名词单复数变化规则及特殊考点

名词单复数变化规则及特殊考点一、规则变化1.一般情况：直接加-s清辅音结尾→读音/s/maps,books,desks浊辅音/元音结尾→读音/z/bags,days,boys以/t//d/结尾加s：cat→cats/ts/bed→beds/dz/2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾：加-es读音:/ɪz/特殊：stomach→stomachs胃3.辅音字母+y→变y为i加-es4.以f/fe结尾①变f/fe→v+esknife→knives刀leaf→leaves树叶wolf→wolves狼wife→wives妻子life→lives生命thief→thieves小偷shelf→shelves架子half→halves一半self→selves自己loaf→loaves一条面包②直接加sroof→roofs屋顶belief→beliefs信念chief→chiefs首领proof→proofs证明safe→safes保险箱gulf→gulfs海湾/分歧；鸿沟；隔阂cliff→cliffs悬崖brief→briefs摘要③两种均可handkerchief→handkerchiefs/handkerchieves手帕5.以o结尾①加-espotato→potatoes土豆tomato→tomatoes西红柿hero→heroes英雄②加-s（除potatotomatohero其余都加s）video→videos视频audio→audios音频bamboo→bamboos竹子二、不规则变化1.元音变化man→men男人woman→women女人policeman→policemen警察policewoman→policewomen女警察foot→feet脚tooth→teeth牙齿goose→geese鹅mouse→mice老鼠louse→lice虱子2.单复数同形sheep→sheep绵羊deer→deer鹿fish→fish鱼（条数）Chinese→Chinese中国人Japanese→Japanese日本人Swiss→Swiss瑞士人means→means方式series→series系列species→species物种aircraft→aircraft飞机spacecraft→spacecraft宇宙飞船3.特殊变形child→children孩子ox→oxen公牛三、永远只用复数（不能加a/an）trousers裤子pants短裤glasses眼镜；玻璃杯scissors剪刀compasses圆规clothes衣服arms武器goods货物contents目录thanks感谢congratulations祝贺四、复合名词复数1.一般只变中心词appletree→appletrees苹果树girlstudent→girlstudents女学生shoeshop→shoeshops鞋店2.含man/woman：前后都变mandoctor→mendoctors男医生womanteacher→womenteachers女老师3.带连词符：变前面名词son-in-law→sons-in-law女婿sister-in-law→sisters-in-law嫂子；小姑editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief主编stander-by→standers-by旁观者looker-on→lookers-on旁观者；观看者4.无中心词：最后加sgrown-up→grown-ups成年人go-between→go-betweens中间人五、特殊词复数analysis→analyses分析basis→bases基础crisis→crises危机criterion→criteria标准phenomenon→phenomena现象datum→data数据medium→media媒体bacterium→bacteria细菌curriculum→curricula课程六、绝对不可数名词（永远不加s，不能用a/an）work工作fun乐趣information信息advice建议progress进步weather天气news新闻furniture家具luggage行李baggage行李equipment设备tra