新时代跨学科英语阅读2 教学课件 U4 The Country and the City

TheCountryandtheCity

Warm-upPartAReadingStrategiesPartBContentsHowisthecountrydepictedinChineseliterature/culture?Canyouthinkofsomeexamples?Whichwayoflifedoyouprefer,urbanorrural?Createamindmapaboutthecountry/thecity.12Warm-up

PartA

PartA(para.1)Mr.Southey’sattitudetowardmodernmanufacturingsystem:“Thereisnothingwhichhehatessobitterly.”Theextremityofhishatred:“Heexpressesahopethatthecompetitionofothernationsmaydriveusoutofthefield…”Readersmayaskwhyhishatredissobitterandextreme.Doeshehavegoodreasontohatethemanufacturingsystem?Isthesystemreallysobad?Thesequestionsaretobeansweredinthefirstsentenceofthenextparagraph.1

PartA(para.2)“Mr.Southeydoesnotbringforwardasinglefactinsupportoftheseviews;and,asitseemstous,therearefactswhichleadtoaverydifferentconclusion.”Mr.Southey’sextremehatred—lackoffactstojustifyhishatredmanufactureasatyrannicalsystem—abundantevidencethatprovesthebenefitsofmanufacture(factsanddatamentionedinparas.2-3)2

PartASouthey’sattackonthemanufacturingsystem:(para.1)“tyrannical”“asystemofactualservitude”(para.4)“Theoldcottagesaresuchasthepoetandthepainterequallydelightinbeholding…Howisit…thateverythingwhichisconnectedwithmanufacturespresentssuchfeaturesofunqualifieddeformity?...theywillremainalwaysasoffensivetotheeyeastothemind”3

PartAHowwouldyoudescribeSouthey’sperspective?Onwhatdoeshebasehisjudgmentofthemanufacturingtowns?Hisperspectiveissimilartothatof“thepoetandthepainter”.Helooksatthemattermainlyfromanaestheticperspective,focusingontheaesthetic,emotional,andspiritualimpactofchange.4

PartA(para.4)Macaulay:“ItisnotfrombillsofmortalityandstatisticaltablesthatMr.Southeyhaslearnedhispoliticalcreed.”Southey’sdisregardoffactsMacaulay’sdefense:Hecitesstatisticsandfactstodemonstratethatmanufacturingtownshavealowerpoor-rateandalowermortalityrate.5

PartASouthey’sattitudeisconsiderednotonlyinaccuratebutarrogantbyMacaulay:(para.3)Suchafactualapproachis“fartoolowandvulgarforamindsoimaginativeasthatofMr.Southey.”(para.4)“Hecannotstoop

tostudythehistoryofthesystemwhichheabuses…”6

PartA(para.5)FromMacaulay’sperspective,Southey’spreferenceisnotdeterminedbysocialreality,butbyaratherromanticattachmenttotheagrariantradition:“Rose-bushesandpoor-rates,ratherthansteam-enginesandindependence”…7

PartAHowwouldyoudescribeMacaulay’sperspectiveonthismatter?pragmatic;valuetheimprovementoflivingconditions;recognizethebenefitsbroughtaboutbymodernmanufacture;embracesocialprogress…Whomdoyouagreewith,SoutheyorMacaulay?Ifyoudonotagreewitheitherofthem,whatisyourposition?89

PartASoutheyandMacaulayrepresenttwocontendingattitudestowardindustrializationandurbanization:①literary,poetic,aestheticinnature;nostalgicandelegiacintone(lamentingthelossofamuchtreasuredwayoflife,agreattradition,anageofinnocence…)10

PartA②pragmatic,utilitarianinnature;optimisticorcelebratoryintone(embracingtheimprovementsbroughtaboutby…);adheringtofactsHardTimes:TheeducationaltheoryandmethodofMr.Gradgrind:“NOW,whatIwantis,Facts.TeachtheseboysandgirlsnothingbutFacts.Factsalonearewantedinlife.Plantnothingelse,androotouteverythingelse.YoucanonlyformthemindsofreasoninganimalsuponFacts:nothingelsewilleverbeofanyservicetothem.ThisistheprincipleonwhichIbringupmyownchildren,andthisistheprincipleonwhichIbringupthesechildren.SticktoFacts,sir!”ReadingStrategiesAfigureofspeechisawordorphraseusedinanon-literalwaytocreateaspecialeffect.Figuresofspeecharecommonliterarydevicesemployedbyauthorstoenhanceexpressionandevokeacertainkindofunderstandinginreaders.Theyareoftenusedinwritingandspeechestopersuadeandinfluencereadersorhelpthemunderstandcertainconceptsandideas.Forreaders,identifyingthesedevicesisalsoanimportantmeansofdecodingtheencodedmessagesoftheauthor.

IdentifyandUnderstandFiguresofSpeech“Rose-bushesandpoor-rates,ratherthansteam-enginesandindependence.Mortalityandcottageswithweather-stains,ratherthanhealthandlonglifewithedificeswhichtimecannotmellow.”Whatisthemainideaofthesetwosentences?HowisMacaulay’sexpressionbetterthanamerestatementofthemainidea?ReadingStrategies

PartB

PartBSpeed-readtheexcerptofTheUrbanVillagers.WhatistheWestEndlike?

HowwouldyoudescribeGans’sapproachtotheWestEnd,thesubjectofhisresearch?IshisresearchmethodclosertothatofSoutheyorMacaulay?12

PartB(paras.1-2)WhyistheWestEndoftenseenasaslumareabyaverageBostonians?FeaturesoftheWestEnd:narrowwindingstreets,poorlymaintainedstructures,thekindsofpeoplewhoarethoughttoinhabitaslumarea…Problemsoftheobservers:rarelyenteredtheWestEndandusuallyglimpseditonlyfromthehighwaysorelevatedtrainlines;superficial;armedwithconventionalimagesandalittleimaginationaboutthemysteriesthoughttoliebehindthetenemententrances...3

PartB(para.4)WhydoesGansusetheterm“urbanvillage”?Howdoeshedefineit?Partofacitywhereimmigrants“trytoadapttheirnonurbaninstitutionsandculturestotheurbanmilieu.”4

PartB(paras.5-7)