2023年托福阅读全真试题

2023年托福阅读全真试题

Question1-8

WhenJulesVernewroteJourneytotheCenterof

theEarthin1864,thereweremanyconflicting

theoriesaboutthenatureoftheEarth'sinterior.

Somegeologiststhoughtthatitcontainedahighly

pressedballofincandescentgas,whileothers

suspectedthatitconsistedofseparateshells,each

madeofadifferentmaterial.Today,wellovera

centurylater,thereisstilllittledirectevidence

ofwhatliesbeneathourfeet.Mostofourknowledge

oftheEarth1sinterioresnotfromminesor

boreholes,butfromthestudyofseismicwaves一

powerfulpulsesofenergyreleasedbyearthquakes.

Initshighlevels,themantleisrelativelycool；

Atgreaterdepths,hightemperaturesmaketherock

behavemorelikealiquidthanasolid.Deeperstill,

thepressureisevenmoreintense,preventingthe

rockfrommeltinginspiteofahighertemperature.

Beyondadepthofaround2,900kilometers,a

greatchangetakesplaceandthemantlegiveswayto

thecore.Someseismicwavescannotpassthroughthe

coreandothersarebentbyit.Fromthisandother

evidence,geologistsconcludethattheoutercoreis

probablyliquid,withasolidcenter.Itisalmost

certainlymadeofiron,mixedwithsmalleramountsof

otherelementssuchasnickel.

TheconditionsintheEarth1scoremakeitafar

morealienworldthanspace.Itssolidironheartis

subjectedtounimaginablepressureandhasa

temperatureofabout9,OOOoF.Althoughscientistscan

speculateaboutitsnature,neitherhumansnor

machineswilleverbeabletovisitit.

1.Theword“conflicting“inline2isclosest

inmeaningto

(A)controlling

(B)outdated

(C)opposing

(D)important

2.Whatistoday1srichestsourceofinformation

abouttheEarth*sinteriorforgeologists?

(A)Boreholes

(B)Shells

(C)Seismicwaves

(D)Mines

3.Theword“There“inline16referstothe

(A)mantle

(B)crust

(C)seabed

(D)Earth*scenter.

4.Whichofthefollowingisaprimary

characteristicoftheEarth1smantle?

(A)Light,solidrock

(B)Uniformityofposition

(C)Dramaticallyincreasingpressure

(D)pressed,incandescentgas

5.Thephrase“giveswayto“inline24is

closestinmeaningto

(A)runsalong

(B)rubsagainst

(C)turnsinto

(D)floatson

6.Theword"it"inline26refersto

(A)mantle

(B)core

(C)change

(D)depth

7.Whydoestheauthorstateinline30-31that

theEarth'scoreis“morealien”thanspace?

(A)Goverentfundsarenotavailabletostudy

theEarthrscore.

(B)Scientistsaren'tinterestedinthe

characteristicsoftheEarth1score.

(C)ItisimpossibletogototheEarth'scoreto

doresearch.

(D)TheEarthfscoreismadeofelementsthatare

d