including

studentsand

6peoplefrommanyplaces.“Iusedtothinkforeigners

wouldn'tunderstandour

7culture,buttheyloveitdeeply.Someof

themeventreattheirfriendswithChineseteaathome，”MsWusaid.(

A

)6.

A.

business

B．

business's

C．

businesses(

A

)7.

A.

tea

B．

tea's

C．

teasAAOneofherfavourite

8waswhenSarah,aCanadian,gavehera

notebookfilledwithteanoteswritteninbothEnglishandChinese.“This

iswhyIkeepteaching，”MsWusaid.(

B

)8.

A.

momentB．

moments

C．

moments'BNow,herteahouseappearsintravelguidesas“

9culturalliving

room”．Fortourists,everycupofteaservedisa

10ontheteaculture

ofthisancientcity.(

C

)9.

A.

Suzhou

B．

Suzhous

C．

Suzhou's(

B

)10.

A.

window's

B．

window

C．

windowsCB二、完形填空·名词专项训练[主题：交换生学习书法的经历

难

度：★★

建议用时：6mins](2025珠海三模改编)WhenIstudiedinChinaasanexchange

student,Iwantedtolearnmoreaboutthelocalculture.ThatwaswhyI

joinedmyschool'scalligraphy(书法)

1．(

C

)1.

A．

classB．

team

C．

clubD．

officeCOnmyfirstdaythere,Iwasamazedbythepleasantsmellofink

andthesoftsoundofbrushesmovingon

2．OurteacherMrLi

introducedthefourimportant

3ofcalligraphytous:thebrush,ink,

paper,andinkstone.(

B

)2.

A.

cloth

B．

paper

C．

wood

D．

glass(

D

)3.

A.

books

B．

rules

C．

skills

D．

toolsBDHeexplainedthatthesewerenotjusttools,butthekeypartsofthis

traditional

4．IwatchedcarefullyasMrLishowedushowtohold

the

5correctlyandmoveitsmoothlyacrossthepaper.TheChinese

6

hewrotelookedasbeautifulaspaintings.Icouldn'twaittotryitmyself.(

A

)4.

A.

art

B．

custom

C．

method

D．

value(

A

)5.

A.

brush

B．

pencil

C．

scissors

D．

stone(

B

)6.

A.

letters

B．

characters

C．

novels

D．

paragraphsAABHowever,whenIpickedupthebrush,

7wasmuchharderthanI

thought.Myfirstcharactersweremessy,whichmademefeel

disappointed.Thankfully,MrLiencouragedmepatientlyandofferedme

helpful

8．(

C

)7.

A.

reading

B．

drawing

C．

writing

D．

speaking(

C

)8.

A.

messages

B．

gifts

C．

guidance

D．

newsCCFromthenon,Iattendedtheclubeveryweek.Gradually,my

handwritingimproved.Inotonlylearnedtowritecharactersbutalso

begantoexplorethe

9behindthem.NowIunderstandthatcalligraphy

isn'tjustaboutwriting.It'slikepaintingwithwords—apracticethat

bringsmeclosertoChinese

10．Wouldyouliketohaveatry?(

D

)9.

A.

shapes

B．

dictionaries

C．

styles

D．

meanings(

A

)10.

A.

culture

B．

food

C．

music

D．

historyDA三、短文填空[主题：21岁研究生对出莫言上联获奖

难度：★★

建议用时：7mins]so

visit

hit

online

famous

people

expert

or

create

to

choose

of

OnOctober20,2025,a21-year-oldpostgraduatestudent,

SongKejia,wonfirstprizeinaspecialcompetition.Thecompetitionwas

startedbyMoYan,the1.

⁠ChinesewriterwhowontheNobel

PrizeinLiterature.famousInJune,MoYan2.

⁠acentury-oldHakkawalledhouseinHuizhou,Guangdong.Inspired(激励)byit,hewrotethefirstlineofacoupletandinvitedliteraryloversto3.