中考英语一轮复习专题九简单句课件

专题九

简单句考点考向基本句型①简单句的五种基本句型

②There

be结构_________陈述句①肯定句：

主语+谓语（+其他）.②否定句：

主语+don’t/doesn’t/didn’t+动词原形（+其他）.主语+am

not/isn’t/aren’t/can’t/hasn’t/haven’t/...+...疑问句①一般疑问句：

Do/Does/Did+主语+动词原形（+其他）？Am/Is/Are/Can/Has/Have/...+主语+...？②特殊疑问句：

What/Who/When/Where/Why/How/How

often/...+

一般疑问句？考点考向祈使句_________①肯定形式：

动词原形（+...）/...②否定形式：

Don’t+动词原形（+...）/...感叹句①what引导的感叹句：

What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语）!What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！②how引导的感叹句：

How+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）!续表考点1

简单句的基本句型一、简单句的五种基本句型1.主语+不及物动词I

live

near

a

supermarket.

（near

a

supermarket为状语，作修饰成分）2.主语+及物动词+宾语We

bought

an

expensive

house.

（expensive为定语，作修饰成分）3.主语+系动词+表语All

of

these

experiences

are

interesting

for

us.

（for

us为状语，作修饰成分）4.主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Doing

sports

brings

us

health.拓展通常间接宾语是人，直接宾语是物，即“动词+sb.+sth.”。如果动词后为某物，则需要加上介词to/for再加某人，即“动词+sth.+to/for+sb.”。如：buy

sb.

sth.=buy

sth.

for

sb.（给某人买某物）；send/show/return

sb.

sth.=send/show/return

sth.

to

sb.

（给某人寄送/展示某物/归还某物给某人）。5.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语We

found

the

book

interesting.二、There

be

结构（存现句）1.结构及意义：“There

be+某物/某人+某地/某时”结构表示“某地或某时有某物或某人”。例：There

is

a

good

movie

on

TV

tonight.（今天晚上电视上有一部好电影。）2.There

be结构的就近原则：be动词的单复数形式必须和There

be

之后的第一个主语保持一致。例：There

is

an

apple

and

two

books

on

the

table.3.There

be结构的时态：There

be结构时态的变化体现在be动词上，而且be动词可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。#3时态结构例句一般现在时There

is/are...There

are

forty

students

in

the

classroom.一般过去时There

was/were...There

was

a

talk

show

on

TV

yesterday.一般将来时There

will

be...或There

is/are

going

to

be...There

will

be

a

concert

on

Saturday.There

is

going

to

be

a

football

game

tomorrow.

考点1短文填空基础练1.There

____（be）

many

modern

high-speed

railways

in

Jiangsu

and

they

help

people

travel

easily.2.We

hope

there

________（be）

a

computer

on

every

student’s

desk

in

the

future.3.There

____（be）

not

any

tests

to

measure

how

kind

you

are

to

your

friends,

or

how

much

you

love

to

draw.4.There

____（be）

a

few

things

that

you

can

do.5.A

great

saying

always

helps

a

lot.

There

____（be）

a

lot

of

great

Chinese

sayings

and

many

of

them

are

about

how

to

live

a

good

life.arewill

beareareare6.There

will

be

_____（rain）

tomorrow.

We

can’t

eat

out.

We

have

to

stay

at

home.7.It

was

getting

colder

and

colder,

and

there

______（be）

less

than

10

people

in

the

square.8.Scientists

worry

that

soon

there

__________（not

be）

enough

water

for

us.

What

can

we

do

to

help?

Use

water

wisely.rainwerewon’t

be考点2

句子种类

句子按其用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类。一、陈述句

陈述句用来陈述事实或表达说话者的看法，分为肯定句和否定句。句末通常用句号。类型结构或用法例句肯定句基本结构：主语+谓语（+其他）I

played

basketball

yesterday.否定句谓语部分只有实义动词时：主语+don’t/doesn’t/didn’t+谓语动词原形They

didn’t

play

basketball

yesterday.谓语部分含有系动词be、助动词、情态动词时，否定形式为在它们后面直接加notJim

isn’t

playing

football

now.We

can’t

live

without

water.二、疑问句1.疑问句的分类和结构#1类型含义及特点结构例句一般疑问句以系动词be、助动词或情态动词开头，可以用yes或no来回答谓语部分只有实义动词时：Do/Does/Did+主语+谓语动词原形+（其他）？—Does

she

live

in

Beijing?—Yes,

she

does./No,

she

doesn’t.类型含义及特点结构例句一般疑问句以系动词be、助动词或情态动词开头，可以用yes或no来回答谓语部分含有系动词be、情态动词或助动词时，系动词be、情态动词或助动词在主语前—Are

you

a

middle

school

student?—Yes,

I

am./No,

I

am

not.—Have

you

ever

been

to

Shanghai?—Yes,

I

have.

/No,

I

haven’t.续表类型含义及特点结构例句特殊疑问句由疑问词（组）引导，不能用yes或no来回答疑问词（组）+一般疑问句？—Where

does

she

live?—She

lives

in

Beijing.续表类型含义及特点结构例句选择疑问句在两种或两种以上情况中进行选择的疑问句；

回答不用yes或no，而是一个完整的句子或其省略形式一般选择疑问句：一般疑问句+or+被选择的内容之一？—Do

you

like

apples

or

pears?—I

like

pears.特殊选择疑问句：特殊疑问句，

A

or

B？—Which

do

you

like

better,

tea

or

coffee?—I

like

coffee

better.续表2.疑问词（组）#2类型疑问词（组）含义及用法示例疑问代词what“什么”，没有指定的范围What

would

you

like?询问某人的职业—What’s

your

father?—He

is

a

teacher.which“哪一个/些”，范围明确Which

is

your

favourite

season?类型疑问词（组）含义及用法示例疑问代词who“谁”

，询问某人的身份、姓名，作主语或宾语（紧跟在介词后面时只能用whom）Who

is

the

boy

under

the

tree?Who/Whom

are

you

talking

to?whom“谁”，who的宾格形式，作宾语To

whom

are

you

talking?whose“谁的”，多位于名词前Whose

book

is

this?续表类型疑问词（组）含义及用法示例疑问副词（词组）when“什么时候”，问时间When

do

you

get

up?where“在哪里”，问地点Where

is

my

ruler?why“为什么”，问原因（常用because或不定式回答）Why

do

you

like

spring?Why

did

Tom

go

to

the

library

yesterday?how“怎样”，问方式—How

do

you

go

to

school?—By

bike/bus.续表类型疑问词（组）含义及用法示例疑问副词（词组）how

far“多远”，问距离How

far

is

it

from

here?how

long“多久”，问持续时间（常用“for+时间段”回答）—How

long

have

you

lived

in

Beijing?—For

ten

years.“多长”，问长度How

long

is

the

Yellow

River?续表类型疑问词（组）含义及用法示例疑问副词（词组）how

often“多久一次”，问频率（可以用“once/twice/three

times+时间段”或every

day等回答）—How

often

do

you

go

to

the

cinema?—Twice

a

month.how

soon“多久”，问要多长时间（常用“in+时间段”回答）—How

soon

can

you

finish

it?—In

an

hour.续表类型疑问词（组）含义及用法示例疑问副词（词组）how

much“多少钱”，问价格How

much

is

the

milk?“多少”，问不可数名词的量How

much

water

is

left?how

many“多少”，问可数名词的数量How

many

days

are

there

in

a

year?how

old“多大年纪”，问年龄How

old

are

you?续表三、祈使句

祈使句用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告、建议等。主语you常常省略，谓语动词用原形。类型结构例句肯定形式动词原形（+...）Read

English

loud!

Be

quiet!let+宾语+动词原形（+...）Let

me

help

you.否定形式don’t+动词原形（+...）Don’t

talk

in

class.

Don’t

be

late

again!no+名词/动词的-ing形式No

smoking.

（=Don’t

smoke.）never+动词原形（+...）Never

give

up!let+宾语+not+动词原形（+...）Let’s

not

talk

about

it.拓展

“祈使句,

and/or+含有一般将来时的陈述句”句型

此句型中，祈使句表示条件，在意义上相当于一个条件状语从句。and表顺承;or表不做某事的后果，意为“否则”。如：Study

hard,

and

you

will

get

a

better

grade

next

time.四、感叹句

感叹句是用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子。常用what和how引导。#1类别结构例句what引导的感叹句What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语）!What

a

beautiful

girl

（she

is）!What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词（+主语+谓语）!What

important

jobs

（they

have

done）!What

good

news

（it

is）!how引导的感叹句How+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）!How

delicious

（the

noodles

are）!How

fast

（the

river

runs）!

易错提示

what

引导的感叹句中心词是名词；how引导的感叹句中心词是形容词/副词。如“________

interesting

books

these

are!”的中心词为books，句中these

are为主语和谓语，因此填What；而“________

interesting

the

books

are!”的中心词是interesting，the

books

are为主语和谓语，因此填How。#1.1.2考点2一、短文填空基础练1.______（keep）

trying

and

do

your

best.Keep2.—The

pen

can

translate

what

you

write

down

into

English.—_______

an

interesting

invention!What3._______（spend）

less

time

on

the

phone

at

night,

or

you

will

find

it

hard

to

fall

asleep.4.The

C919,

China’s

self-made

large

plane,

is

now

in

use.

______

exciting

the

news

is!5.Sometimes

her

grandchildren

say

to

her,

“Please

_________

（not

go）

out

in

your

car

all

by

yourself,Granny.

We

can

take

you

to

the

shops.”SpendHowdon’t

go二、写作基础练（翻译句子）1.不用时，请关掉电灯、电视和电脑。_________________________________________________________________Please

turn

off

lights,

TVs

and

computers

when

they

are

not

in

use.2.我们能做什么来帮助有需要的人？________________________________________What

can

we

do

to

help

people

in

need?3.别放弃！尽最大的努力，你一定会成功！_______________________________________________Don’t

give

up!

Try

your

best

and

you’ll

succeed!一、短文填空基础练1.______

strange

it

was!

I

left

my

book

on

the

desk,

but

it

was

on

the

sofa

when

I

came

back.2.______（close）

your

eyes

and

let

music

paint

pictures

in

your

mind.

When

the

music

ends,

______（open）

your

eyes

and

write

down

what

you

remember.3.There

___（be）

some

good

advice

and

ways

about

how

to

use

the

Internet

correctly

and

wisely.4.The

cheers

filled

the

air.

_______

an

exciting

basketball

game!HowCloseopenisWhat5.—Attention,

please!

______（stay）

inside

because

of

the

heavy

rain.—We

will,

Mr.

Li.Stay6._______

useful

knowledge

the

astronaut

in

Tiangong

Classroom

has

taught

us!7.Lastly,

act

now!

Speak

clearly,

______

（raise）

your

head

and

you’ll

notice

the

diff